Volume 6 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Abstract- Better power quality is required for various electronics and electrical devices to perform efficiently. Various devices are available for power quality improvement. Different devices are suitable for different power quality disturbances or deviations such as Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM), Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) and Unified Power Quality Compensator (UPQC) for the improvement of power quality in manufacturing industries. UPQC is the recent versatile device which can correct different power quality disturbances simultaneously such as harmonics, voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage regulation, load unbalancing and power factor improvement in 3-phase distribution system. UPQC is one of the best power device used to compensate both source and load side problems, which is a combination of series Active power filter (APF) and shunt APF. Various control techniques are utilised for proper operation of UPQC such as p-q theory, d-q theory, fuzzy logic control, PI control, hysteresis control etc. This paper presents different control techniques of UPQC.

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Index Terms: Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM), Active Power Filter (APF), p-q theory, d-q theory, fuzzy logic control, PI control, hysteresis control

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Bitcoin Cryptographic Currency Cloud Mining

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Abstract: Mobile Ad Hoc networks are gaining popularity to its peak today, as the users want wireless connectivity irrespective of their geographic position. In Mobile ad hoc networks mobile devices are in movable form so that there can be chances of congestion can be occurred. Therefore congestion is likely to an issue in mobile Ad Hoc network routing. Routing protocols can improve the speed of a network and also improve the performance of network. In this research paper we analyze that which protocol gives the best performance by increasing the queue length. So that if the performance of a network will be good then the congestion chances will be decreases, hence the congestion problem is mostly removed and the performance of network will be good. And the aim of this research paper is to improve the performance of a network, network speed and preventing the network from congestion as well. In this process we will use Network simulator (NS-2) to analyze the simulation results from different perspectives

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Index Terms - MANETs, Mobile Ad Hoc networks, Queue size, Routing Protocols, Network simulator (NS-2)

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ABSTRACT: - The geometry of higher order Finsler spaces was studied by P.L. Antonelli in 1993 and M. Matsumoto in 2003. The theory of higher order Lagrange and Hamilton spaces were discussed by R.Miron and M.Anastasiei in 1994,R.Miron in 2003.Some special problems concerning the L-duality and classes of Finsler spaces were studiedin S.V.Sabau and H. Shimada in 2001.In year 2015 Gauree Shanker and Deepti Choudhary have obtained the L-dual of a special metric.In the continuing the study we obtained the L-dual of a different type special metric.

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Key Words:Finsler space, Carton space, the duality between Finsler and Cartonspaces.

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Abstract : The necessity of high speed clock can be fulfilled in two ways, either a very high frequency clock is directly used or low frequency clock is passed through a clock multiplier to have a high frequency clock. The first method is becomes inadequate when the required speed becomes very high (few gigahertz). The second method might be an alternative for the similar purpose. CMU is used to generate high frequency clock. The DLL based CMU is generally used in the industry to get higher speed clock. At high speed, some of the issues come into the picture strongly to achieve high quality performance. The main constraints appear due to limitations of different building blocks of the DLL. Each different unit has different limitations that affect the overall performances. Phase and frequency detector (PFD) imposes the problem of its resolution. The PFD resolution should be high in order to minimize static phase error that helps in reduction of jitter. It reduction in static phase error increases the closed loop speed. The current mismatch in charge pump is greatly affected due to low resolution of the PFD. Hence we find, high resolution is a stringent requirement to achieve high speed in DLL. Generally PFD is realized by conventional method (D flip flop based) but this project used pre-charge type PFD which offers higher resolution. Actually, PFD is closed loop system so the delay of the circuit becomes an important parameter to determine the speed of the same.

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Index Terms - Circuit, CMU, DLL, Jitter, PFD.

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Abstract: Network forensic deals with the unauthorized invasion identification in a network by recording, capturing and analyzing the network traffic. It is a broader term used to identify and prevent different kinds of network threats and attacks. One such category of network attack is Denial of Service attack (DOS). This paper comprehensively examines the DOS attacks available in various datasets. The DOS attacks such as: Fraggle, smurf, NTP, UDP flood, WinNuke, TCP Syn flood, ICMP flood etc. have been extensively examined. A brief description of tools and techniques used to capture and identify these attacks and accuracy obtained is specified analytically. The authors have also made an attempt to uncover the specifics of the tools used by attackers to launch the aforementioned DOS attacks. Various defense mechanisms have been laid down in order to guard the network against DOS attacks. A framework scenario has been proposed to identify the DOS attack from the legitimate network traffic. The proposed scenario seems to accurately identify the network intrusion to a fair extent.

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ABSTRACT: Wireless sensor network has come into prominence because they hold the potential to revolutionized segment of our economy and life with its wide applications. Unlike a centralized system, a sensor network is formed by large numbers of networked sensing nodes. They are having unique set of resource constraints such as finite onboard battery power and limited network communication bandwidth. Since running real experiments is costly and time consuming, simulation is essential to study Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). It is rather complex, or even unfeasible, to model analytically a WSN and it usually leads to oversimplified analysis with limited confidence. Therefore, simulation is essential to study WSN.

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Keywords-Sensor network, simulation, tools.

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ABSTRACT: In the present industrial globalization, thermal control or heat removal process from the hot surface (where cooling is essential) is very important issue, because the quality and reliability of the parts and components is dependable on the operating temperature. Now days we are using other methods such as cooling fans, direct water flow over the surfaces in some processes in some industries which are not the effective techniques. Spray cooling processes are known to yield high heat transfer coefficients due to high heat rates associated with latent heat at absorption during liquid vapor phase transition of the spray cooling methods which are employed in current electronics cooling applications. Heat transfer enhancement is one the major parameters required to improve the performance of the thermal system in any industries such as Electronics, Aerospace, Automotive and steel manufacturing. Jet impingement cooling and spray impingement cooling are two of the most effective ways to improve the rate of heat transfer from the hot metal surface spray. Impingement cooling helps to achieve desired cooling rates from the surface by appropriate parametric control during the cooling process. Hence this process finds its use in many cooling application in particular to metal processing industry. Different Industrial applications required high heat removal rate in order to provide efficient cooling for reliable working and its operational life. There are different ways to achieve uniform cooling .1.Microchanel Cooling, 2. Jet impingement cooling, 3. Spray impingement cooling. Out of these three methods Spray cooling have some advantages like low fluid inventory, Compact in size, light weight with few moving components, uniformity of cooling and isothermally. Due to the above mentioned advantages spray finds their use for cooling in number of industrial applications for example: HVAC, Laser guided weapons, Supersonic Flights, Agriculture, Cooling of super computers and many others. In the spray cooling properties under consideration are the different nozzle operating pressure, effect of mass flux, effect of surface enhancement, cooling effect, optimisation of various enhance surface with respect to nozzle diameter fluid properties under consideration and experimental investigations are thermal conductivity of liquid, surface tension of liquid, specific heat of liquid, latent heat of vaporization and lastly Calorimeter design properties are: super heat of heater, surface wet ability surface size, thermal diffusivity of subtract. It can be concluded that parameter which are the most significant parameter and sub significant parameters further used to these parameters to optimize and the considered parameters on heat transfer coefficient (HTC) using impingement spray cooling. To achieve more cooling effect it is very necessary that penetration of working fluid should be high. So to increase the penetration we mix a little amount of surfactant in fluid by which surface tensial property of fluid decreade and good penetration can be obtained.

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At different Nozzle operating pressures

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Abstract: Applications of artificial roughness on the bottom of absorber plate in solar air heater duct have been extensively used to advance heat transfer with moderate increase of friction factor. The design of the roughness profile and arrangement is principal to optimize the roughened surfaces. The roughness parameters and ribs arrangement are responsible to alter the flow structure and heat transfer mechanisms are mainly governed by flow structure. The critical reviews on various artificial roughness elements available in literature have been conducted and the effects of the roughness patterns are discussed. The Nusselt number and friction factor correlations for various roughness elements have been summarized. A comparison study of thermo hydraulic performance of deferent roughness elements has also been reported to understand the results of applications of artificial roughness.

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Keywords: Solar energy, solar air heater (SAH), artificial roughness, Heat transfer enhancement, Thermohydraulic performance

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Abstract: The exact governing equations of fluid dynamics are too computationally expensive to solve on a computer for practical applications. Hence, it is currently not possible to analytically describe the behavior of a turbulent flow -in particular its internal structures-, making turbulence one of the major remaining unsolved problems in Classical Physics. One solution to computationally predict the performance of engineering applications involving fluids is the formulation of alternative and computationally tractable equations. This work demonstrates the feasibility of modeling turbulence as a collection of interacting particles with intrinsic orientation. It also discusses current efforts regarding its accuracy and computational overhead in numerous turbulent flows. The goal of this thesis is to focus on numerical implementation as well as model evaluation and validation. The Oriented-Eddy Collision Model is tested for basic flow cases and incorporated inhomogeneity. The project is successful in demonstrating that with appropriate extensions, the model can be applied to a very wide variety of turbulent flows with high predictive accuracy.

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There are multiple applications of turbulent flows such as the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere, weather prediction, channel flow, internal combustions engines, gas turbines, external flow over airplanes, submarines.

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Abstract-- This paper dealt with brief knowledge of optimal bidding in restructured power system. Participants in a competitive electricity market develop bidding strategies in order to maximize their own profits. On the other hand, it is necessary for regulators to investigate strategic bidding behavior in order to identify possible market power abuse and to limit such abuse by introducing appropriate market management rules

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Keywords-- Optimal Bidding, Electricity market, Energy Auction

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Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long chain alkyl (methyl, propyl or ethyl) esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol. Biodiesel is meant to be used in standard diesel engines and is thus distinct from the vegetable oils. Biodiesel can be used alone, or blended with diesel. Biodiesel, a promising substitute as an alternative fuel has gained significant attention due to the predicted shortness of conventional fuels and environmental concern. The utilization of liquid fuels such as biodiesel produced from Jatropha oil by transesterification process represents one of the most promising options for the use of conventional fossil fuels. The production of biodiesel is limited by land area but jatropha trees can be cultivated in any kinds of land.Jatropha is a wildly growing hardy plant, in arid and semi-arid regions of the country on degraded soils having low fertility and moisture. It can be cultivated successfully in the regions of heavy rainfall even it can be cultivated even on fallow and barren lands. Jatropha vegetable oil is one ofthe main non edible sources available in India. In view of the above, a study was carried out with the following objectives:Production of Jatropha oil ethyl ester or Jatropha oil biodiesel by two step esterification process, Determination of characteristic fuel properties of different blends of Jatropha oil ethyl ester , Di ethyl ether and diesel BDE1,BDE2,BDE3 AND B100 AND DIESEL. And Performance evaluation of a CI engine on blended fuels. After the investigation the results we found that The density of B100used in the experiment was 7.69 % higher than the diesel .The viscosity of Jatropha biodiesel was about 35% higher than the diesel.The gross heat of combustion of raw neem oil is found to be 2.61% lower than the diesel.The performance evaluation of 4.4 kW diesel engine under the fuel consumption test on blends of Jatropha,DEE and diesel was found satisfactory on the basis of brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency.The engine was able to develop power similar to diesel on all the Jatropha- DEE- diesel blends.The brake thermal efficiency of the engine on BDE2 was found higher than diesel on lower load .The engine performance was the best on BDE2 as the brake thermal efficiency was found to be high at lower load and overall BTE of BDE3 was highest and BSFC was found to be second lowest on BDE2 blend as BSFC was lowest on BDE1

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Key words-Transesterification, biodiesel, blended fuels

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Abstract: A solar air heater is experimentally explored by many researchers to study the effect of operating and geometrical parameters on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics. The accessibility of highly advanced computer hardware and progress in numerical methods, motivate the future researchers to carry out the simulations of solar air heater using various roughness geometries with different ranges of operating and geometrical parameters. CFD is emerging as a suitable and efficient tool to detect the optimum configuration of rib for its maximum thermo hydraulic performance before carrying out the actual experimentation. This article discusses the different approaches used to experimentally investigate the thermal performance of solar air heater. The computational approach i.e. CFD methodology is discussed using the reference of commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT. The main objective of the article is to present a detailed review of the literature that deals with the application of CFD in the design of solar air heater. This paper presents a concise summary of each reviewed article in the form of, type of computational domain (2D/3D), turbulence model used, type of CFD commercial software used, range of operating and geometrical parameters and best results obtained from CFD. The article also tabulated the optimum values of relative roughness pitch (P/e) and relative roughness height (e/D) for maximum heat transfer enhancement in roughened solar air heater duct.

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Index Terms - CFD, ANSYS FLUENT, Artificial roughness, SAHs

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Abstract : This study has been undertaken to investigate Solar air heater that absorbs the incoming solar radiations and converts them to thermal energy. It has been observed that the efficiency of the flat plate solar air heater is low because of low convective heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate the air flowing over it. The most effective way to improve the performance of the solar air heater is to provide artificial roughness elements beneath the absorber plate .So,the investigators studied different artificial roughness of the different geometry and has made analysis using various parameters like Reynolds Number,rib height ,pitch height ,test section containing the geometry.And correspondingly studied the output of these parameters on Nusselt number and the friction factor. With the help of review we found that working numerically on different parameters with the help of CFD analysis that is working On ANSYS Fluent has made our work easier and we get better devices with maximum heat transfer rates using the geometry employed for eg geometry of W-shaped rib,V-shaped rib roughness. Results states that the thermal efficiency obtained in the different works by CFD simulation results were found to be in good agreement as compared with simple duct and with the standard theoretical approaches. It has been found that the Nusselt number increases from 2 to 4times in every cases. Moreover,thermo hydraulic performance parameter (THPP) is also evaluated for different geometry to predict the overall performance and also for selecting the best geometry for the range of parameter investigated.

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With the help of review we found that working numerically on different parameters with the help of CFD analysis that is working On ANSYS Fluent has made our work easier and we get better devices with maximum heat transfer rates using the geometry employed for eg geometry of W-shaped rib,V-shaped rib roughness

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Abstract: This entire work is deal with the analysis of pine needle gasifier performance on the bases of experimental results. It begins with an analysis of dry pine needle as an alternative fuel; e.g. its distribution, composition, caloric value etc., and as processes attractive place with the biomass gasification. To Experimental analysis of performance of pine gasifier by using dry pine needles used as a biomass in downdraft gasifier for power generation. In the present study on the effect of gasifier responses are ER and CV has been investigated for pine needle downdraft gasifier. The experiments were conducted under various parameters setting of Air flow rate (m3/h), initial moisture content, biomass consumption rate (kg/h). L-9 array based on Taguchi Design was performing intended by Minitab software is used for analysis the result and their responses were moderately validated experimentally.

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Keywords: Equivalent ratio (ER), Calorific Value (CV), pine needle, biomass, gasification, producer gas.

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Hydroxyapatite,additives,nanocomposite,bioactivity

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Abstract In the last decades, industrial automation has become a driving force in all production systems. Technologies and architectures have emerged alongside the growing organizational structures of production plants. Industrial automation plays an important role in industrial and manufacturing environment. Industrial automation means automatically control of industrial appliances which save money, time also reduce human efforts. Automation devices such as controllers and data systems and/or services. Systems and methods are provided that receive statements or other unit of data interaction from an automation device, provide the statements to an appropriate system or service for processing, and optionally return a response such as a result set. In this paper brief study about the automation, level of automation, Industrial automation and types of industrial automation etc.

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Key words: Automation, Levels of automation, CNC, CAM & FMS

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ABSTRACT A case studies have been reported Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach for supplier selection. In case study, usefulness of grey based MCDM approach method has been highlighted to solve multi-criteria decision making problem of supplier selection. The method has been found efficient to aggregate multiple attribute values into an equivalent single quality index (overall grey relation grade) which facilitates ranking/benchmarking as well as selection of the appropriate alternative supplier.

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Design competency Process capability

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