Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

Sign-Speak is an innovative web application designed to address the communication needs of mute individuals by employing sign language detection technology. In this paper, we present the motivation behind Sign-Speak, outlining the pressing need for effective communication tools for the mute community. The project leverages advanced technologies, including the Django framework for Python-based web applications, and utilizes a model trained with Google Teachable Machine to detect and interpret sign language gestures. It also encompasses the entire development process, from model training with a carefully curated dataset to the implementation of real-time sign language detection in a web environment. Additionally, Sign-Speak incorporates speech synthesis to provide a comprehensive solution for interpreting and vocalizing detected signs. This paper discusses the technical aspects of the project, its implementation details, and the potential impact on enhancing communication accessibility for mute individuals

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 Keywords

Machine Learning, Django Framework, Model, Hand Detection, gtts, pyttsx4

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In the 8th Century, the Southern part of India was ruled by three prominent kingdoms The Cheras, Pandyas and the Cholas. Cholas were considered as the most powerful of the three. Chola Dynasty was one of the important parts in the history of South India. The Chola Empire was based in the Kaveri River Valley, which runs south east through Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Southern Deccan Plateau to the Bay of Bengal. Chola kingdom which came to be called as 'Cholamandalam'. Throughout the Medieval period, however the Cholas had major throne on their side. The Chola kings followed a highly efficient system of Administration. The Cholas had three major administrative division called Central Government, Provincial Government and Local Government. Local self Government was flourished in Chola period. The most striking feature of the administrative system of the Cholas was their autonomous village administration (Kudaivolai system) and town administration. The 'Uttaramerur Inscription' belonging to the reign of Parantaka-I who belong to 10th century, gives details about the functioning and constitution of the local administration. The efficient Chola Administrative System has been well appreciated by many historians and rulers. Dynasties and Empires have risen and fallen, but Local Self Governments were survived. Thus, the conception of Local Self government is not foreign to the genius of the people of India.

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Chola Dynasty, administration, kingdoms, Kudaivolai system, Local Self government, autonomous

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Background Renal transplantation is one of most common organ transplant techniques, improves quality of life and overall survival in patient with end stage renal disease. Pulmonary complications such as atelectasis, pulmonary emphysema, and pulmonary thromboembolic events have been observed in post-transplant patients. Common symptoms of primary atelectasis patients include coughing, shortness of breath, and reduced chest expansion. Purpose The purpose of this case study is to report the results of a prone positioning along with conventional rehabilitation in paediatric renal transplant recipient. Case Presentation An 8-year-old girl child who underwent renal transplant surgery with her grandmother as donor and was presented with lung atelectasis. The patient reported with NRBM -12 lit of o2 support having pain, breathlessness, cough accompanied by reduce chest expansion. Chest X-ray and HRCT shows collapse consolidation with air bronchogram involving both lower lobes, markedly dilated all cardiac chambers, mild pericardial effusion. Method Nebulization, segmental breathing exercise, thoracic expansion exercise, incentive spirometer and active exercises was given thrice a day from day1post atelectasis , 3-5 repetitions a time with rest. Due to lack of improvement on first 2 days prone positioning was added from day 3. Result The results of the intervention in measuring the breathless using the Borg Scale, measuring thoracic expansion using a Medline, as well as the results of a chest X-ray. Discussion In case of primary atelectasis in post renal paediatric patient the prone positioning is given for improve ventilation along with nebulization and chest percussion vibration which helps to loosen secretion, segmental breathing exercise and thoracic expansion exercise to increase chest expansion and incentive spirometer to encourage coughing and facilitate mucus removal. Conclusion Prone positioning along with chest physiotherapy increase oxygenation, relieve breathless and increase thoracic expansion

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Pediatric renal transplant, atelectasis, prone positioning, chest physiotherapy

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Home automation, also known as a smart home, revolves around the wireless and intelligent, smart control of household appliances such as lights, fans, doors, refrigerators, washing machines etc. These devices are coherently interconnected to the internet, constituting the Internet of Things (IoT). This interconnected ecosystem authorize users to monitor their homes remotely, enabling significant savings in electricity and water consumption. The core of this automation often involves a fundamental microcontroller like the Arduino UNO, Arduino NANO and many more establishing an internet connection through either USB serial or Wi-Fi module.

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smart home, IoT based, Home automation

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The purpose of this system is to automate the existing manual system by the help of computerized equipment and full-fledged computer software, fulfilling their requirements, so that their valuable data/information can be stored for a longer period with easy accessing and manipulation of the same. The required software and hardware are easily available and easy to work with. It will include providing administration access to admin and vendors and user specific access to customers. Using data analytics, retailers can take the actions to reduce costs and increase sales.

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Veganza-, vegetable, vending machine, machine, IoT devices, IoT project

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The futures of kids are greatly influenced by their teachers, so having competent teachers is essential for academic achievement. In nature, teaching is a multifaceted and intricate activity. The classroom and school administration can be managed by a skilled teacher. As a leader, the teacher is a sincere and committed individual. He is a person who serves as a student's mother, a friend, a leader for his nation, a philosopher, and a mentor. The success of educators today will determine the direction society and the nation take. In connection to their academic achievement, this study examines the efficacy of the Upper Primary School instructors in Gudari Block, Rayagada District. 50 teachers were chosen as a sample, and the study used the the Teacher Effectiveness Scale developed by Pramod Kumar and D. N. Mutha.The findings highlight the significance of teacher effectiveness for the performance of educational institutions and show no discernible mean difference between male and female teachers.

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Teacher Effectiveness, Upper Primary School Teachers, Academic Attainment

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This article provides a comprehensive examination of key concepts in modern cosmology, delving into topics such as the expansion of the universe, dark matter, and dark energy. Through a synthesis of observational evidence and theoretical models, it aims to deepen the reader's understanding of the fundamental forces shaping the cosmos. The article also explores recent advancements, challenges, and potential future directions in the field, offering a nuanced perspective on humanity's quest to unravel the mysteries of the vast cosmic tapestry.

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cosmology, universe, modern cosmology

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The present paper investigates new idea of odd-prime harmonious labeling of some new graphs. We prove that the graphs Cycle C4 , Path P2, Star S4, Tree, Firecracker, Fork, Ladder L3, Bistar B(2,2), Claw K1,3 graphs are odd-prime harmonious . A graph that calls for an odd prime harmonious labeling is called an odd- prime harmonious graph.

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Harmonious labeling, Odd Harmonious labeling, Prime harmonious labeling, Odd-Prime Harmonious labeling.

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The sensation of recurring nervous thoughts or worries connected to business-related issues might be operationalized as worry. Preoccupation with money matters, market swings, stress at work, or any other element might be examples of it. that make the businesspeople under study feel uncomfortable or distressed emotionally. superiority of life may be defined as a multifaceted concept that includes many elements that support a person's general sense of well-being and contentment in life. In the context of researching businesspeople, it could encompass elements like financial stability, interpersonal connections, work-life balance, physical health, and psychological well-being. The goal of the study subject is to look into and comprehend the connection between businessmen's quality of life and anxiety. For the present study, the data is collected from 100 Delhi based entrepreneurs. Two scales used in this study are The Brief Measure of Worry Severity (BMWS) for measuring worry and the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF) for measuring quality of life. The correlational value between the two variables was -0.89 which signifies a high negative correlation. This means that worry and quality of life are indirectly proportional, if worry increases, then quality of life decreases and vice versa.

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worry, quality of life, businessman, generalized anxiety disorder, health

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The District of Munger located in the Eastern part of Bihar, India, is hemmed among the Ganga River in the North, Bhagalpur District in the East, Lakhisarai District in the West and the Jamui District in the South. It is located between 24030' and 250N Latitude and between 86030' and 870 East Longitude Ocimum commonly known as Tulsi. It is also known a Paak Paudha in Religious Book Quraan in Surah Rahman under the Name of Reihann. Present work in the comparative study of alkaloid and Flavonoid in four species of Ocimum like O. sanctum, O. tenuifolium, O. basilicum and O. gratissmum. It was observed that highest content of alkaloids present in O.sanctum (Rama Tulsi) and highest content of Flavonoids present in O.tenuifolium (Shyama Tulsi).

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Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Ocimum, Reihaan.

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Abstract Aims and Objectives: To assess the first clinical placement experience of bachelor nursing student's at Desh Bhagat University School of Nursing, Mandi Gobindgarh. Background: The most critical experiences for student nurses is their exposure to patient in the clinical for students. It is where they encounter the human side of nursing. In the recent years, nursing education has been focusing on theoretical education and the deep gap between theoretical and clinical evaluation is created. Along with this students are also experienced periodic feelings of despair, frustration, anxiety, uncertainty and lack of motivation in the clinical area. Design: A qualitative phenomenological research design. Methods: A total 60 Bachelor Nursing Students were selected by purposive sampling technique. A self-developed, prevalidated questionnaire consisting of open ended items related to various aspects of clinical experience was used. Results: The results depicts that majority of nursing students i.e. 61.6% felt good as being a student in nursing education as followed by 43.3% of the students believed that they have chosen a good profession. Furthermore, 26.4% of the nursing students were experienced anxiety while performing the invasive procedures. On the other side, 41.6% of the nursing students felt that working in a particular specialty area were most enjoyable. Moreover, Most of the nursing students i.e. 25% felt that providing nursing care to the patients were the best experience in the clinicals as followed by 18.33% of the students perceived that exploring new concepts and performing various procedures were the best thing for the 15% of the nursing students and 13.33% of the nursing students perceived that performing various personal hygiene procedures were the worst things in the clinical area as followed by each 8.33% of the nursing students who hated scolding of teachers and nosocomial infections. In addition to this, 11.66% of the nursing students worried about incongruent staff behavior as followed by 10% nursing students were agitated by wake up early in the morning. It was also found that 13.33% of the nursing students recommended that nursing practice should be interestive and each 11.66% of the nursing students suggested that duty timings should be extended and there should be balance between theory and practice as followed by 4 students believe that nursing students should have basic knowledge about the nursing care. Most of the nursing students' i.e.22.22% expected that there should be exploration of new basic scientific approaches in the clinical field as followed by 13.88% of the nursing felt that quality care should be provided to the patients and 12.5% of the students expected that nursing care should be competent and caring.

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Keywords: Asses, First clinical nursing experience, Bachelor nursing student

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The present study was undertaken to assess the social maturity of 240 girls and boys between the age range of 9-12 years, selected from co-educational and non co-educational government schools in Patna district. 15 boys and 15 girls were subsequently selected from co-educational and non-co-educational schools from each age group respectively. The study revealed that boys and girls between 9-12 years showed moderate level of social maturity as compared as girls.

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Social maturity, Co-educational, Non co-educational, Moderate.

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India is a place of many religions. Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism are followed in majority. Indians celebrate numerous festivals such as Diwali, Holi, etc. throughout the year. With immense faith in their hearts people scale all geographical terrains to seek god's blessings reach the places of religious tourism, then be it the high mountains or valleys they reach the places with great faith in their heart only with a wish that they seek blessings of the god. People do not mind standing in long queues to just get a glimpse of the deity residing there. With changing times these religious places have become a site for tourism, rather than a mere pilgrimage. Worshipers want safe and comfortable journey. Religious tourism industry in India is yet to be explored to its full potential. With the increase of religious tourism, there is a massive change in the cultural landscape as well as the geographical and economic landscape of that area. Religious tourism would lead to revenue generation and rise in standard of living for the locals. Hence, the primary objective to present the paper is to study the Religious tourism and changes in cultural landscape changes.

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Tourism, Religious Tourism, Cultural Landscape, the Ram Mandir

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People have recently been impacted by a number of unclear pandemic diseases. Under these circumstances, maintaining ties within society is necessary. In order to meet this constantly growing need, wireless communication is playing a significant role. Due to the enormous demand for wireless communication and the internet, it is important to consider how to make the best use of the available channels and frequencies, as they cannot be extended. A remedy for this issue is cognitive radio (CR). This article proposes the design of a Real Time Smart Channel Encoder to support CR technology and expanding Artificial Intelligence. This will support effective channel utilization and the realization of current CR technology. The survey for comprehending cognitive radio, channel encoder, artificial intelligence, and the viability of real-time smart channel encoder is presented in this study.

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Cognitive radio(CR), channel encoder, VLSI, GNU radio, RTL, FPGA

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Hunger remains a critical global issue affecting nearly one-third of the world's population, exacerbated by factors like poverty, inequality, crises, conflicts, climate change, and governance. India, despite its growing GDP, still grapples with high levels of Hunger, with 9.9% of its population undernourished. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 2 (Zero Hunger), have set a universal agenda to address this problem by 2030. Social entrepreneurship initiatives led by individuals like Muhammad Yunus and Scott Harrison have emerged to combat Hunger creatively. Kerala, a state in India, faces unique challenges due to limited food grain production, resulting in higher living costs. The Janakeeya Bhakshanasala, a government-supported social enterprise, is a noteworthy effort in the Kerala Hunger Free Project, providing free meals to the less fortunate through innovative means. However, its long-term sustainability and effectiveness require further study. Janakeeya Bhakshanasala, a "people's food court" in Kerala, India, run by the Snehajalakam Pain and Palliative Care Unit of CPI(M), offers free meals to the less fortunate with a unique model that relies on voluntary contributions. This study explores the functioning, sustainability, and impact of the Bhakshanasala. It accommodates the local community and operates with support from donations, sponsorships, and catering services. While it faces challenges, such as food shortages and waste management issues, it has successfully impacted the lives of employees and beneficiaries. The project's success can be attributed to community trust and involvement, making it a model for addressing Hunger and achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of "zero hunger." This initiative has provided meals, jobs, and a platform for social contribution.

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Hunger, Poverty, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Janakeeya Bhakshanasala, Hunger, Social entrepreneurship, Snehajalakam Pain and Palliative Care Unit, Free meals Voluntary contributions, Community Trust, Zero hunger, Social contribution

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According to the World Health Organization, around 40 million people are blind, while another 250 million have some form of visual impairment. They come across many troubles in their daily life, especially while navigating. They often depend on others for help to satisfy their day-to-day needs. So, it is quite a challenging task to implement a technological solution to assist them. Several technologies have been developed for the assistance of visually impaired people. One such attempt is that we would wish to make an Integrated Machine Learning System that allows blind victims to identify and classify real-time objects generating voice feedback and distance. Which also produces warnings whether they are very close or far away from the thing?

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Blind assistance, machine learning, assistive devices, virtually-impaired people, obstacles detection, navigation and orientation systems, obstacles avoidance, neural architectecture search(NAS).

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This research proposes a novel approach to enhance the learning experience for slow learners by detecting their learning styles using fingerprint recognition technology. The proposed system integrates machine learning algorithms to analyze and classify learning styles based on the VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic) model. By recognizing individual learning styles, the system aims to personalize educational strategies and resources to better suit the preferences and cognitive strengths of learners. This approach has the potential to optimize the learning experience for slow learners and improve their academic performance. The proposed system is expected to contribute to the development of personalized learning system that can cater to the diverse needs of learners.

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Fingerprint, Learning Style, Convolutional Neural Network.

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This paper is an attempt to critically examine the discipline of Economics. By introducing the concept of 'Popularized Economics', certain schools of thought are analyzed. While both classical and neo-classical schools are found to be patriarchal, it has been argued that Keynesianism can be partially viewed as feminist. Excessive patriarchy present in economic literature flows into classrooms through teaching which further hegemonizes male bodies. Such an approach creates a gender imbalance between women and men in a binary setup. Women's existence is undermined due to the application of popularized economics. Feminist Economics can be employed as a potential solution for producing sustainable masculinities and reimagining the discipline of Economics which will ultimately help to achieve the goal of gender inclusivity.

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Popularized Economics, Feminist Economics, Hegemonic Male Bodies

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In this comprehensive study, we have advanced the field of agricultural technology by developing and comparing multiple deep learning models for the classification of rice varieties. Conducted in the agriculturally rich regions of Southern Bangladesh, our research utilized a diverse dataset comprising 20,000 high-resolution RGB images representing five principal rice varieties. The study primarily focused on a custom-engineered hybrid deep learning model, designed specifically for this agricultural application. This model's architecture encompasses an initial convolutional layer, zero-padding, batch normalization, and max pooling, followed by residual blocks that address the vanishing gradient problem, and concludes with Global Average Pooling leading into a Support Vector Machine (SVM) for final classification.Additionally, we incorporated and evaluated the performance of two renowned deep learning models: MobileNetV2 and VGG16. These models were adapted and fine-tuned to suit the specific requirements of our dataset and task. Across various metrics, including precision, recall, and F1-score, our hybrid model demonstrated superior performance, achieving an exceptional 99% accuracy. This was notably higher compared to the 95% and 93% accuracy achieved by VGG16 and MobileNetV2, respectively. Various optimizers, including SGD, RMSprop, Adam, and Nadam (all with a learning rate of 0.001), were employed to refine our models, with the Adam optimizer emerging as the most effective across all models.

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Rice, Adam optimizer, MobileNetV2, VGG16, Accuracy,Max pooling, Zero-padding

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ABSTRACT The study, design and finite element investigation of bolt and nut for fastening stress reduction were successfully investigated. researchers created a bolt of M6 with a hexagonal head of 12mm, and a hexagonal nut of M12 both having a right hand ANSI metric thread profile, with assigned material being Steel, High Strength, Low Alloy to reduce wear and tear using AutoDesk inventor. The created model was analyzed using FEA software. The bolt was first subjected to fastening moment of 240 N mm, with the nut being subjected to fixed constraints. Thereafter, the nut was subjected to fastening moment of 240 N mm with the bolt subjected to fixed constraints. Results showed that the ultimate tensile strength of assigned material reduced from 540 MPa to 448 MPa when fastening moment was applied at bolt head and Nut side respectively. This suggested that failure due to tensile stress would be predominant when fastening at the Nut side. Also, maximum fastening stresses were observed to be 7.109 MPa and 6.66822 MPa when fastening moment was applied at bolt head and Nut side respectively. This suggested that fastening at the Nut side would reduce fastening stress or thread wear. In addition, the maximum displacements were observed to be 0.00190463 mm and 0.00204884 mm when fastening moment was applied at bolt head and Nut side respectively. This indicated that fastening at the Nut side will give lesser revolution to achieve a tightened bolt and nut joint. Furthermore, the maximum contact pressures were observed to be 10.7241 MPa and 10.9924 MPa when fastening moment was applied at bolt head and Nut side respectively. This indicated that slippage is minimized at nut side fastening with high induce stress at the bolt shank, as the study revealed. The researchers made the following recommendations: Fastening at nut side should be adopted to reduce stress and maximize displacement/ advancement, bolt and nut design materials must have higher tensile strength rather than compressive strength or yield strength, since failure due to tensile stress is predominant, etc.

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 Keywords

Keywords ---- Stress, Bolt and nut, Fastening, Finite element analysis, Turning moment, Constraints

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