Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Searching a suitable parking space in populated metropolitan city is extremely difficult for drivers. Serious traffic congestion may occur due to unavailable parking space. Automatic smart parking system is emerging field and attracted computer vision researchers to contribute in this arena of technology. In this paper, we have presented a vision based smart parking framework to assist the drivers in efficiently finding suitable parking slot and reserve it. Initially, we have segmented the parking area into blocks using calibration. Then, classify each block to identify car and intimate the driver about the status of parking either reserved or free. Potentially, the performance accuracy of recommended system is higher than state of the art hardware solutions, validating the supremacy of the proposed framework. Finding a parking space nowadays becomes an issue that is not to be neglected, it consumes time and energy. We have used computer vision techniques to infer the state of the parking lot given the data collected from the University of The Witwatersrand.

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: smart parking management; automatic parking; slot recognition; parking space detection; machine learning.

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Abstract:- ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???-???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? '????? ???????' ?? ???? ???, ???? ????????? ???-??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???-??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??, ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? 50 ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???-??? ????? ????????, ??????? ??????, ???? ??????, ???????, ??.??. ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????-????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? 21???: ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ??, ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????

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- ????? ??????, ???????? ???????, ??????, ??????

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The human eye is the best organ that enables to see all around the environment. This eye may be compared to a camera in a sense that the image is created on the retinal of the eye; whereas in a traditional camera the image is formed on the film. The retinal is that the solely location where blood vessel can be directly captured. Retinal blood vessel is very important structures in retinal images. Automatic segmentation of the retinal blood vessel from retinal images would be a powerful and helpful tool for the medical diagnostics. So, the main purpose of the segmentation is to differentiate an object of the interest and the background from an image. This paper presents a general technique for segmenting out vascular structures in retinal images, and characterising the segmented blood vessels. Morphological preprocessing is used to emphasise linear structures such as vessels. Thresholding of the image is used to provide a segmented vascular mask. Frangi filters are used to enhance the blood vessel network prior to clustering. Most of the retinal blood vessel segmentation methodologies are evaluated on DRIVE and STARE databases. The proposed segmentation method is able to achieve comparable accuracy to other methods while being very close to the manual segmentation provided by the second observer in all datasets.

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Retinal blood vessels, Morphological preprocessing, Thresholding, Frangi filters

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The history of human rights dates all the way back to the beginning of time. The modern concept of human rights has developed over thousands of years. Human rights have existed for as long as mankind has, despite the fact that the term seems to have only recently emerged. Since the dawn of time, when man first lived in groups like families, clans, tribes, towns, or nations, human rights have existed in some form or another. They still exist now in the shape of a self-governing global community. 13 Human rights are the culmination of universal human principles that date back thousands of years, not just to the West or even the modern world.

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War captives, inherent, innate, unalienable, fundamental, human rights history, Indian perspective,

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Nanoparticles have been revolutionary in modern biology for many reasons. Different kinds of nanoparticles are catered for different uses, one of them being magnetic in nature. Out of many methods of synthesis of Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), microbial synthesis is safer and cost-effective. Microorganisms, showing a great deal of biodiversity, provide a range of options to manufacture MNPs. Moreover, MNPs could be produced by microbes in vast quantities and at a low cost. Additionally, biological methods for producing MNPs are eco-friendly and present chances for industrialization. Ferrite nanoparticles of size 128 nm are the most explored MNPs so far. They can be successfully implemented in wastewater treatment, cancer diagnosis and hyperthermia treatment. This review discusses the methods to prepare nanoparticles of iron nature and test its magnetic, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Bacillus subtilis strains were isolated from soil by serial dilution technique then cultured in a specific nutrient medium to allow growth of magnetic bacterial strains. Once magnetic bacterial strains are confirmed, they are centrifuged, diluted and finally tested by a magnet to analyze the attraction of synthesized MNPs. Furthermore, the synthesized MNPs are examined for antimicrobial activities against selective bacteria and also antioxidant activities.

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Bacillus subtilis, magnetic nanoparticles, ferrite nanoparticles, antibacterial

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Organizational effectiveness within the educational sector is a critical determinant of providing quality education. This paper aims to explore the relationship between organizational effectiveness and the delivery of quality education. It delves into the multifaceted aspects of organizational effectiveness, its measurement models, and the impact it has on ensuring and enhancing the quality of education. The paper also discusses the challenges posed by evolving educational paradigms, such as privatization, diverse student populations, and the need for adaptability in organizational structures. Moreover, it evaluates strategies and approaches aimed at improving organizational effectiveness to achieve and sustain quality education outcomes.

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Organizational Effectiveness, Quality Education, Measurement Models, Educational Paradigms, Challenges, Strategies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? (???????????)? ?(?????? ???????) ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??: ???? ???? ???? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???.

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???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????

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Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is an edible flower "The edible flower is defined as innocuous and non-toxic flowers with many health benefits included in human diet" (Lu, et al. 2016). The flowers of this plant are employed to develop a famous beverage in Egypt and are also used to formulate medicines. Different parts of the plant are also added in the development of jams, spices, soups and sauces. In foods and beverages, hibiscus rosa-sinensis is mostly used as a flavouring agent. It is additionally used to enhance the odour and appearance in multiple recipes. In this study ,the product named idli was developed by using fresh hibiscus flowers was subjected to sensory analysis. The panel members evaluated the samples for different sensory attributes. Nutritional composition of Fresh hibiscus flower based Idli also has been donefordifferent parameters. The result showed that type II idli based on hibiscus flower had highest value of moisture, fibre and ash (4.14, 1.02 and 2.87 %, respectively), whereas, protein (10.75 %) and fat (3.57%) were higher in control idli. ?- Carotene and vitamin C content was highest in type II hibiscus flower based idli. Iron ( 1.37 mg), zinc (0.11mg) and manganese (0.11mg) content were found maximum in type II idli based on hibiscus flower, while, control idli had maximum content of calcium (133.05 mg) In Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria the young leaves of hibiscus are commonly consumed as vegetable and add into functional foods (Udo, et al. 2016). Hibiscus flowers are highly used after harvesting and one such use is the extract of pigment from flowers. Fresh flowers are used as food coloring and as a component of vegetable salads.

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Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, sensory, nutritional, idli

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The Event Notifier Application is a dynamic and user-centric platform, designed to transform event management within educational institutions, comprising three distinct sections: Admin, Organizer, and Student, each tailored to specific roles and needs. Additionally, it introduces a Guest Login within the Student section, providing a comprehensive graphical view of college events. The Admin Section is where administrators control user accounts, review and publish event details from organizers, and manage their own profile information. The Organizer Section helps event organizers by making event management and promotion easy. It also ensures that event submissions meet quality and relevance standards by requiring administrator approval. The Student Section offers students a user-friendly platform to access information on upcoming college events, sending notifications and reminders to keep them informed and engaged. Guest Login in this section allows external users to gain insights into the types and frequency of college events. In conclusion, the Event Notifier Application aims to foster effective communication and engagement within educational institutions, benefiting administrators, organizers, and students in managing and staying updated with college happenings. This comprehensive platform serves as a central hub for seamless event coordination and interaction across the campus community.

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Seamless Event Updates,Tailored Information,College Event Details,Empowering Connections

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Objective: The current study investigated that defensive effect of ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalisleaves and Vigna radiata seeds on learning and memory functions in scopolamine induced memory deficits rats including the effects on various body organs. Methods: In scopolamine (SCO) induced cognitive deficit rat model Wistar albino rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into 7 groups (6 animals per group). After 30 days of treatment animals were at once scarified, the estimation of markers of oxidative stress in the brain was measured. The protective and cognitive enhancing effects of ROE&Vigna seed Extract (VRE) on cognitive shortfall rats induced by scopolamine were investigated by assessing the elevated plus maze, the passive avoidance test and the Morris water maze test. In order to prove the underlying mechanisms of memory enhancing effects of ROE and Vigna seed Extract (VRE), activities of AChE, oxidative stress markers such as GSH and MDA were measured. Results: ROE and VRE at a dose 200 mg/kg may be useful for the cognitive improvement via regulation of cholinergic marker enzyme activities and the antioxidant defense system in SCO induced cognitive deficit rats. ROE and VRE at a dose 200 mg/kg may be protective for the brain via antioxidant defense system in rats. In acute toxicity study oral dose of 2000 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract did not produce mortality or changes in the general behavior and gross appearance of internal organs of mice and rats. In sub acute toxicity study, ethanolic extract and methanolic extract was evaluated at 100, 200 or 1000 mg/kg/day, orally for 30 days in rats. Conclusion: These conclusions suggest the possible neuroprotective role for Rosmarinus officinalisand Vigna radiata, therefore it seems that Rosmarinus officinalis may show to be an anti Alzheimer mediator in view of its memory enhancing property observed in the present study.

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Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis(ROE), Vigna radiata Extract (VRE), Cognitive Functions, Scopolamine, TBARS, Memory.

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Lithium-ion batteries having high energy and power densities, fast depleting cost, and multifaceted technological improvement lead to the first choice for electric transportation systems. Electric batteries are being more broadly utilized within the car segment these days. as a result, the internal workings of these battery frameworks must be completely comprehended. there's as of now no precise show for foreseeing an electric car battery's state of wellbeing (soh). this venture points to utilize machine learning to create a dependable soh forecast show for batteries.broad recreations were performed to confirm the precision of the proposed technique. the machine learning (ml) calculation makes an awfully precise and reliable show for estimating battery wellbeing in real-world scenarios. In this project, Random Forest algorithm is used for training the model and predicting the state of the lithium batteries by entering its parameters. The Random Forest algorithm, chosen for its robustness and ability to handle complex relationships within the data, is employed to train the predictive model This model aims to give an accuracy of about 98%. Such accuracy is pivotal for EV Manufacturers and users alike, as it facilitates proactive maintenance, optimizing battery life, and ensuring the overall efficiency and sustainability of electric transportation systems.

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Electric Vehicles, Lithium-ion batteries, Machine learning, Random Forest Algorithm, State of health

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Social Accounting is a process that enables organizations to measure their social and environmental performances against their aims and objectives, assessing the true impact of their activities on stakeholders and the public. It goes by various names such as social accounting and auditing, social accountability, social and environmental accounting, corporate social reporting, corporate social responsibility reporting, non-financial reporting, and accounting. This approach provides tools and guidelines for collecting, analysing, and monitoring financial, social, and environmental data. The concept of 'social accounting' relates to how an organization interacts with its social surroundings. Today, most organizations provide information on their social performance to demonstrate to shareholders and the public that they are ethical and moral. An example is Reliance Industries Ltd, India's most valued company, which allocates substantial funds to CSR activities. The main aim of this study is to discuss the use of social accounting, involving the analysis of social accounting practices in Reliance Industries Ltd over a six-year period.

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social accounting, stakeholder, CSR, Reliance Industries Ltd

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A 46 yrs female patient suffering from swelling on left leg, blackish discoloration, and weakness from 6 days. No history of diabetes, hypertension or any other major illness. Diagnosis is Kaphaj shotha which is differentiated from other swellings. Patient had taken allopathic medicine for the same but was not relieved. She was admitted for Ayurvedic treatment. This case is treated with Jalukavacharan & Ayurvedic medicine, which gets relieved all symptoms and skin colour also. So, in this specific case we are got excellent results.

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Kaphaj Shotha, Jalukavacharan.

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Abstract This article is devoted to the development and improvement of the critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills approach to speaking competence learning activities, namely the speaking process. In that sense, the author of the given article considers critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills as instructional teaching strategies and techniques for communicative competence approaches and means of speaking competence development. The author also describes the estimation system of the given method and its content in the form of a systematic procedure and the theoretical principles of speaking competence learning using critical thinking and creative thinking as instructional teaching strategies. The aim of the given article is to develop a new instructional teaching strategy for better development of critical thinking and creativity thinking skills, especially in competence in speaking, based on unique "thinking outside the box" as a technique in learning. The author of the given article also developed and presented a notion called "problematizing situations" as an instructional strategy and theoretical category in the speaking activities learning process, comprising some theoretical aspects of the given communicative competence learning approach, including its own specifics and conceptual framework described in the given article. Problem-based speaking activities integrated with Blooms' taxonomy are also described by the authors of the given article as a technique in speaking activity learning, especially for experimental groups, while text-book-based speaking activities are for control group students. The notion of "problematizing situations "presents concepts, ideas, and basic principles of critical thinking and creative thinking approaches to developing speaking competence in the form of several instructional strategies and theoretical aspects.

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Keywords: "problematizing situations; teaching speaking; instructional strategies; communicative competence; speaking competence.

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International trade has emerged as a transformative force in the global economic landscape, extending its influence across nations, economies, and sectors. While historically dominated by vast multinational conglomerates, the contemporary international trade ecosystem increasingly witnesses the active participation of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). This study explores the intertwined relationship between MSMEs and international trade, journeying through its historical underpinnings, milestones, challenges, and prospects. The paper commences with an overview of ancient trade systems, highlighting how the initial patterns set the stage for more intricate trade networks during the Age of Discovery. As we transition into the two distinct waves of globalisation, the dynamics of international trade undergo substantial shifts, influenced by geopolitical events, technological advancements, and evolving economic paradigms. Central to this narrative is the role of MSMEs, which, despite their smaller scale, have displayed an undeniable potential to influence and benefit from global trade. The paper delves into the multifaceted challenges these entities face, encompassing financial constraints, regulatory bottlenecks, technological adaptability issues, and the perennial quest for skilled labour. While daunting, these challenges are not insurmountable, as evidenced by the slew of national and international initiatives to bolster MSME participation in global trade. The World Trade Organization, through initiatives like the Informal Working Group on MSMEs, the Aid for Trade program, and others, epitomises the global commitment to facilitating an inclusive trade environment. However, the interplay of MSMEs in international trade isn't limited to challenges alone. The research underscores the plethora of opportunities that global trade offers MSMEs, ranging from expanded market access and diversification avenues to technological collaborations. Moreover, the surge of e-commerce and digital platforms heralds a new era where MSMEs, even in remote areas, can easily tap into the global market. The study accentuates the importance of a synergised approach involving policymakers, trade organisations, financial institutions, and the MSMEs to harness international trade's potential fully. As the global trade landscape evolves, proactive strategies, informed decision-making, and collaborative efforts will ensure that MSMEs navigate the challenges and thrive in the global marketplace.

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WTO, Small Enterprise, MSMEs, International Trade, International Commerce, Intellectual Trade Property, TRIPS.

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In 21st century, The world has witnessed revolution and rapid changes in information and communication technology. Blended learning is an approach that based on the philosophy of the integration of two or more method of interaction in teaching learning situations & it also depends upon the pace of learner's interests & motivation. In this present study it revealed that the blended teaching learning approach have an magnificent effect on increasing in the achievements scores & also the interest of the pupil teacher. It shows a positive impact on adopting the blended learning approach among pupil teacher rather than adopting a single method of interactions. while imparting teaching through LMS(Learning Management system) The pupil teacher had shown a positive attitude towards the use of Blended learning approach.

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Blended learning, Achievements, Attitudes, Pupil Teacher,LMS.

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This study aims atfinding out the SERVQUAL gap that leads to educational institutions' service offering to be ineffectivein Varanasi. The study employs SERVQUAL model that has been modified for use in educational institutions. The model encompassesassurance,empathy, responsiveness,reliability and tangibles dimensions of "service quality".The study is quantitative in nature.To collect data from respondents, convenience sampling technique was used. Data was collected from 150 participants at the Varanasi schools. The results indicate thatin assurance,reliability andtangibilitydimensions, the students' typically had high expectations and the assurance dimensionshowed the largest perception gap. Administration of educational institutions will benefit from the study as it will prove to be useful in figuring outeconomicalsolutions tominimisegaps in "service quality".

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students'satisfaction",educational institution,"service quality", SERVQUAL

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This journal explores the historical perspective of the Matua religion's impact on the upliftment of the Indian Namasudra community in the post-independence period. Founded by Harichand Thakur in the late 19th century, the Matua movement sought to address the socio-economic, educational, and cultural challenges faced by the marginalized Namasudras. The post-independence era presented a complex landscape for the Namasudra community, grappling with historical discrimination and economic marginalization. The Matua religion emerged as a guiding force, advocating for land reforms, economic empowerment, educational initiatives, and cultural revival. This abstract provides an overview of the socio-historical context, highlighting the transformative role of the Matua movement in reshaping the destiny of the Namasudra community. The subsequent sections delve into the specific dimensions of socio-economic upliftment, educational empowerment, cultural renaissance, and the challenges and triumphs encountered on this journey towards a more inclusive and equitable society.

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Namasudra, Matua, Harichand Thakur, Guruchand Thakur, Community empowerment, Land reforms, Political mobilization, Resilience.

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Sequence related to gene expression revolves the human body plays energetic role to inquire and enquiry all the day today activities. The spirited action towards the gene sequence can be varied based on protein, nulcilods, and soon. Sequence can be arrayed to perform some task or work evolved around the human body to transform and transplant the energy as such required. Cutting edge gene sequence is traced for quarrying, which are related to the operation as intron and extron operation. Bioscience related learning sequence is planned and applied to integrated the gene expression to dispute its recommended survive. Integral view and analysis of the fields and its future are learned in a deep manner to sustain the resultant factor in an easy way. The central focuses towards the bioscience with its parameters are applied to expose an insistent requirement of slotted gene to transform the energy between cells to interrogate or fulfill the energy consumption in prerequisite approach

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Data Analyses, Data Mining, Bioscience, Integral View, Sequence Patterns.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The escalation of occupational stress and the concomitant reduction in personal leisure time have contributed to an increased reliance on medications and drugs. These pharmaceuticals serve as pivotal resources for preserving human life, especially in critical medical situations. To ensure a consistent and high-quality supply of medications, regular monitoring is imperative. Despite the multitude of medications stocked in stores, instances of theft, expiration, or misplacement are prevalent, often driven by personal avarice. In order to avert such circumstances and safeguard patient lives, the implementation of a Drug and Medicine Monitoring Model is recommended. This model leverages RFID and IoT technology to meticulously monitor the inventory of drugs and medicines within the store. Through the deployment of this system, pharmacists or hospitals gain comprehensive insights into the availability, quality, location, and safety of medications and drugs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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RFID, Blockchain

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition