Volume 14 | Issue 2

 Abstract

India's gig economy is expanding at a fast rate as it is providing certain flexibilities to workers and now emerged as a point of discussion among policymakers. However, the compatibility of the gig economy with sustainable development goals is a largely untouched area of research in terms of policy compliance. The existing research is primarily focused on the implications of the gig economy in terms of jobs and working conditions, without addressing the research gap on the compatibility of gig economy governance with the SDGs, leaving the area ripe for further inquiry. This paper addresses this gap by examining the policy dealing with the gig economy in India against the selected SDG targets, namely SDG 8.5, SDG 8.8, SDG 10.4, and SDG 16.6. The study uses a qualitative analysis of secondary data sources, which includes labour legislation, government policy documents, SDG indicator frameworks, and international labour standards. Major policy guidelines for gig economy or platform workers were identified against the Sustainable Development targets through an alignment scorecard. The result shows that the Indian policy for the gig economy was able to identify gig economy work, but there is only partial and uneven alignment as per the SDGs. Social protection measures are divided and lack unity; labour laws are not enforceable, and institutional coordination is poor. The paper suggests that without specific integration of SDG into gig economy governance, serious risks regarding regulation will continue instead of contributing to sustainable development. It concludes with the targeted policy recommendations to improve the SDG compatibility of gig economy regulation in India.

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Gig economy; Sustainable Development Goals; Labour regulation; Social protection.

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English pronunciation plays a critical role in effective communication, yet many learners face challenges due to regional accents, lack of feedback, and limited access to guided learning. With advancements in artificial intelligence and speech processing, this paper presents AuraVoice, an AI- powered application designed to detect and correct pronunciation errors in real-time. The system integrates speech recognition, phoneme analysis, and feedback delivery using tools like the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary, Levenshtein Distance, Librosa, and gTTS. A mobile-friendly interface is developed using Flutter, with backend support from Flask and SQLite. This platform offers an interactive, scalable solution for self-paced spoken English improvement. It promotes accessible learning through intuitive feedback mechanisms and offline capability. The paper also discusses limitations in existing systems and proposes enhancements using intelligent algorithms, aiming to transform digital language learning into a more engaging, efficient, and personalized experience.

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Pronunciation, Speech Recognition, AI in Education, CMUdict, Flutter, Levenshtein Distance

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Leadership is a fundamental element in the effective functioning of educational institutions. School heads, principals, and academic administrators influence institutional success through their leadership approach, decision-making style, and interaction with teachers and staff. This review paper examines different leadership styles practiced in educational institutions, such as transformational, transactional, democratic, autocratic, instructional, and distributed leadership. The study is based on secondary data collected from published research articles, books, and academic reports. The review highlights the influence of leadership styles on teacher motivation, organizational culture, and institutional performance. The study concludes that participative and adaptive leadership styles are more effective in achieving sustainable educational outcomes.

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Educational Leadership, Leadership Styles, Institutional Effectiveness, Instructional Leadership, Academic Administration

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Chadha, Satbir. Hills and Lakes. Virasaat Art Publication, 2024. Hills and Lakes by Satbir Chadha: Care, Consciousness, and the Fragile Architecture of Human Bonds Dr. Ritu Kamra Kumar Abstract This paper offers a critical reading of Satbir Chadha's Hills and Lakes (2024), situating the novel within the ethical and psychological traditions of the English domestic novel. Drawing upon E. M. Forster's theory of character and Virginia Woolf's representation of caregiving consciousness, the study examines how Chadha privileges moral attentiveness over formal complexity. The novel's episodic, picaresque structure foregrounds lived experience across multiple geographies while maintaining care as its central thematic concern. The paper argues that Satya's transformation--from nurturer to the nurtured--constitutes the novel's most significant ethical reversal, foregrounding mental health, vulnerability, and reciprocity. While the novel engages with social concerns such as terrorism, ecological degradation, and gendered precarity, it resists sensationalism through restrained diction and diary-like narration. The paper also interrogates the relative flatness of secondary characters, noting the absence of surprising psychological development as both a limitation and a deliberate ethical choice. Ultimately, the study positions Hills and Lakes as a compassionate realist narrative that affirms care as both sustaining force and existential burden in contemporary life.

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Keywords: Ethical, psychological, caregiving, consciousness, mental wellness

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Abstract The Mahanubhava Panth, a lesser-known monotheistic tradition originating in 13th-century Maharashtra, offers a unique blend of moral discipline, spiritual devotion, and social reform. Founded by Bhagwan Shri Chakradhar Swami, the Panth emphasizes ethical living, equality, simplicity, and unwavering devotion to Lord Krishna in his five divine incarnations. Its teachings advocate detachment from worldly desires, self-control, and adherence to seven prohibitions that safeguard moral and social harmony. The Panth's rich cultural heritage includes rituals, festivals, and community practices that foster unity, spiritual growth, and ethical awareness. In contemporary Telangana, ashrams and youth programs continue to propagate these values, highlighting the Panth's enduring relevance. This study explores the moral, spiritual, historical, and ritualistic dimensions of the Mahanubhava Panth, demonstrating its potential contribution to modern ethical and spiritual life.

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Mahanubhava Panth, Chakradhar Swami, Moral and Spiritual Philosophy, Devotional Practices, Societal Well-being

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Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for enabling timely intervention and improving patient outcomes. This project proposes a Hybrid ANN-Ensemble Model for Early Alzheimer's Disease Detection that integrates Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) with advanced ensemble learning techniques to enhance predictive accuracy and robustness. The proposed system utilizes multi-model input data, including neuro imaging features, cognitive assessment scores, and relevant clinical parameters, to perform comprehensive analysis and early-stage classification. The ensemble component is incorporated to reduce overfitting and improve generalization, while the ANN model captures complex nonlinear relationships within high-dimensional medical data. Advanced preprocessing techniques such as feature selection, normalization, and dimensionality reduction are applied to optimize model performance while maintaining computational efficiency. Model validation is performed using cross-validation techniques to ensure reliability and stability. Performance is evaluated using standard metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC). Compared to conventional single-model approaches, the proposed hybrid framework demonstrates improved sensitivity in detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a critical precursor to Alzheimer's disease. The system functions as an intelligent decision-support tool, assisting clinicians in early diagnosis, risk assessment, and timely clinical intervention.

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Alzheimer's Disease, Early Detection, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Ensemble Learning, Hybrid Model, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Machine Learning, Neuro imaging Analysis, Clinical Decision Support System, Predictive Modeling.

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E-learning also known as online teaching and learning continues to shape the education landscape globally. Yet most Kenyan universities continue to face significant challenges in adopting and sustaining the approach. This scoping review analysed existing literature to establish challenge to effective intergration of online learning in Kenya's higher education institutions. Science Direct, JSTOR, PubMed, Academia. Edu and Research Gate databases were used to search for articles using identified search terms. These data bases were chosen for their extensive coverage of research articles. Articles that were published between the years 2015-2025 were considered for review. English, open-access, and free full-text articles were reviewed. The search was done in January 2026. The common challenges identified include inadequate technological infrastructure, limited internet connectivity, high costs of data, and insufficient access to digital devices among students and faculty. Pedagogical barriers such as limited digital literacy, lack of training for faculty, and difficulties in adapting traditional curricula to online formats further constrained implementation. Institutional and policy-related issues, including inconsistent government support, weak regulatory frameworks, and financial constraints, exacerbated these difficulties. The review highlights the inequalities, which hinder equitable participation in online education. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that more investment is required in technological infrastructure and capacity-building initiatives for faculty and students to enhance online learning in higher education institutions.

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Challenges, online learning, e-learning, universities, Kenya

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Nabakanta Barua, a prominent and pioneer in Assamese Children's Literature, beautifully weaves educational and moral dimensions into his whimsical and imaginative stories. Through his works such as Hiyali Palegoi Ratanpur, Akhoror Jokhola, Monot Porar Hobdo, Vot-U-Kare Vu, Kishur Upanishad, Barua employs humor, satire and absurdity to impart life lessons and ethical values to young readers. Additionally, in some of his works such as Mur Kitap, and Leseri Butola Barua tries to teach Assamese alphabets, various insects and different color names and general knowledge which help young readers to shape their cognitive, social and emotional development. His characters and narratives reflect universal truths, encouraging critical thinking, empathy and a sense of justice. Barua's stories mainly focus on themes like courage, honesty, empathy, love and the consequences of greed making them both engaging and instructive. This paper explores how Nabakanta Barua's unique mix of fantasy and realism serves as a powerful tool for moral and intellectual development, reflecting his enduring relevance in Assamese Children's literature. By exploring specific examples from his works, this study shows how Barua's storytelling transcends mere entertainment, offering timeless lessons that resonate with readers across generations.

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Nabakanta Barua, Assamese Literature, Children's Literature, satire, moral dimensions, education.

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The growing prominence of India's Generation Z marks a significant shift in the landscape of political engagement, reshaping how young citizens interpret, debate and engage with political issues. The paper titled, "Virtual and Real: An Examination of India's Gen Z Political Consciousness, Participation and Perception in the Digital Age", explores the political consciousness, participation and perception of India's Gen Z. The data is collected from 205 participants, comprising students across various educational institutions as well as working professionals of India through self-administered survey questionnaire. Quantitative research methodology is used to analyze the data. The findings suggest that while Gen Z are politically conscious and have high interest in politics, their political engagement often remains confined to virtual environment. Their online as well as offline political participation is limited. They have certain kind of perception towards politics. It follows that India's Gen Z represents a digitally aware yet institutionally detached generation. The democratic process will only be strengthened if online interest and activity can be transformed into consistent, real-world civic participation. This research highlights the need to strengthen Gen Z- driven democratic participation in the digital age.

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Generation Z, Political Consciousness, Political Participation, Political Perception, Digital Native

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The Smart Agricultural Management System for Small-Scale Farmers in India is an Android-based dual-application platform built to empower rural farmers through direct digital market access. By connecting farmers and consumers without intermediaries, the system ensures fair trade, better profit margins for farmers, and fresh, affordable produce for buyers. Developed using Java/XML and powered by Firebase Authentication, Realtime Database, and Cloud Storage, the platform offers two distinct mobile apps one for farmers and another for consumers. Farmers can easily create accounts, list agricultural products with details such as name, price, quantity, and image, and manage inventory in real time. Consumers can browse nearby farms, view available produce, place orders, and pay securely through the integrated Razorpay payment gateway. The system maintains data consistency across all users through Firebase's cloud synchronization, enabling reliable access even in low-bandwidth rural conditions. This project represents a significant step toward digital agriculture (AgriTech) by merging e-commerce principles with cloud technology. It promotes transparency, reduces wastage, and strengthens rural economies by facilitating direct farm-to-consumer transactions. The solution is scalable, low-cost, and designed for real-world deployment across India's small and marginal farmer communities.

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Smart Agriculture, Farmer-Customer Marketplace, Firebase Real-time Database, Cloud Storage, Razorpay Payment Gateway, Android Application, Java/XML, Direct Farm-to-Consumer, Digital Farming, AgriTech Innovation.

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hairIsAnEssentialAppendageOfTheSkinComposedPrimarilyOfKeratinAFibrousStructuralProteinItOriginatesFromHairFolliclesLocatedInTheDermalLayerHairNotOnlyEnhancesPhysicalAppearanceButAlsoProvidesProtectionAgainstUltravioletUVRadiationDustAndEnvironmentalPollutants theHairGrowthCycleConsistsOfThreeDistinctPhasesAnagenGrowthPhaseCatagenTransitionalPhaseAndTelogenRestingPhaseDisruptionInThisCycleMayLeadToAlopeciaACommonDermatologicalConditionCharacterizedByHairLossApproximately50OfTheMalePopulationExperiencesSomeDegreeOfAlopeciaDuringTheirLifetimeMakingItASignificantMedicalAndCosmeticConcern lantanaCamaraLinnFamilyVerbenaceaeIsAWidelyCultivatedOrnamentalPlantBearingClustersOfYellowPinkOrangeOrRedFlowersTheTermLantanaIsDerivedFromTheLatinWordLentoMeaningToBendTraditionallyItsLeavesHaveBeenUsedForTheirAntispasmodicAntibacterialAndAntifungalPropertiesWhileTheStemHasBeenUsedForMaintainingOralHygieneDueToThePresenceOfVariousPhytoconstituentsThePlantMayPossessPotentialHairGrowthPromotingActivity

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Camara Lantana Linn, ANOVA, Alopecia, Soxhlet Apparatus , Maceration, hair growth

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The present paper focuses on the projection of marginalized Indian in Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger on account of caste and class and the ways of overcoming the exploitation and getting empowered. The title of this novel indicates the protagonist as well as the narrator, Balram Halwai. Though he is impoverished, he is unique, talented, and courageous when compared to others. On account of his family condition, he stops going to school and starts working with his elder brother in a tea shop, where he eavesdrops on the conversation of the customers, with which he elevates his life. In this novel, Adiga portrays two sides of India, such as dark and light. People who live in the light are rich, and lead a contented life by dominating the poor people. They never wish to increase the salary of their servants but, to lead a peaceful life, they bribe the higher officials to hide their illegal activities. On the other hand, many people in India live in darkness by serving the rich. They remain as servants throughout their lives due to their honesty and timidity. Often, they are mortified and suppressed by the rich but they could not go against them by expressing their anger because they know that if they do so, the rich will attack their family members. But Balram defies this ideology by refusing to endure humiliation and suppression. He determines to overcome his fear and takes a bold risk of murdering his employer, Ashok in his pursuit of success and liberation.

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Marginalization, dominating, humiliated, darkness, suppression

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Ethical competence is a defining attribute of professional nursing, guiding decision-making, clinical judgment, and compassionate practice. As nursing roles expand in complexity, structured moral education becomes increasingly essential. This systematic review compiles evidence published between 2000 and 2025 on how moral development theories, instructional strategies, and experiential learning shape ethical preparedness among nursing students. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar using a PRISMA 2020-aligned process. Sixty-two studies met inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that classical theories of moral development--particularly those of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan--continue to anchor ethics education, while modern approaches such as simulation, case-based learning, reflective practice, and digital methodologies significantly enhance moral sensitivity. Barriers identified include inconsistent curriculum structure, gaps in faculty preparation, cultural differences in ethical expectations, and challenges in evaluating ethical competence. The review underscores the necessity of embedding ethics throughout nursing curricula, strengthening experiential opportunities, and preparing educators to teach ethics in culturally diverse settings. Future directions point to the growing value of virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and global health ethics in shaping future-ready practitioners.

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ethical education; nursing students; moral development; moral sensitivity; simulation; reflective practice

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Abstract "Dhara?ad dharma ityahu? dharmo dharayate praja?" (That which sustains and upholds society is called Dharma) - Mahabharata, Karna Parva 69.58 This chapter explores the foundational role of Dharma as an ethical compass in leadership and governance, with rich insights drawn from the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Arthashastra. In ancient Indian civilization, Dharma was not confined to religious or ritualistic domains but served as the philosophical and practical basis of just rule, moral decision-making, and societal welfare. Through character-driven narratives of Rama's sacrifice, Krishna's strategic ethics, Yudhishthira's truth-bound dilemmas, and Chanakya's statecraft, the chapter highlights timeless principles of ethical leadership, contextual wisdom, and governance rooted in compassion and accountability. It further delves into the Gyaan Parampara -- traditional Indian modes of learning through oral traditions, mentor-disciple models, and storytelling -- which shaped the intellectual and moral training of ancient rulers and administrators. These insights are deeply relevant in the modern world where leadership often navigates grey zones of ethics, power, and public responsibility.

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Key words: Ancient Indian Philosophy, Arthashastra, Dharma, Ethical Leadership, Governance, Gyaan Parampara, Mahabharata and Ramayana

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Tourist ethnocentrism is a socio-psychological phenomenon that is related to in-group bias, where tourists favour the destinations of their own country of origin over those of other countries. Although a poignant factor, ethnocentrism about tourism has rarely been studied. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis, a change could be witnessed in the attitude of people all over the world and the change in their patterns of consumption. As the tourism industry was one of the most adversely affected industries during the pandemic, the connection between COVID-19 and tourism has been the subject matter of numerous studies. But researchers have seldom addressed the ethnocentrism aspect in tourist behaviour. This scoping review paper hereby focuses on building a conceptual understanding of ethnocentrism in tourist behaviour and attempts to determine areas for future studies. The articles found in OpenAlex and Scopus databases relating to tourist ethnocentrism in the last 10 years (i.e., from February 2014 to March 2024) have been identified using PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature review approach is used to ascertain the current state of research in this area. The conclusion of this study contributes to the field of tourism marketing and has implications for both domestic and international tourism. It shows that a substantial research gap exists in this area and suggests avenues for future studies, such as investigations into how ethnocentrism relates to sustainable tourism and cultural tourism.

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ethnocentrism, tourism, tourist ethnocentrism, tourism marketing

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Abstract The rapid advancement of digital technologies has transformed the way businesses communicate with consumers. Digital marketing has emerged as a strategic tool that enables firms to promote products and services through internet-based and electronic platforms. Unlike conventional marketing, digital marketing allows real-time interaction, performance tracking, personalization, and cost-efficient global outreach. This research paper examines major digital marketing channels, the extended digital marketing mix (7Ps), and their role in increasing product sales. The study also evaluates the comparative relevance of traditional and digital marketing approaches, highlights emerging trends such as artificial intelligence and influencer marketing, and discusses both advantages and limitations of digital strategies. The findings suggest that an integrated and strategically aligned digital marketing framework significantly enhances brand visibility, customer engagement, and revenue growth.

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Keywords: Digital Marketing, Marketing Mix, Online Channels, Sales Growth, Digital Strategy

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Women's health plays a pivotal role in maintaining family well-being and societal progress. Ayurveda, as a holistic medical science, provides extensive descriptions of gynecological disorders under Stree Roga and prescribed many therapeutic approaches for curing diseases of women. Stree suffers with many gynecological diseases including itching, foul smell, vaginal discharge, red or white, burning micturition, PCOD and Yoniarsha. Classical Ayurvedic management of these conditions primarily emphasizes Shodhana Chikitsa, especially Panchakarma therapy. A thorough review of classical Ayurvedic texts reveals that Panchakarma procedures such as Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Nasya, and Raktamokshana gives several health advantages as purification methods in gynecological disorders. Panchakarma pacify vitiated Doshas, maintain hygienic condition and detoxify body thus control pathological progression of various Stree roga. Here an attempt is made for the conceptual study and analyzing diseases of Stree roga. All the classical references regarding chikitsa of the same were collected and analyzed. Study of all these chikitsa sutra found beneficial which are directing towards single base line treatment of Panchakarma chikitsa. The present article reviews the role, rationale, and therapeutic relevance of Panchakarma in various Stree Roga conditions and highlights its preventive as well as curative potential.

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Ayurveda, Panchakarma Chikitsa, Stree Roga, Gynecological disorders

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This manuscript presents an original and analytical examination of the relationship between Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and pulse production in India. Moving beyond descriptive narratives, the study adopts a structural political-economic lens to evaluate productivity trends, ecological contributions, institutional frameworks, and market dynamics influencing the pulse sector. The analysis demonstrates that pulses hold transformative potential for advancing food security, nutritional equity, soil regeneration, and climate resilience. However, persistent yield gaps, policy asymmetry favoring cereals, climate variability, and fragmented value chains constrain their full developmental impact. The paper argues that repositioning pulses within India's agricultural strategy requires integrated reforms encompassing procurement restructuring, agro-ecological intensification, technological innovation, and institutional realignment. The findings contribute to sustainable development scholarship by situating pulse production within the broader framework of structural transformation and ecological modernization.

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Sustainable development goals,pulse, india

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A pyridyl derived Schiff base [N-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-amino-2-methoxypyridine] was synthesized and used as a tridentate (N,N,O) chelating ligand for the preparation of Co(II) and Zn(II) coordination complexes. The ligand and its complexes were systematically characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, FT-IR, Mass, TGA and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Significant shifts in the azomethine (C=N), pyridine nitrogen and phenolic (C-O) stretching frequencies confirmed tridentate coordination, while electronic spectral features supported an octahedral environment around the metal centers. The antimicrobial potential of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, and the metal complexes demonstrated enhanced activity compared to the free ligand, likely due to chelation-enhanced lipophilicity and metal-ligand interactions. The results highlight the promising pharmacological relevance of pyridyl based Schiff base metal complexes.

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Schiff base, Metal complex, Octahedral geometry, Spectroscopic characterization, Antimicrobial activity

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Autonomous robotic systems are increasingly applied in indoor logistics, material transportation, and campus environments, where safe navigation and reliable obstacle detection are essential. This paper presents the design and development of a LiDAR-guided autonomous campus delivery robot using Raspberry Pi and ROS 2. The proposed system integrates Raspberry Pi 4B, RP LiDAR, Pi Camera, Arduino, and DC motors to achieve accurate environment perception, intelligent navigation, and stable load transportation. LiDAR provides real-time distance measurement for obstacle detection, while visual input enhances navigation awareness. Raspberry Pi performs high-level processing, SLAM, and decision-making, whereas Arduino handles low-level motor control. Experimental results demonstrate smooth obstacle avoidance, reliable navigation, and stable operation in dynamic indoor environments. The proposed system offers a low-cost, scalable solution for autonomous campus delivery applications.

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Autonomous Robot, LiDAR, Campus Delivery Robot, Raspberry Pi, ROS 2, SLAM, Obstacle Detection, Smart Navigation

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