Volume 8 | Issue 12

 Abstract

Ceylon tea supply chain is one of the oldest supply chains in Sri Lanka. The tea supply chain provides a significant contribution to balancing tea demand and supply. However, Sri Lanka�s share of world tea production and the share of world exports gradually decreasing. The twin goals of cost reduction and service enhancement can be achieved through effective management of logistics activities and logistics efficiency. Therefore, the study carries out to calculate the logistics cost in the tea supply chain based on five small scale tea factories in Yatinuwara. The logistics cost in the tea supply chain was analyzed by transport cost, warehouse cost, and package cost. The study found that transport cost has occupied half of the total logistics cost in the tea supply chain in Sri Lanka. Warehouse cost was the lowest cost component of the total logistics cost. The portion of the labour cost is very high for all the logistics activities in the tea supply chain. The contribution of the logistics cost to the overall tea production cost remains at one-digit percent among the small-scale tea factories in Sri Lanka.

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Logistics cost, Tea suppl chain, Ceylon tea, Supply chain management, Logistics management, Sri Lanka

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ABSTRACT Background: Medical practitioners� life satisfaction is a considerable matter as it will help them to cope up with stress and a positive adaptation with their busy schedule. Aim: This study examined the medical practitioners� satisfaction of life as a whole. Method: A descriptive cross�sectional survey research design was pursued for data collection. A convenience sampling method was adopted to collect data from 329 private medical practitioners using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Results: The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) revealed that SWLS is a single factor model presents a good fit to the data (?2 (5) = 23.60, p < .01, RMSEA=0.107, CFI=0.971, TLI = 0.971 & GFI=0.973). The results revealed that 63.6% of participants were satisfied with their life as whole. In addition, 25% of the participants were slightly satisfied with their overall life. Whereas, least number of participants (2.1%) were dissatisfied and 6.9% of participants were slightly dissatisfied with their life as whole. Furthermore, less number of participants was undecided about their overall life satisfaction. There were significant differences in medical practitioners� life satisfaction across experience. Conclusion: The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that all the items of Diener et al., (1985) scales were contributing to measure conscious evaluation of medical practitioners� satisfaction of a life as a whole. Medical Practitioners satisfaction with life as a whole is a key factor connected with their happiness which ultimately contributes to pleasing treatment with others life. For that reason, medical practitioners� life satisfaction needs to be cherished in healthcare setting.

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KEYWORDS: Medical practitioner, Life satisfaction, Cross sectional study, Confirmatory factor analysis

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The effect of temperature on corrosion inhibition of Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth) leave extract with Zn2+ on the of mild steel was investigated by gravimetric method at the temperature range of 308 K to 348 K in 60 ppm Cl- containing aqueous medium. The slopes and R2 values, for the temperature ranges from 308 � 348 K, are very close to unity indicates the adherence to Langmuir adsorption isotherms Langmuir adsorption isotherm related to the monolayer formation on metal surface and is also characteristic of physical adsorption (or) electrostatic adsorption.

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Water hyacinth, mild steel, Adsorption isotherm, corrosion inhibition

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The Sundarbans is located in the south of West Bengal. The main features of the ecosystem here are the saline soils in the coastal river valleys and delta areas. Where there are different types of forests, it is called mangrove forest. After the partition of India in 1947, an area of about 6017 square kilometers was included in India. This mangrove forest is rich in a species of plant called Sundari which is named after the Sundarbans. The largest mangrove forest in the world is West Bengal and the Sundarbans in the south of Bangladesh. Its range is between 21 degrees 30 minutes north to 22 degrees 30 minutes north latitude and 88 degrees 40 minutes east to 90 degrees east longitude. Its area is about 9630 square kilometers. Due to its ecological importance, it has been included in the World Heritage List. This region is very important in terms of biodiversity. There are different species of Flora, Fauna, mammals, avifauna, aquafuna, marine mammals etc. Notable species include Royal Bengal Tiger, Gangetic Dolphins, Sundari Tree, Olive Ridley Turtle, Kingfisher etc. There are about 40 species of mammals, 150 species of fish, 270 species of birds, 35 species of reptiles. However, the current Sundarbans region has some environmental problems that, if left unresolved, could lead to the destruction of the world's largest mangrove forest in the future.

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Largest delta, Mangrove, Royal Bengal Tiger, Sundari Tree, Environment Issues

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Multivariate data consisting of four features namely, Sepal Length, Sepal Width, Petal Length and Petal Width of three species namely Iris_Setosa, Iris_Versicolor and Iris_Verginica of iris flower is taken under study .In taxonomy classification of flowers is important but mostly the approach is subjective leading to misclassification. Being objective in nature data analysts can provide better solution with quantifiable misclassification. The data set of Iris flowers fetching the attraction of many data science learners .In this paper probability distributions of four features of all the three species of Iris flower are fitted. It is observed that all the four features have different statistical distributions.

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Iris flower, Probability Distributions, skewness.

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Background: Adverse drug reactions reporting in India are inadequate due to lack of awareness in patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs). The main objective of this study to identify and characterize adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients admitted in intensive care units (ICU) of a newly established tertiary care teaching hospital in south Rajasthan. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study conducted in 910 patients who experienced ADRs in ICU from October 2018- March 2019. ADRs were classified based on Naranjo�s probability scale, Modified Hartwig�s criteria of severity and Schumock�Thornton preventability scale. Further, ADRs were analyzed in terms of age group, gender, organ system and number of drugs involved. Results: Out of 910 study patients, 127 patients (13.95%) developed 152 ADRs. Antimicrobials drugs were suspected to have caused the majority (37.5%) of the ADRs. The most affected organ systems were the gastrointestinal system (42%) and dermatological system (25%). Number of patients with ADRs was significantly more in patients (48.9%) prescribed ?10 drugs. On the causality scale, 58% ADRs were probably related to suspected medications. About 88% ADRs were probably preventable and 57% ADRs were moderately severe. Conclusion: Majority of ADRs are possible in ICU setup. Based on the findings a rigorous study is recommended to determine the burden and identify the risk factors of adverse drug reactions to target interventions. Importance of such studies and need for creating awareness among health professionals about looking for and reporting such reactions.

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Adverse drug reactions, Intensive care unit, Antibiotics, Prospective study

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The present study narrates the history of the political, social, and economic history of Tamil Nadu from the Sangam age to the Paligar rule. Archaeological evidence shows that the ancient Tamil dynasties trade contacts with South Asian and European countries. The popular handicrafts of the Sangam period like weaving, metal works and carpentry, shipbuilding and, making ornaments using beads, stones, and ivory were commodities of internal and external trade. The port city of Puhar became an emporium of foreign trade, as big ships entered this port with precious goods. Other ports of commercial activity include Tondi, Musiri, Korkai, Arikkamedu, and Marakkanam. More than 2500 years ago Tamil kingdoms had carried out extensive trade with the West. External trade had been revived during the period of Pallavas. The foreign merchants were known as Nanadesi. Mamallapuram, Vasavasamudram, and Mylapore were the important seaports of the Pallavas. Rapid changes in the political situation of the rest of India occurred due to incursions of Muslim armies from the northwest and the decline of the three ancient dynasties during the 14th century, the Tamil country became part of the Vijayanagara Empire. The greatest of the Maratha rulers was Serfoji II (1798� 1832). Serfoji devoted his life to the pursuit of culture and Thanjavur became renowned as a seat of learning. The administration of the southern districts of Tamil Nadu was fragmented with hundreds of Poligars or Palayakkarars governing a few villages each. Trade and industrial activities of south Indians welcomed by western countries before the Industrial revolution.

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Tamil Kingdoms, trade, industry, contact with Rome and Greek, rapid changes , Vijayanagar, Marathas, Poligars

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Collected three species of Homonoia from Andhra Pradesh which consists of three in the world; taxonomic, ecological and conservation status have been provided for all species. And Homonoia intermedia new distribution to Andhra Pradesh.

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Homonoia, three species, intermedia, new reocrd, Andhra Pradesh, India, World.

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The methods and techniques with respect to medical image analysis have improved over the years from time taking manual analysis to the point where image analysis can be done with minimal amount of human interaction. Deep learning has emerged to be a promising technique apart from the other machine learning algorithms because of its precision, efficiency and accuracy. It is being implemented into the different imaging tasks namely, classification, segmentation and registration. This review paper will be concentrating on the classification techniques used primarily in medical imaging.

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Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Medical Imaging, Image Classification.

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Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm FANI was the strongest tropical cyclone to strike the Indian state of Odisha since the 1999 Odisha super cyclone. The highest wind speed was 250 km/h. It took place on 3rd and 4th May 2019. The cyclone �FANI� has affected the water supply and distribution in the affected areas of Odisha. It has affected severely three districts Cuttack, Khordha and Puri. Water is considered as most important life supporting natural resource. Two important parameters of water are quantity and quality. Quantity and quality of water both affect human health in different ways. Water quality is the condition of water relative to the requirement of one or more biotic species and human need or purpose .The water should be tested once each year for Total Coliform bacteria, nitrates, total dissolved solids and pH values. The present investigation is aimed at assessing the current water quality standard of the river MAHANADI in terms of physicochemical parameters after the cyclone FANI. The different parameters measured in the present study are pH, DO, Total Hardness, BOD, COD and Total Coliform.

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Mahanadi, pH, DO, Total Hardness, BOD, COD, Total Coliform

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The contagious disease which brought several challenges to entire human community in 2019 has created a history in the 21st Century. World Health Organization announced a name for the new coronavirus disease as COVID-19 on 11 February 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic began in Wuhan, China in 2019 reached to the 175 countries by March 2020 and is still accelerating in different parts across the world. This pandemic has become a serious concern for the governments and for the people of different countries that has affected economy, society, environment, and human behavioral pattern. Amidst the National Lockdown during the pandemic, India is facing and dealing with several challenges. The number of patients of COVID-19 are increasing day-by-day and Medical experts are still struggling to get coronavirus vaccine. Lifestyles of people have changed a lot in a very short span of time. The paper deals with the challenges and impact of COVID-19. The paper also focuses on lifestyle of human community due to the pandemic in special context of India.

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Contagious Disease, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Human Community, Pandemic

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City spaces are usually perceived in connection with cityscapes and thereby it revolves around dynamic spaces which people share together. The predominance of public spaces in the city often homogenise diverse experiences in those shared spaces through subjectivation and simultaneity. But the anonymity that a city provides ensures privacy even in the most public spaces. The experiences in a city are therefore collective and simultaneous yet exclusively personal. The tinai definition of Akam and Puram, which explores private and public spheres, is manifested differently in city. The negotiations of individuals in both these realms are varied. The paper intends to explore the city of Calicut in terms of its Akam and Puram. The monotony of mushrooming residential structures is juxtaposed with the heterogeneity of public and private spaces. The research pre-empts to map the city by converging the multitude of negotiations that simultaneously take place in the public and private spaces. The idea of public spaces in the city itself will be revisited in connection with the concept of privacy that one could claim in a city due to anonymity. A city is monumental in history and time. The historicity of Calicut is explored in the paper through analysing cultural negotiations. The paper would broadly map the city through the lens of gender, religious communities and caste as the perception of Calicut demands adequate exploration of these areas. It intends to explore the city of Calicut across the colonial and postcolonial epochs. Hence the Akam and Puram of the city would be analysed in connection with modernity and globalisation too. The research intends to take photographs, testimonials and specific city spaces into account for further exploration.

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Akam and Puram, Simultaneity, Modernity, Caste and Community

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According to primary data, almost twice the variations exist between marginal and small farmers of total average income. The present paper want to analyse the factors responsible for these variations in Bareilly, where the vegetable crops cultivation in this state. More specifically, in this paper we want to examine the various inputs expenditure like expenditure on seeds, irrigation, fertilisers, pesticides, labour and transport influencing the variations among marginal farmers, small farmers and total average income of these farmers in Bareilly. To achieve the objectives of this paper primary data has collected through multiple random sampling in this district. The results indicate that marginal farmers income highly influenced by one factor significantly, whereas small farmers income influenced by three factors and total average income influenced by two factors significantly.

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Vegetable Net Income, Marginal Farmers, Small Farmers, Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh

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As the utilization of vehicles is expanding radically, the risks because of vehicles is additionally expanded. The fundamental driver for mishaps is rapid, flushed and drive, redirecting minds, over pressure and because of electronic devices. This paper manages mishap discovery framework that happens because of thoughtlessness of the individual who is driving the vehicle. This presents mishap cautioning framework which alarms the individual who is driving the vehicle. On the off chance that the individual isn't in a situation to control the vehicle, at that point the mishap happens. When the mishap happens to the vehicle this framework will send data to enlisted mobile number

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Arduino, GSM Module, Vibration sensor, Accident detection

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Since ancient times Indians have been moving to the hostland for various reasons. Generally, this kind of concept is known as `diaspora` Though they settle there, live a better life, but they never totally disconnect from their roots and motherland. We can see these things in the writings of Indian diasporic writers. Attia Hosain was one of the remarkable Indo-British writers. Sunlight on a Broken Column was the first and only novel written by Attia Hosain. In the novel, she beautifully describes the lifestyle of the Indian Muslim taluqadar family; Indian customs, cultures, traditions, and lifestyles of different communities-upper class and lower class live happily together before the partition. It is a semi-autobiographical novel. In the novel, Attia expressed her memories through her words and fictional characters.

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Indianness, Attia Hosain, Indian, Muslim, Talluqadar, Diaspora, Indo-British, novel, Sunlight on a Broken Column.

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Social media marketing is the new Mantra for several brands since early last year. Social media has made communication a lot easier than ever before. It is the medium to socialize and it plays a marketing role and provides great opportunities for marketing products and services. It helps in bringing in new customers or clients and helps better to serve its existing customers. All types of business are getting involved in social media in an attempt to reach to a new audience and reinforce their ties with existing customers. As one is starting a new business, the major concern is with creating a product or service offering, finding first customers, to help grow more quickly and ensuring one has enough money to sustain the company. Social media tools such as face book, twitter, You Tube and LinkedIn reach consumers in innovative ways. The purpose of this study is to understand how owners of startups recognize using social media to grow their business and use social media to engage with their customers.

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Social Media, Business, Audience, Marketing products and Services

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Job satisfaction is one of the most broadly researched topics in the area of organizational behaviour and human recourse management. Satisfied faculty members are likely to be more productive and committed to their job. Due to globalization of higher education sector there is a lot of migration of faculty members towards good opportunities, overall growth and satisfied job. Higher education sector is more teaching centric service, which is advancing rapidly in recent years. Ensuring faculty member�s job satisfaction is important to retain the faculty members and to deliver lecture effectively to the students to learn a lot. This paper presents review of past literature of job satisfaction among agricultural faculty members. The purpose of the review is to identify gaps and explore different factors affecting job satisfaction. On the basis of previous literature review, it has been found that apart from gender differences and performance, age-group, married and unmarried, family background and work output and social identity other motivational factors such as recognition, working conditions, achievement, opportunities for growth and development where positively correlated with job satisfaction. The researcher also found that job satisfaction of faculty members is very critical aspect for all the agricultural universities and it affects performance of faculty members and quality of education in all the agricultural universities. Thus this area of job satisfaction among faculty members is a well-researched and well discussed topic all over the world.

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Job satisfaction, Agricultural faculty members, Factors affecting job satisfaction.

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One of the most difficult factors to account for into Transport is the time to reach destination in right time. Buses, trains and carrier may be late for any number of reasons, from traffic congestion, to bad weather, to vehicle failures. Late buses can cause riders to opt for other forms of transit, losing revenue for the transit authority and encouraging car usage.The rate of increasing the number of vehicles is at points even more than the overall population increase rate, which leads to more congested and dangerous roadwaysMachine learning techniques can be used here to accurately predict time oft transport arrivals based on real-times transport position data and factors like traffic congestion, expected operational delays, as well as the time it takes to load passengers at different stops.Few machine learning techniques applied and compare this machine learning filtering algorithm.

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Transportation, Road Accidents, Machine Learning

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Abstract: Viruses cause various diseases and syndrome in humans. Some have even evolved with time to show infection in humans. Human Beta coronaviruses of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and influenza virus are very common pandemic caused viruses. Even the symptoms, transmission and the severity of the disease also very close to each other. But, current pandemic caused SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality rate was too high. At present, there are no specific, effective drugs or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.But, there are some drugs, vaccines, treatment and prevention of influenza virus are available. Based on this information, this study highlighted to compare the genomic sequence and GC content of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and influenza viruses. From this study we conclude SARS-CoV-2 sequence has high genomic variety of due to this reason it�s get consecutive transmutation.

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SARS-CoV-2, COVID 19, SARS-CoV-1, influenza viruses, H1N1, H3N2

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As an important sector of Indian economy, gems and jewellery sector plays vital role in Indian economy. In this research paper researcher analysed a study of sources and applications of funds of selected gems and jewellery companies. For this study researcher uses secondary data method as collection of data. For the analysis of data researcher has use trend analysis as accounting tool and analysis of variance (ANOVA) as statistical tool. After applying this tool researcher found that some sources of fund have significant difference i.e. equity share capital, reserve and surplus and some sources of fund have no significant difference i.e. total debt between the companies. On the other side researcher found that there is no significant difference in application of fund between the companies.

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Sources of fund, Application of fund and Gems and Jewellery

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