Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

A mobile ad-hoc network (MAN) is a multi-hop wireless network made up of mobile nodes with constrained memory, computing power, and battery life. Because the nodes act as both end devices and routers, MANET routing is different from that in standard broadcasting networks. A few routing protocols have been proposed lately for conceivable organization of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) in military, government and business applications. In this paper, survey on these protocols with a specific spotlight on security viewpoints and protocols contrast as far as routing philosophies and the information used to pursue routing choices. Secure ad hoc networks need to meet five security prerequisites: confidentiality, integrity, authentication, non-repudiation and availability. The examinations of the solid versions of the proposed protocols are surveyed about concerning the above security requirements.

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 Keywords

Mobile Ad hoc network, Routing protocols, Security, Wireless systems, Mobile routing

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Introduction: Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly which may be isolated or present as part of a poly-malformative syndrome. Case report: A 33-year-old female presented with chronic dyspnoea since childhood. Clinical examination revealed auscultatory silence and dullness on percussion of the left hemithorax. A chest X-ray showed an opaque left lung. Chest CT revealed left pulmonary agenesis associated with persistence of the left superior vena cava, draining the homolateral jugulo-subclavian venous confluence, as well as the accessory hemi-azygos and the hemi-azygos veins, and terminating inferiorly in the right atrium. Hypoplasia of the azygos vein was noted. Discussion: Pulmonary agenesis had an incidence of 1.2 per 100,000 births in the literature It is sometimes associated with anomalies of the azygos venous system. However, association with the persistence of a left inferior vena cava is much rarer.

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Pulmonary agenesis, persistent left superior vena cava, azygos veinous system anomaly

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Energy-Aware Channel Hopping with Adaptive Power Control (EACH-APC) introduces a novel approach to bolster physical layer security in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This algorithm dynamically optimizes channel hopping decisions and transmission power, leveraging real-time assessments of energy levels and security considerations. By integrating adaptive power control, EACH-APC strikes a harmonious balance between energy efficiency and robust security, contributing to the extended operational lifespan of WSNs in resource-constrained environments.

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 Keywords

Wireless Sensor Networks, Physical Layer Security, Energy-Aware Channel Hopping, Adaptive Power Control, Security Optimization

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Dry seeds of Brassica campestris (2n=20) were irradiated with different doses (control, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%) of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS). The aim of the study is to determine the induction of some physiological variations like seed germination and plant survival rate. Maximum reduction of seed germination was observed at 0.20% and 0.25%. Result showed that the Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) affected germination and plant survival rate. On 8th DAG 99% for control, 98% for 0.05% EMS, 92% for 0.10% EMS, 92% for 0.15% EMS, 89% for 0.20% EMS and lowest 85% for 0.25% EMS.No stimulating effect of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) was observed at any dose.

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Keywords: EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate), Brassicaceae, Germination, Survival rate.

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Daughters have a huge contribution in making the present India, in improving the economy, in giving a new identity in the fields of sports, science and culture. It is very important to discuss this topic very seriously. Only when women are empowered, only India will be strong and only when India is empowered, only then the dream of Developed India 2047 will be realized.

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Empowered women for empowered and developed India

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The aim of this paper is to explore the notion of vague sets and to define a new class of vague generalized ? closed sets in topological spaces and investigate their properties

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Vague set, Vague topology, Vague generalized ? closed set, Vague point

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In this dissertation, we have studied the diverse examples illustrating the application of Brooks' Theorem in graph theory, elucidating its role in determining chromatic numbers for various graph structures and also the Johan colouring determining its rainbow neighbourhood

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Graph, colouring, edge, vertices, chromatic number, Brook's theorem, Johan colouring, Rainbow Neighbourhood.

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Resume screening is an important task in the recruitment process, and machine learning techniques have shown great promise in automating this task. However, most of the existing research in this area has focused on supervised learning algorithms, which rely on labeled data for training. While supervised learning can be effective, it has several limitations in the context of resume screening. First, obtaining labeled data can be time consuming and expensive, especially for smaller companies with limited resources. Second, labeled data may not always be available or may not be representative of the entire pool of resumes. Finally, supervised learning algorithms may be biased towards the labels in the training data, which can lead to inaccurate or unfair results. To address these limitations, this paper proposes the use of unsupervised learning algorithms for resume screening. Unsupervised learning algorithms do not require labeled data for training, and can identify patterns and structures in the data without external guidance. In the context of resume screening, unsupervised learning algorithms can be used to cluster resumes based on their similarities, and identify important keywords and phrases that can be used to rank and filter.

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Resume screening, Machine learning techniques, Supervised learning, Unsupervised learning, Clustering algorithms, Data preprocessing, Feature extraction, K-means clustering, Hierarchical clustering, Evaluation metrics, Silhouette score, Inertia metric, Natural Language Processing (NLP).

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Employing PySpark dataframes for analysis of the US domestic flight dataset. The goal of this is to forecast which flight and/or airline will most likely experience delays or cancellations.UsingPyspark,abigdatatechnologytool,wecanthereforeworkwithRDDs/Dataframes/DatasetsinPython.Inthisanalysiswillhelpusfindout what are the top airlines with the maximum delays/cancellations in the US.Also, this project will investigate whether there are any factors that cause flightdelays/cancellations. Further, this project predicts if a flight will get cancelled ornot. Machine learning approaches were used to model a binary classification problem using categorical variables, logistic regression, decision tree classifier, random forest, and gradient boosted tree in order to construct the predictory system.

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HIGH CLOUD AIRLINES

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This project introduces a real-time embedded Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication System using Arduino units, Zigbee modules, GSM connectivity, and various sensors. It aims to bolster road safety, aid breakdown assistance, and facilitate critical information exchange during emergencies. By employing Zigbee technology, seamless communication between vehicles is established. In instances such as breakdowns, accidents, or roadblocks, drivers can activate switches to instantly alert nearby vehicles, enhancing overall safety. Ultrasonic sensors monitor fuel levels and distances, allowing for convenient location of fuel stations. In emergencies, automatic GSM alerts containing the location and type of emergency are dispatched, ensuring swift response from authorities or nearby drivers. Vibration sensors detect road obstacles, while IR sensors help detect pedestrians and vehicles in blind spots. Additionally, MQ3 Alcohol gas sensors detect alcohol levels in drivers' breath, triggering automatic alerts. LCDs provide real-time updates on fuel levels, emergency alerts, and obstacle warnings, making transportation safer and more efficient.

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Arduino, LCD, Zigbee, GSM, Ultrasonic sensor, IR Sensor, Red LED, Buzzer, MQ3 Alcohol Gas sensor

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The most traditional technique for isolating phytoconstituents from plant extract is column chromatography. Column chromatography is a very inefficient method that can cause any process to stall out rapidly. This led to the invention of flash chromatography, a revolutionary preparative liquid chromatography method in which the mobile phase flows downward under positive air pressure. Flash chromatography is based on an air pressure system that combines short and medium column chromatography, and is designed to make the purification of synthetic products quick and simple. This method of preparative liquid chromatography is straightforward, quick, and affordable. In previous years, the use of such systems for the separation of complicated natural product combinations, like extracts, was disregarded; however, these days, flash chromatography is becoming more and more popular for the separation and isolation of phytopharmaceuticals from plant extract. For such ingredients, it has proven particularly challenging to purify a number of phytopharmaceuticals using traditional methods. The preferred technique is flash chromatography. This article focuses on the new Flash Chromatography method for isolating phytopharmaceuticals. .

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Flash chromatography, Phyto-pharmaceuticals, Separation and isolation, Natural products.

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The advancement of women in STEM education is not just an academic goal but also a transforming force in Tamil Nadu's dynamic environment. Women's contributions to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields break through gender stereotypes and promote variety, creativity, and advancement in society. Tamil Nadu can unleash a vast unrealized potential by fostering the intellectual power of women in STEM fields. This will create a harmonious synergy that will drive the state towards a future where innovation transcends gender boundaries. Thus, women's contributions to STEM education serve as a beacon pointing the way to a society that is more progressive, educated, and egalitarian.

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STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)

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This paper proposed IoT based solar powered water quality monitoring and purification of water. Nowadays we are facing water problems due to due to the pollution of water in rivers and lakes. So, to overcome this problem and to see if the water is good for using or not, we have thought about a certain system which can measure the quality of water and check whether it's useful or not. To examine the safe supply of water, the quality of water needs to be monitored in real time. In this paper we develop and design a system for real time monitoring for water monitoring using IOT (Internet of things). The proposed system consists of some sensors that are used to measure the parameters of the water. The parameters used in this system are conductivity, turbidity and pH value using solar panel and purification of water. The measured values can be processed by using ESP8266. Finally, the device information is shipped or delivered to web or cloud server using ESP8266 and Blynk Cloud.

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ESP8266, pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Solar Panel, Water Purifier, IoT

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With technological advancements, real-time automation systems now require flawless data flow over wireless sensor networks. In the future, it appears that wireless sensor networks, or WSN, will cover the entire earth's surface. WSN currently plays a dominating role in the IoT for primary data gathering. But the focus now has shifted from typical scalar wireless sensors to Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs), which consist of various multimedia devices that can extract scalar sensor data along with video, audio, and image data. WMSNs are designed to provide multimedia content due to the accessibility of low-cost CMOS cameras and microphones, as well as the substantial advancements in distributed signal processing and multimedia source coding techniques. This paper has been proposed to complete a thorough survey of WMSNs from different aspects. The detailed survey present in this work will be useful for researchers working in this area for future development in the given area.

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Keywords: Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks, Protocols, Medium Access Control, QoS.

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This research paper explores the dynamic impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the contemporary job market. Spanning from the conceptualization of AI to its diverse applications in our economy, the study meticulously analyzes the strengths and drawbacks of AI, offering insights into their specific applications. The research critically examines whether AI truly brings positive changes to the economy by analysing its impact in various industries. By delving into various industries, the paper assesses the extent to which AI can be seamlessly added into specific roles or if there still remains an essential human requirement in those jobs. This investigation aims to provide nuanced perspectives on the evolving relationship between AI and the job market, contributing to a deeper understanding of its implications for our economy.

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artficial intelligence

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Sustainable leadership can be achieved only when teams perform with high energy levels consistently. Resilience framework covers four categories - Physical, Mental, Social and emotional resilience. A resilient leader is one who exhibits resilience for survival, stability and growth for both self and team. Job life turning to be one of the stressor in life in present world, nurturing resilient leadership can bring back the positive work culture improving productivity and efficiency. This study aims at understanding the resilient leadership style of Generation Y/ Millennials working in private companies in Chennai.

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Reslience Leadership, Millenial leaders, Positive Leadership, Resilience framework

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Pharmaceutical industry has a progressively multifaceted and energetic environment with some differences in the current years and this probably tends to continue for maximizing use of resources with highest levels of investments. Integrated management systems enhance organizations' performance through the management philosophy that allows the processes to be managed successfully and attain the desired results. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of workplace environment on development of integrated safety management system in pharmaceutical industries, review the key elements of integrated safety management system and describe benefits of implementation. The method used in this study was descriptive method making a simple random sampling conducted through gap analysis feasible to describe the actual requirements based on ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, ISO 45001:2018 and cGMP for seven pharmaceutical companies from industrial zone in Alexandria, Egypt. The results revealed that the integrated management system has a constructive impact on production, employees, market, management, environment and occupational health & safety procedures. Gap analysis showed fluctuation over implementation of elements of the integrated management system. Also, the study illustrated that the developing management philosophy be situated internalized by executive managers and other employees has positive impact on sustainable development in addition to provide many benefits to organization. Thus, it can be concluded that integrated management systems (IMS) of quality, environment, and safety can pose significant competitive advantages for the companies. The main benefits of these types of systems are improvement for performance, also reduction of costs and time for implementation. The resistance to change is the greatest difficulty for these firms. These difficulties are resistance from employees and lack of top management commitment, and understanding of international standards.

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 Keywords

Safety, Workplace Environment, Pharmaceutical Industries, Integrated Safety Management, Integrated Management System

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In the medical realm, there are different types of modalities and in that computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are combined to provide a fused image. Image fusion (IF) is a technique for merging relevant information from different images like MRI and CT of the same part of the body into a single fused image. In this work, brain MRI and CT images are fused together and will be classified as normal or abnormal. If the network is detected as abnormal, the part of the tumor region is detected. This process is done by using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), You Only Look Once (YOLO) architecture and Image Fusion (IF) techniques. The experimental results are evaluated and give metric values. IF is a technique which is used for combining data from more than one image to provide much better images than single images. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a Deep Learning algorithm which can take in fused image and give importance to various aspects in the image. The processing required in a Convolution Neural Network is much lower as compared to other Deep Learning algorithms. The You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm is commonly used for real-time object detection. This gives better accuracy for speed-moving objects.

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 Keywords

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), Image Fusion (IF), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), You only look once (YOLO)

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The project proposes the development of a smart infant incubator monitoring and control system that uses IoT technology to customize the care and monitoring of premature and critically ill newborns. As the system is interfaced with advanced sensors, actuators, and connective solutions to create a smart and responsive incubator environment. The system adopts with some key components such as temperature and humidity sensor for precise check of environmental conditions, gas sensor, heartbeat sensor, sound sensor and accelerometer to monitor the infant's conditions inside the incubator and actuators such as Peltier module and humidifier are integrated to adjust the environmental conditions according to the threshold range on the processed sensor data. An LCD display provides the local feedback, while buzzer alerts the caretakers at time of critical periods. These sensors collectively provide data for the parameters as a Wi-Fi enabled microcontroller such as Arduino Wi-Fi R3 is utilized to process and transmit data which also communicates with cloud based IoT platforms. IoT application was developed using Thing speak to build an ideal communication through a Wi-Fi module, Healthcare providers can regularly monitor the infant's condition through a designed web or mobile interface. The developed IoT interface provides real-time data acquisition, and the system incorporates automated alert mechanism by integrating a GSM module. In the matter of change in normalities beyond the threshold ranges, an automated alert message will be forwarded to the attentive doctor or caretaker through GSM.

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 Keywords

Arduino Wi-Fi R3, GSM, IoT (Thing speak), Peltier Module, sensor data acquisition, sensor data communication.

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 Abstract

The conflict values are the source of many conflicts and problems in contemporary world. In contrast to the traditional conflict of values, the contemporary conflict is distinguished by extensiveness, complicatedness, profoundness and continuousness. Traditionally, war has been understood as evolving state pitted against each other in armed combat over conflicting interests with the state resorting to violence. The changing nature of armed conflict explains how since the end of Cold War, the nature of warfare and its conduct had been challenged by various notable developments. This paper of mine will focus on the changing contour of armed conflict and its results in contemporary politics

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Conflict, traditional war, combat, armed conflict

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