Volume 6 | Issue 2

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ABSTRACT Natural Gas for containing air Pollution and for sustainable development � A critical Analysis on environmental perspective (By A.VENKATESAN, Research Scholar, School of Law, GD Goenka university, Gurgaon, Haryana. ) The topic sustainable development has got different facets like Zero hunger, clean water, sanitation, health care, gender equality , Clean energy, education, infrastructure etc. I am confining this research study from the perspective of combating air pollution and ensuring clean air by bringing certain significant changes in Petroleum laws/Policies. The major laws that can give new impetus for combating pollution is : 1. Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act 2006 (in short PNGRB Act) 2. Petroleum and Mineral Pipelines (Acquisition of Right of User in Land) Act 1962. The Article 21 of the Indian Constitution ensures the Right to life and liberty includes right to decent way of livelihood . In other words, while going for right to Development, the right to breath clean air free from any pollution is also a paramount right envisaged by the constitution. We need to draw a line and reconcile between the two. Of late, the India�s capital city Delhi is considered as GAS CHAMBER for some days owning to the fact that the pollution level was very alarming and the people were subject to lot of respiratory problems like asthma etc. The duty is casted upon the State to guarantee the wholesome air as envisaged by the framers of the constitution of India in the larger public interest. Article 48A of the constitution also mandates protection of environment. The Bhopal Disaster case, MC. Mehta (Taj Trapezium Matter) vs Union of India are land mark judgments of Apex court towards safeguarding the people from environmental degradation . How to combat the pollution thereby paving the way for sustainable development: 1. With the increase of population, the transport vehicles using polluting fuels like Diesel etc have multiplied manifold . The major cause for the air pollution is the vehicular emission and particulate matter. The carbon monoxide emissions from the diesel engines create respiratory problems like asthma, lung cancer etc more particularly to the children reducing life expectancy. The need of the hour is to convert polluting Diesel vehicles into Green fuel . As on today, the number of CNG vehicles are far less than the polluting diesel vehicles. The reason behind the same is that we do not have adequate CNG stations covering nook and corner of India unlike Petrol Pumps to cater to the needs of the CNG vehicles. With the limited CNG Stations, the CNG vehicles have to stand in queue. Moreover as the CNG stations are existing only in main cities without any coverage of the CNG stations in outskirts and villages, the user of CNG vehicle is not in a position to go on long travel due to non-availability of filling stations. However, the PNGRB vide its Notification dated 14.5.2010 stated that the activity of setting up CNG Station can be undertaken only in areas AUTHORISED by the Board. i.e. CNG dispensation can not be done outside any authorized area without the specific permission of the Board. Hence the need of the hour is to augment the CNG stations in all parts of India by filling up the gaps in the existing Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) Policies/Guidelines by relaxing the rules for opening up of free market for setting up of CNG stations in line with Petrol Pumps instead of restricting the business through PNGRB controlled AUTHORISATION to only certain entities which are into City Gas Distribution. In other words, we need to have Customer Friendly Policy to encourage abundant availability of CNG Stations in all part of India with uninterrupted service for optimum utilization of the Green fuel free from any pollution. 2. Containing Flaring of Natural Gas: In India, the natural gas is continued to be wasted through flaring in various places because the gas as it is difficult to store and transport and hence emergent steps needs to be taken for containing wastage of this precious fuel significantly by bringing in appropriate Policy . Usage of natural resources needs to be moderated to save for our future generations. 3. Bringing User friendly Shale Gas Policy. India needs to pluck the loopholes in Shale Gas Policy to augment maximum utilization of natural resources for achieving Gas Based Economy in India. The above are the tools to the policy makers and policy implementers as the same is crucial for India in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals/target by 2030. Key Words- Sustainable development, reducing the fuel pollution, environment, flaring of natural gas, shale gas policy. AUTHOR:- A.VENKATESAN, Research Scholar, School of Law, GD Goenka university, Gurgaon, Haryana PHONE:-9591991096 EMAIL ID:-venkatesan@gail.co.in

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Key Words- Sustainable development, reducing the fuel pollution, environment, flaring of natural gas, shale gas policy.

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Various theoretical models for the lattice dynamics of tetrahedral bonded crystal having zinc blende structure have been proposed by different workers.The crystals which are tetrahedral bonded are formed mainly from the Elements of II,III,IV and V group of periodic table . These crystals, which have two interpenetrating , face centered crystal lattice are II-Iv, III-V, IV-IV compounds. These crystals are partially co-valiant and ionic� in bonding except diamond. The lattice dynamical models proposed to describe different interactions inside the crystals should be physically consistent with the nature of bonding in them. The present chapter gives a brief account of different interatomic force models proposed earlier by different workers to describe the lattice dynamics of Zinc blende crystals. Some important force models are described in subsequent sections.

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Brief Review of Lattice Dynamical Models for Zinc-Blende Crystal

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Sustainability and mitigation of carbon footprint has become a matter of strategic importance for all organizations today. As business is expanding in multiple geographies, it is often facing different laws and restrictions to comply with carbon emissions. Reinforcement of global climate agreements i.e. the Paris Agreement at local level often becomes compulsion for multinationals operating at local level to optimize their greenhouse emissions. Besides, lowering of carbon footprint is often associated with positive impacts on a firm�s brand and reputation. Many developed nations have already introduced stringent emission policies like cap-and-trade system and carbon tax - which can directly penalize or incentivize a company�s carbon performance. Low carbon emission initiatives - for example, switching to energy efficient assets, installing solar panels or setting up a green disposal system are often linked with high capital expenditures for business. However, operational optimizations too, may have significant contribution on carbon footprint mitigation with lesser cost. One such operational optimization can be implemented in existing supply chain inbound logistics � known as milk run. Milk-run logistics is commonly adopted by automobile, diary, beverages, airline and freight transportation industries for movement of raw material, spare parts and empties. As logistics and transportation activities are capable of emitting up to four times of greenhouse emissions of a company�s normal emissions, better planning and collaboration with carriers can make a significant difference on company�s overall carbon performance. Objective of this paper is to present a systematic approach of information sharing and collaboration with freight carriers using cloud platforms with special reference to milk run scenarios aiming to optimize carbon footprint and operational cost. Aim of this paper is also to highlight an emerging research area of cloud-based carrier collaboration having potential for betterment of environment and society.

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Milk run, Carrier collaboration, Cloud computing, Carbon footprint, Digital Supply Chain.

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???? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???. ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???. ???????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????? ????? ????. 1776 ????? ???? ??????? ???? �?????????? ???????� ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???. ?? ????????? ????????? ? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????. ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????. ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??, ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????. ???? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ? ?????????? ????-??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????. ?? ??????????? ????. ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????????????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ????. ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ??????????????????? ???? ????? ????. �?????????? ?????????� ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????. �?????? ???� ?? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??, ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ????. ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????. ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? ??????????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????. ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????. ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????. ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????. ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????. ???????????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????. 2012 ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??, ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????, ????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????. ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????, ???????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???.

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?????? ???, ?????????? ??????, ?????? ?????, ??????????, ??????????.

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The main purpose of this study was to investigate to compare the selected physical fitness components of Kerala and Maharashtra states. For the purpose of this study 40 female Basketball players (20 from Kerala and 20 from Maharashtra) and the age was ranged between 15 to 17 years were purposively selected as the subject. Muscular strength was measured through flexed arm hang test and score was recorded in seconds, muscular endurance was measured through bent knee sit ups test in one minute and score was recorded in number, speed was measured through 50 yard dash test and score was recorded in seconds and explosive power of leg was measured through vertical jump test and score was recorded in centimeters. To determine the significant difference, independent �t� test was employed for each component separately; the level of significance was set at 0.5 for testing the hypothesis. The findings of statistical analysis revealed that Kerala Basketball players had greater muscular strength, muscular endurance, speed, agility and explosive power of leg than the Maharashtra states Basketball players.

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Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, Speed, Agility, Explosive Power of leg, Basketball

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The role of police in India is the maintain of law and order and the prevention and detection of crime. Police is one of the vital law enforcing agency. Development and welfare activities can be undertaken successfully only if the foundation of law and order are well laid and well looked after. Polish officers are both part of the community they serve and the government protecting that community. The purpose of law enforcement in a free society is to promote public safety and uphold the rule of law so that individual Liberty that may flourish. The Platonist Spoke truly for all times when he said �Except the Lord keep the city, the Watchmen taketh but in vain�. One of the greatest risks in all attempts will be find the rule of the police in society Is too overestimate their significance. The police have two main roles to play Crime investigation and crime prevention. The police man�s job is thus To enforce laws that protect people and property. It is said that the police reacts after crime is committed but plays no part in the causes of criminality.

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POLICE AND SOCIETY

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Travel writing as postcolonial discourse or the postcolonial travelogue has emerged as one of the most original and fecund offshoots in the late-twentieth century. Travel thus means by crossing cultural boundaries, trespassing and visiting. Travel writing has been represented as diabolic by postcolonial critics. V. S. Naipaul is a writer of remarkable expertise through which he transforms his travelling experience into texts, primarily postcolonial texts. His texts are not merely precise records of his physical visits but also a sort of circulation of colonial past of colonial countries. As a novelist he is an international figure and exceptional. He is one of the greatest Caribbean writers of Indian origin, writing in English. As a novelist he is an international figure and exceptional. He is fond of travelling and has been keen observer of the different cultures and geographical situations and chosen it as a best suitable form to satisfy his quest of creative writing. His writing reflects various aspects and any particular culture including social, political, religious and personal belief systems. He travels to different places not with an objective to reach far-off countries but to see life in a new way. Travelogue is a genre of historically realistic fictional work, more than a tourist guide and is certainly more than a graphic record of the places and personal impressions of the sojourner. This paper focused on postcolonial novels of Naipaul to explore his postcolonial experiences of travelling.

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Postcolonial, travelogue, cultural, social, political, religious.

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Presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in surface water like ponds and such alike water bodies has been seen as a major public health concern. Viewing this as one of the major concerns this study proceeds with aiming to isolate and identified different types of bacteria and to determine different antibiotic resistivity over them from two famous ponds of Darbhanga. 12 isolated bacteria from both ponds were morphologically, biochemically identified and their antibiotic resistant profiles were determined by commonly used disc diffusion method and MAR indices were calculated. MAR (Multiple Antibiotic Resistance) values of all isolates were calculated between 0.2-0.8 indicated severe antibiotic pollution in the ponds water. Maximum MAR index was calculated for MK02 and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which may be because of alternation in its gene. These types of variation may cause severe environmental problems if not controlled by controlling flow of sewage with antibiotics.This study would attend to coverhow, the contamination of pond waters by antibiotics or other pollutants supports the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

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Pond Water, Bacterial Identification, Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR), Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Mobile banking has become a popular means today for paying for online purchases made. The purpose of this study to investigate the determinant that is affecting consumer readiness to adopt mobile banking services. Literature indicates that factors such as Discomfort, Insecurity, and perceived risk influence consumer perception towards E-payment through mobile banking. The study involves 116 respondents of the mobile banking user of India. Collected data were analyzed using Regression analysis among Dependent and Independent variables which show a positive relationship between them. Majority of the respondent that confirm that using of mobile banking for doing a payment have a great potential for future expansion. The task is to ensure that it continues to satisfy the need of the customer which would then contribute to its increased adoption and use.

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Mobile Banking, Discomfort, Perceived risk, Insecurity, Adoption

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If the historiography of Communism in India is in itself an underdeveloped sub-discipline, then the phase of Naxalite politics and thought within the history of Communism has received even lesser attention. There are many descriptions of the Naxalbari movement but not much on the intricate intellectuality of many of its partisans. In this article we provide some material for political theorists, sociologists, intellecual historians to analyse this Naxalite intellectuality. A schoolmaster called Sudhir Bhattacharya (1915-1990) lived in Calcutta and wrote on historical and political issues from his own Communist partisan location. His statements on Gandhi and Nehru deserve patient reading.

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Suprakash Ray on the issues of Gandhi and Nehru in the late 1960s

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If the historiography of Communism in India is in itself an underdeveloped sub-discipline, then the phase of Naxalite politics and thought within the history of Communism has received even lesser attention. There are many descriptions of the Naxalbari movement but not much on the intricate intellectuality of many of its partisans. In this article we provide some material for political theorists, sociologists, intellecual historians to analyse this Naxalite intellectuality. A schoolmaster called Sudhir Bhattacharya (1915-1990) lived in Calcutta and wrote on historical and political issues from his own Naxalite partisan location. His evaluation of a preceding episode of peasant insurgency in twentieth century India demands patient reading.

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Sudhir Bhattacharya on Tebhaga Movement in Bengal

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Food fortification is the process of adding micronutrients (essential trace elements and vitamins) in food. As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), fortification refers to "the practice of deliberately increasing the content of an essential micronutrient, i.e. vitamins and minerals (including trace elements) in a food, so as to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply and to provide a public health benefit with minimal risk to health", whereas enrichment is defined as "synonymous with fortification and refers to the addition of micronutrients to a food which are lost during processing". Foods based on fruits and vegetables, such as its juices and pulp represent a new potential carrier and source of probiotic microorganism. Yogurt, the best carrier of probiotics, traditionally is manufactured streptococcus thermophiles and lactobacillus deldrueckii ssp. Bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) as starter cultures. Raw and fermented fruits represent an excellent vehicle for probiotics due to their natural structure that allows the easy availability of usual nutrients for microbial growth. Majority 70% of people in India do not consume enough micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals in day to day life. Due to the high consumption rate of dairy products such as probiotic yogurt, fortification of these products will effectively reduce or prevent diseases associated with nutritional deficiencies. The aim of this investigation is to study the technical aspects involved in production of different types of fortified yogurts, firstly, fortification is defined and the main reasons behind carrying out this process are presented and then yogurt production process and a variety of minerals, vitamins, and functional ingredients which are used in the process are briefly discussed.

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probiotic yogurts, micronutrients, yogurt fortification functional food

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To study about the Great Game in the context of Silk Road is very important because not only it changed the trade dynamics but also brought in its wake, a new dimension to the contacts between the regions lying along the Silk Road. Central Asia became an object of colonial rivalry from the early nineteenth century when Britain and Tsarist Russia emerged as the main contestants in Central Asia.

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The Great Game in Nineteenth Century

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The present paper is about the poetic personality Nissim Ezekiel who declared his name and his identity as a gem in the field of literature forever. It is about his works and the the use of literary terms and facts in an innovative manner.

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Poetic influence, literary terms,use of irony and long sentences.

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Contemporary history of Tulsidas shows that he was born on the beginning of a period when foreign rule was at its peak under the rules of Shershah, Humayun, Akabar and Jahangeer. Turkish rule and Mughal rule both in celebration with Afghans had brought with them the Islamic fith, religion and cultural practices to the Indian society, Plundering and cultural practices to the Indian society, plundering and destruction of temples, confiscation of the wealth of rich Brahmins and business men, seligious conversation and post war attocities had forced the Indians to significantly modify their mode of living and also adopt new practices. Women were confined to the four walls and deprived of social contacts and education. Religion practices were carried under fear and control. Tax payment to visit places of religious pilgrimage known as Jazia Tax came into existence. Society suffered under the yoke of foreign rule.

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Social Evils and Reform of Tulsidas

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???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??

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?????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????

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????? ?????????

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????? ?????????

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JAT AGITATION: AN OVERVIEW

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JAT AGITATION: AN OVERVIEW

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CROP COMBINATION AND CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN CHANDAULI DISTRICT, U.P.: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

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CROP COMBINATION AND CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN CHANDAULI DISTRICT, U.P.: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

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