Volume 12 | Issue 2

 Abstract

A microstrip patch antenna for satellite communication is proposed in the paper. This paper designed and simulated a rectangular microstrip patch antenna measuring 25mm x 30mm x 1.6mm. The antenna has a frequency bandwidth of 0.1806 GHz (4.2831 GHz-4.4637 GHz) centered at 4.3 GHz with a return loss of -19.7936 dB. The proposed rectangular patch antenna has been devised using a glass epoxy substrate (FR4) with a dielectric constant (?r = 4.4). The basic theory and design of the antenna are analyzed, simulated, and optimized using HFSS. The results explain that the antenna has characteristics for 4.3 GHz satellite communication. This rectangular patch is excited using transmission lines of length and width. Performance parameters of the antenna, such as gain, S parameters: voltage standing wave ratio, system gain, radiation efficiency, directivity, polarization ratio, S parameter chart, VSWR chart, S parameter table, and VSWR table of the designed rectangular antenna.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ANSYS HFSS (high-frequency structure simulator), FSS (Fixed Satellite Service), MSS (Mobile Satellite Service), VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), RPA (Rectangular Patch Antenna), RF (Radio Frequency), rE (Radiation Efficiency), S-Parameters (Scattering Parameters).

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: This research article delves into the examination of narrative techniques within the novels of Charles Dickens, conducting a comparative analysis to unveil the distinctive features that characterize his storytelling. The objective is to dissect the evolution of Dickens' narrative style across a selection of his iconic works. The exploration encompasses the rich historical and literary context of the Victorian era, providing insights into the societal influences shaping Dickens' narratives. The study scrutinizes key elements such as characterization, plot structure, setting, and atmosphere, aiming to unravel how Dickens intricately weaves together these components to create engaging and memorable stories. Additionally, the research scrutinizes Dickens' adept use of social commentary, highlighting how his novels serve as platforms for critique on prevalent issues of poverty, class disparity, and institutional flaws. The analysis extends to the examination of narrative voice, point of view, symbolism, and imagery, elucidating how these choices contribute to the overall impact of Dickens' storytelling. Overall, this article contributes to a nuanced understanding and appreciation of Charles Dickens' literary legacy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Charles Dickens, Victorian literature, narrative techniques, characterization, symbolism etc.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Image stitching is a fundamental computer vision task that involves combining multiple overlapping images into a seamless panorama. This paper presents an innovative approach that integrates ma chine learning techniques with the speeded up robust features (SURF) algorithm to achieve robust and accurate image stitching. SURF is employed for key point detection and feature matching, while machine learning models enhance the process by improving key point selection, outlier rejection, and fine-tuning image alignment. The combination of SIFT and machine learning yields superior results, making it an efficient solution for creating high-quality panoramic images and enhancing the robustness of image stitching in various applications, such as augmented reality and satellite imagery processing.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Index : Image processing , Feature detection , Warping estimation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Baluchari is a magnetic silk saree of Bishnupur in Bankura district. Our study based on weavers socio-economic condition of baluchari saree. I am trying to explore problems behind of weaving industry in Bishnupur. Now a days no of weavers are declining. Because of many new industry are exploring. Technological development is very important for industry. But Baluchari saree industry does not involvement of Technological development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Patronized, Terracotta Brick, Receptively, Baluchari

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Due to the delicate ecosystem and the sensitive Himalayas, the impacts of climate change are significantly more noticeable in Himachal Pradesh. The Himachal range is therefore a good proxy for climate change. The three primary industries - forestry, horticulture and agriculture are the backbone of the state as they have a direct or indirect impact on the national economy. Scientists and researchers are trying to identify the causes and variables behind the shift in these industries. Research from various industries has shown that large and sudden changes, including shifts in snowline, timberline, apple belt and cooler variations, among others, have a direct impact on apple quantity and quality. Numerous data from these researches indicate that the climate of the state of Himachal Pradesh is changing. However, there is a serious lack of observational data on the effects of climate change on ecosystems and biodiversity in the Himalayan region, which includes the Himachal Himalaya. However, using previously available data, the database needs to be strengthened and holes filled. The more reliable the outcomes, causes and patterns of climate change, the more climate data related to different sectors are available, which can help in future model predictions in the state.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Climate Change, Ecosystem, Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry and Productivity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Inclusive practices and inclusive strategies for creating an inclusive education i.e inclusive education in home, school and community environment is very important issue at present time. Regardless of their socioeconomic, emotional, or religious background, beliefs, or level of learning, inclusive teachers make sure that every student may engage completely in the learning process. Inclusive education is making sure that every kid has equal access to learning and equal opportunity to succeed, regardless of their unique needs or learning difficulties .School classroom environment and systems requires to change for true inclusive community education. But much of this reform is design focused, and not resource intensive. In inclusive education it is emphasized that all learners are together in normal classrooms with out any barriers with normal learners . The objectives of the study are overview idea about inclusive community education, various practices for inclusive community education, different strategies for inclusive community education. This study is descriptive in nature. For this study a qualitative approach is used as methodology. In this paper we find overall inclusive community education, different important elements and dimensions of inclusive practices education. From this study we also find out that there are many challenges for implementing inclusive education. We also find out various practices and strategies for inclusive community education. At present time inclusive environment in home, school, and community is very much needed. Inclusive community is very helpful for all pupils with any socio emotional, socio economic and socio cultural backgrounds. For suggestions we can say that raising awareness ,providing training to teachers and providing schools resources are required for moving towards more inclusive community education. Govt. policies are also required and also ensure proper implementation of it. Teachers need to be persuaded that inclusion is beneficial to all pupils.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

inclusive community, equity, inclusive practices, inclusive strategies, inclusive education

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Ciphertext generation is a process of transforming legible text into illegible text. In this scenario, we develop new techniques, i.e. splitting and merging the plaintext and using various kinds of mathematical operation on the plaintext for generating the cipher text. In this paper, we generate decimal (ASCII) equivalent for the given plaintext, then split the decimal into two parts by performing one of the simplest mathematical operation i.e. divisional operation on derived decimals. After splitting the decimal into two parts, then store them into two different matrices: one is act as Key and another is act as source to generate Cipher text. To generate the cipher text, we may implement simple character generation as cipher or performing XOR operation on the text that is depending on the text which we given as input plaintext. Performing the relevant operation as reverse by merging the two matrix decimals and finding the character equivalent for getting Plaintext from the given Cipher text.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Plaintext, Split Decimals, Merge Decimals, Like Elements, Unlike Elements, XOR, Cipher text

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The creation of an efficient delivery method for ophthalmic medications is hampered by the physiology, living structure, and natural chemistry of the eye. Conventional formulations lead to low bioavailability and insufficient pre-corneal residence time. Sustained-release in-situ gels are one novel drug delivery technique that addresses these problems. They prolong the time that the drug remains in the mucosa, decrease ocular haze, and delay the release of the drug. Furthermore, in-situ gels reduce the frequency and quantity of pharmaceutical delivery, prevent drug accumulation and side effects, and give precise and repeatable dosages. It also provides in situ gelling nano emulsions, liposomes, nanospheres, and microspheres. This review focused on definitions, types, advantages, disadvantages, polymers used and suitable characteristics of polymers, preparation of in situ gels and approaches of in situ gels

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

: In-situ gel, sustained release, bioavailability, polymer, approaches of in situ gel

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The New Education Policy (NEP) was announced by the Government of India in 2020 and was a friendly step among all sections of the society. We can see a major change in the education policy after 1986. That is why everyone considered the decision of the government as a optimistic and a peaceful step, which only indicates a big change in the field of education, but also considered appropriate to accept the challenges of the present education system spread all over the world. The improvement in the education system has not happened suddenly, but is being prepared for a long time. This study undertakes a summary of NEP and analyses how they affect the present education system in the broader perspectives of the global scenario. High-caliber higher education should aim at developing considerate and well versatile individuals. It also helps them to study one or more specific areas thoroughly and develop moral character as well as fundamental principles, rational mindset, intellectual curiosity and creativity. The NEP was introduced with the aim of standardizing the changes within the system from elementary level to university level. Considering the developing situation, the content of education would focus on the new ideas, problem solving angles and the applications. The NEP is also expected to show a long lasting and a positive impact on higher education structure in the country. It is being said that the foreign universities would be allowed to open their campuses in the country which is considered to be an admirable initiative by the government. The entire concept of empowering and autonomy for innovating is one of the features of NEP 2020, that supports the discontinuing strategies from Affiliated Institutions to Autonomous Institutions. The announcement for setting up of the interdisciplinary educational and research universities in India is giving better hope. Such institutions would be in sync with the current IIM's and IIT's and would aim at showcasing interdisciplinary education for students in India. Another change recommended by NEP 2020, is that the National Testing Agency would serve as the expert, premier and autonomous testing institutions for conducting entrance exams for the graduate and undergraduate courses and fellow programs in the higher education institutional groups. The superior grade just as adaptability of NTA test administration would help the colleges in utilizing the normal placement tests instead of many organizations devising their placement tests. The NEP 2020 also allows the foreign colleges and universities in coming to India and bringing out the challenge for other institutions for improving the quality of the education system offered by them. The main objective of this research paper is to analyse and highlight the impact of NEP 2020 on higher education in India, focusing on how it facilitates worldwide competitiveness for students through reforms and initiatives. This research paper will give the readers an understanding about NEP 2020 challenges traditional educational paradigms by introducing interdisciplinary approaches and flexibility in curriculum. It also gives readers an insight into how the changes introduced by NEP 2020 lay the foundation for a dynamic and a forward looking education system.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

NEP 2020,Higher Education, Higher Education Council of India(HECI)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Indian government has undertaken significant modifications in the Intellectual Property (IP) regime of the country. This is leading to a realignment of business strategies by firms in several sectors. Similarly, with liberalization and globalization, new opportunities for IP creation seem to be emerging for Indian firms. The new Intellectual Property Act facilitates active participation of Indian firms in the global technology and production networks are desirable. IPR has an increasing role on several sectors in the economy especially the pharmaceutical, chemical, biotechnology, and information technology (IT)-related sectors.IT is a growth sector for the country, one needs to assess the utility of various TRIPS compatible policy alternatives .The role of IPR on IT sector can be better understood by checking the emerging perspectives of IPRs in the Indian IT industry and also by understanding the factors that are capable of being driving the change in those perspectives.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Intellectual Property Rights, Information Technology, Public and Private Sector Interface , Trips

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper highlights the repercussions of partition of India along with the myriads of human sentiments which arise in critical times and portrays how nothing is definite in life. It also reflects that how seeds of abhorrence sown due to colonization which led only to devastation and violence. Train to Pakistan is a book about the terrors of civil war and how a small village finally becomes an area of religious hostility and communal destruction. Khushwant Singh states with this book that there is no categorical discrimination of a person as good or bad and that even the best of relationships, which are made upon the merits of friendship and empathy, Train to Pakistan is a story of human tolerance and struggle through a mass movement. Independence brought us our own government, our own flag, our own nation, but for a commoner he lost his own home, his own relatives, and his own complete individuality. Khushwant Singh's Train to Pakistan reveals the futility of blaming one another for the unfortunate and horrible event.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Devastation, abhorrence, Tolerance, Colonization, discrimination and empathy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

When compared to natural colorants, synthetic dyes are more common in the industries due to their lower cost, stability, ease of production, and availability of a wider variety of colors. However, dyes reduce the mobility of oxygen, decrease photosynthesis, and restrict sunlight and affects ecosystem of the biosphere adversely. Therefore, the environment will continue to be concerned about waters that contain dyes. Dyes also have a substantial impact on water quality. In addition, worldwide freshwater shortages are becoming more acute as a result of the fast growing global population, changing climate, and industrial expansion. Hence, water treatment (WT) is currently one of the key study fields due to the depletion of water supplies and excessive environmental pollution. This has made it necessary to upgrade traditional technologies to ones that are safer, more affordable, recyclable, and reusable. Enhancing the effectiveness of its removal from wastewater has been the focus of numerous research projects. The review will discuss the types of textile dyes, their toxicity, and treatment strategies including physical, chemical, and biological remediation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dyes, Toxicity, Treatment Approaches, Bioremediation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The study aims to analyse the effects of husbands' out-migration on psychological well-being of rural adult left-behind wives in the district of Cooch Behar, India. A sample of 400 wives has been selected for the purpose of this study through snow ball sampling and subsequently they have been interviewed by a structured schedule. The Psychological Well-Being Index of left-behind wives has been calculated based on the indicators namely, household responsibilities, decision-making, mobility and social relations, life satisfaction and psychological problems. To identify the difference in Psychological Well-being of left behind wives suffering from different levels of husband's absence, One-Way ANOVA has been carried out. The results shows short-term duration of husband's absence brings more psychological well-being than long term absence.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Rural left-behind wives; Out-migration; Psychological Well-being; Long-term absence; Loneliness.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper investigates the causal impact of individual stocks listed on the Indian Stock Exchange, focusing on those giving more than 7.2% returns over the past decade (2013-2023) - Multibagger Stocks. Utilizing independent variables such as historical price-to-earnings ratio (PE), operational efficiency (OPM), profitability metrics (return on capital employed and equity), growth indicators (sales and profit growth), and capital structure (debt-to-equity and price-to-book/cash flow ratios), the study aims to discern the principal determinants of long-term stock performance. Employing Multiple Regression Analysis, the research establishes the relationship between these variables and stock prices. It seeks to identify the primary drivers behind substantial wealth accumulation for investors and establish a hierarchy of importance for contemporary retail investors when making equity investment decisions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Multi Bagger, Debt to Equity, Sales Growth, Return on Equity, Return on Capital Employed, Operational Profit Margin, Price Earning Ratio, Profit Growth, Price-to-book Ratio, Price-to-free cash flow

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

?? ????? ???? ????????????, ???????????, ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????, ?????, ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???-??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

???? ?????, ???, ???? ?????, ??????, ????????????, ????????????

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Information technology (IT) organizations' performance and long-term viability are significantly influenced by the motivation of their workforce. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence employee motivation in IT companies located in Coimbatore. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, to provide comprehensive insights. The quantitative component involves distributing structured surveys to employees of several IT companies located in Coimbatore. These surveys assess a wide range of motivational factors, including opportunities for career growth, job satisfaction, work-life balance, recognition, and extrinsic and internal variables. Regression analysis is one of the statistical analytic approaches that will be used in this study to identify the most important predictors of employee motivation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

internal and external variables, work-life balance, employee motivation, job satisfaction, and recognition.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the drug industry, rivalry and market relationships are growing. Outlines the requirements for the primary marketing provision's attributes and its purposeful, scientific use in relation to the population's drug supply. The marketing tactics of pharmacies and pharmaceutical businesses enable them to react adapting efficiently to alterations in the external environment, customer demands, and organizational proficiencies for market research and analysis-driven managerial choices. Marketing has a wide range of uses, from planning and product creation to after-sales support and analyzing customer feedback. Marketing is essential when entering a foreign market in order to increase exports. Proficient product marketing is a conventional approach acknowledged by the global business community as crucial for enterprises aiming to accomplish their desired results. Its range is wide, covering anything from over-the-counter (OTC) products to prescription drugs that could save lives to medical equipment. The manufacture of Pharma products is based on these excellent educational experiences, which are so important that Pharmaceutical Education is included in Medical Education as a separate section. The skills required to bring these medications to market are clear indications of the efforts made by pharmaceutical marketers. Pharm marketing is different from regular product marketing in that it emphasizes additional needs rather than wants because it belongs to the realm of necessities. This is due to the fact that most people don't intend to buy drugs or medical.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Marketing and pharmaceutical marketing .

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As technology advances, the integration of virtual assistants into daily life becomes increasingly prevalent. This research project introduces a Python-based virtual assistant, inspired by Jarvis, designed to enhance user interaction through language understanding and synthesized speech. The system leverages two key APIs: a Language Model (LLM) API for natural language processing and a Text-to-Speech (TTS) API for converting textual responses into spoken words.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Large language models, Virtual assistants, Human-like interactions, Natural Language Understanding

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Geotourism is defined as travel that preserves or improves a location's natural features, including its surroundings, culture, aesthetics, history, and inhabitants' quality of life. Geotourism makes no assumptions regarding location. It suggests locations as well. Geotourism, reduced to its most basic form, is travel related to geology and geomorphology. In addition to its historical and cultural significance, Bundi is a well-liked tourist destination in Rajasthan. It also offers a lot of potential for geotourism. Bundi is a natural gift from the earth. Because of the abundance of a wide variety of geological phenomena and byproducts, including among many other landform's structure, residual hills, folding, faulting, waterfalls, river valleys, rock features, and many more, many sites in the Bundi district have direct potential for geotourism. Even though geotourism has tremendous potential for the sustainable growth of the Bundi district and the state's tourism industry overall. However, neither private individuals nor government organizations have made any real attempts to investigate the possibility of geotourism in the Bundi district yet. The purpose of this proposed study is to expand geotourism opportunities in the Bundi area and Garadia Mahadev, with the goal of becoming Bundi a globally recognized geotourism destination.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bundi, Garadia Mahadev, Geofeatures, Geotourism, Rajasthan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

FEM has high potential to be applied in other areas, such as in agricultural engineering. This paper aims to present a review of the FEM applications in these agricultural engineering areas. One of the main numerical methods used in modeling and simulations is the finite element method (FEM). This research is focused on agricultural mechanization, agricultural product processing, since these are agricultural engineering areas with highest number of publications using FEM. The 3D-dimensional model of Multi - purposed cutting machine was created in SolidWorks 2021 and then the stress analysis was carried out using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to obtain optimum dimensions of different parts and to analyze the maximum stress and deformation in each component of the system. FEM enables to optimize and simulate the complex agricultural machinery and to investigate the stresses and deformations induced in the parts well before product development to avoid failure in the later phase of field evaluation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sugarcane Seed Cutting, Groundnut Stripper, Solid Works, ANSYS, Finite Element Analysis, Static Structural Analysis.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition