Volume 13 | Issue 12

 Abstract

Nanoparticles contribute to eco-friendly and convent to physical and chemical methodand sustainable of green synthesis.In this review bacteria has biological factories breakdown of gold/silver nanoparticles of their capability to decrease metal ions from metabolic and enzymatic process. The bacterial cell compounds and metabolites have ability to reduce and stabilizing agent that have capability to formation of nanoparticles with under control morphology and size.The green synthesis is a eco-friendly synthesis which leads to usage of harmful chemical,decreases consumption of energy and pose pathway of sustainable in high scale production of nanoparticles.Their are varies techniques which are used gold/silver nanoparticles as characterized while biosynthesis,techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy [FITR],Scanning Electron Microscopy[SEM],UV-Visible Spectroscopy,X-Ray Diffraction[XRD].The nanoparticles are synthesized and they contribute important to antioxidants activity and significant microbial.They leads to environmental remediation production of medicines and nanotechnology.Synthesis of gold/silver nanoparticles process is eco-friendly which is harmless to environment.

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A REVIEW ON GREEN SYNTHESIS OF GOLD/SILVER NANOPRATICLES USING BACTERIA

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The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has introduced vulnerabilities within India's FinTech sector. These vulnerabilities are mainly adversarial attacks, deepfake fraud, and algorithmic bias. This current study has done a qualitative document analysis to evaluate the alignment of AI risks affecting the fintech sector and the regulatory framework of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The study has found that the RBI has a robust governance layer. The RBI requires banks to use outsourced services with strict liability, consumer consent, and full accountability. However, this study has found that RBI policies have largely failed to implement specific technical and model-level safeguards. For core practices like mandatory algorithmic fairness audits, model robustness testing, and specific methodologies for explainability, there is no binding requirement in RBI's regulatory framework. The study finally concludes that RBI has existing strong governance principles. Therefore, RBI's framework must evolve to integrate granular technical standards. This creates a safeguard for the digital financial ecosystem against complicated threats of modern AI and Generative AI systems.

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Key Words: RBI Regulation, FinTech Risk, AI Governance, Algorithmic Bias, Generative AI.

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Third molar (wisdom tooth) management in elderly patients raises clinical, ethical, and medico-legal challenges. As age increases, the balance between the potential benefits of removal (resolution of pain, infection, periodontal damage) and the increased risks of surgery (complications, slower healing, comorbidities) changes. This narrative review synthesizes literature from the last 10-15 years (2010-2025), highlights ethical frameworks for shared decision-making, discusses risk stratification, consent capacity (including cognitive impairment), alternatives (conservative management, coronectomy), and offers practical recommendations for clinicians. The paper aims to provide an evidence-based, ethically grounded approach for oral surgeons and dentists faced with decisions about third molar treatment in older adults.

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Third molar; wisdom tooth; elderly; ethics; decision-making; informed consent; coronectomy; risk stratification

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Microplasticshavenowbeenrecognizedasemergingandpersistentenvironmental contaminantsofgreatecologicalandpublichealthsignificance.Microplasticsaredefined asplastics<5mminsize,MPsgeneratefromthedegradationoflargerplasticdebris (secondarymicroplastics)orareproducedatthemicroscopicsizeforuseindustriallyand commerciallyonpurpose(primarymicroplastics).Theirsmallsize,chemicalstability,and hydrophobicsurfacefacilitatetheadsorptionoftoxicchemicalsandheavymetals.As particles,theyarenowwelldocumentedwithinmarine,freshwater,terrestrial,and atmosphericenvironments,includingfoodchainsandhumanbiologicalsystems.This paperbringstogetherrecentevidenceonsourcesandtypes,environmentalfate,eco- systemimpactswithgrowingevidenceofhumanexposureeffectsandtoxicity;itfurther demonstratesnewlyemergingdetectiontechniques,regulatorychallenges,andfuture directions in mitigation.

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AshortreviewonMicroplastics

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Because of their proactive role in promoting health and preventing disease, functional foods have gained significant international attention. Cookies are among some of the most popular baked food that have potentially high ability to transfer therapeutic substances successfully into the human body. This research critically assesses functional cookies that could be enhanced with powdered flaxseed and moringa leaves, which are rich sources of nutrients and bioactive substances.Moringa gives proteins, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants; flaxseed delivers omega-3 fatty acids, lignans, and fiber--everything required for growth and survival. According to the nutritional studies included in this review, using these powders in place of some of the wheat flour improves functional qualities, adds antioxidant benefits, and raises nutritional values while maintaining tolerably high levels of sensory qualities! As a result, these enriched cookies may become in-demand goods on the market as extremely wholesome and healthful snacks.

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A REVIEW ON DEVOLOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL COOKIES ENRICH WITH FLAX SEEDS AND MORINGA POWDER

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The genus Streptomyces is the largest and one of the most diverse group of actinobacteria, which are economically important as soil inhabitants. Streptomyces spp. are G+ filamentous bacteria known for their complex life cycle and the production of a large part of the secondary metabolites, including more than two-thirds of clinically used antibiotics. These organisms are also important in soil ecology, by actively degrading a wide range of organic matter and impacting the cycling of carbon and nitrogen. Recent developments in genome sequencing and synthetic biology have provided new possibilities for the activation of silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in strains of Streptomyces with the aim of discovering novel bioactive compounds. In this review, we will describe the taxonomy and morphology/ecology of streptomyces and their ecophysiologcal functions, biotechnological significance and recent trends in research efforts f or isolation of novel strains.

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Ashort review on Streptomyces species

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This quantitative, correlational study investigates the long-term impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on Adulthood Career Satisfaction. Using a sample of the working adult population, the study examines the direct relationship between cumulative ACE scores and reported career satisfaction, while specifically analyzing the moderating role of Resilience. The research hypothesizes a significant negative relationship between ACEs and Career Satisfaction, which is expected to be attenuated (weakened) by higher levels of individual Resilience. Preliminary results indicated significant demographic influences, with Gender, Age (above 50 years), and Educational Qualification (Undergraduate) all showing significant differences in the measured constructs. The findings underscore the complex interplay of early trauma and protective factors in shaping vocational success and well-being.

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ACE, resilience, Career growth

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Using machine learning models and fingerprint pattern analysis, this study introduces a novel biometric-based method for blood group prediction. The suggested system takes pictures of fingerprints, preprocesses them to improve the ridges, and then extracts features like texture parameters, orientation field, and ridge count. A supervised classification model that predicts the subject's Rh and ABO blood groups is trained using these features. The CNN-based model outperforms more conventional classifiers like KNN and SVM, according to experimental evaluation using a custom dataset. The findings show a strong relationship between blood group inheritance patterns and dermatoglyphic traits. By combining genetic trait analysis and image processing, this study advances the rapidly developing field of biomedical biometrics and opens the door to effective, non-invasive medical diagnostics. This study uses a hybrid image-processing and deep-learning pipeline to study the non-invasive prediction of ABO and Rh blood groups from fingerprint images. We examine dermatoglyphic correlations that have been documented in the literature, explain how to collect and preprocess datasets, extract handcrafted features (such as ridge density, minutiae statistics, and texture descriptors), and contrast end-to-end Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with traditional machine-learning classifiers (SVM, Random Forest, and KNN). With an accuracy of approximately 82.3 Index Terms--Blood group detection, fingerprint analysis, machine learning, biometrics, biomedical engineering

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Blood Group ,Biometrics

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The butterfly pea, or Clitoria ternatea L., is a medicinal plant that is abundant in bioactive substances and possesses exceptional anticancer and antioxidant qualities. The Clitoria ternatea plant has significant therapeutic properties and is frequently planted as an attractive plant. Its edible flower is also referred to as butterfly pea or blue pea. The high concentration of polyacylated anthocyanins, or ternatins, is what makes blue pea blooms unusual among anthocyanins. Polyacylated derivatives of delphinidin 3,3?,5?-triglucoside are called ternatins. The biosynthesis, extraction, stability, and antioxidant activity are all covered in this review. Strong free radical scavenging action and the ability to stop the growth of cancer cells are displayed by its floral pigments, which are primarily anthocyanins (ternatins), flavonoids, and phenolic compounds.According to DPPH free radical scavenging experiments, the antioxidant capacity of butterfly pea flower extracts was highest between pH 4 and pH 7 and rapidly declined above pH 7. The aforementioned findings suggest that butterfly pea blossoms have a lot of potential in the food business and offer a theoretical foundation for their use.

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A REVIEW ARTICLE ON ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF CLITORIA TERNATEA (Butterfly Pea)

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Candida albicans is a versatile fungal species that normally lives harmlessly within the human microbiota but can become pathogenic under certain conditions, especially in immunocompromised or critically ill individuals. This review summarizes current insights into its morphological adaptability, virulence traits, biofilm development, host immune interactions, and mechanisms of antifungal resistance. The discussion also covers the clinical burden of candidiasis--from mucosal infections to invasive disease--and emerging strategies to address drug resistance. Recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a critical fungal pathogen, C. albicans demands urgent attention toward improved diagnostics, therapeutics, and preventive measures.

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Candida albicans: Pathogenesis, Antifungal Resistance, and Emerging Challenges

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Nowadays, technological advancement is increasing rapidly, and the global demand for energy in the automobile sector is rising significantly. People should reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and start using natural or biological sources as sustainable alternatives. Microorganisms like yeast and bacteria play a vital role in the production of biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and biodegradation. These microorganisms produce diverse enzymes that can convert complex organic materials into simple molecules, which are rich in energy and can be used to produce biofuels.

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A REVIEW ARTICLE ON YEAST AND BACTERIA IN SUSTAINABLE BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

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There are many uses by agriculture wastes, some of the Agro- wastes are husks, vegetables and fruits peels, maize or corn stalks and cobs, soybean husk, grass clippings and some other crop residues. Mostly fungi is used in biodegradation of agro wastes but it is cost effective to convert these crop wastes into useful products. Fermentative and edible food fungi is mostly used in daily life to gain essential nutrients, this review mostly focus on Pleurotus ostreatus commonly called as oyster mushrooms.It is also known as saprophytic basidiomycetes fungus these mushrooms are mostly grown in dead and decaying plants and biomass.

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A REVIEW ON BIODEGRADATION OF AGRO-WASTE BY FUNGI FERMENTATIVE AND EDIBLE FOOD FUNGI (PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS MUSHROOMS)

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Eclipta alba has been traditionally used in folk remedy, both Ayurveda and Siddha. The herb Eclipta alba contains many bioactive components such as coumestans i.e. wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone, triterpenes, flavonoids, steroids, polypeptides, polyacetylenes and thiophene-derivatives. The plant is known to have some important pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antinociceptive, analgesic, antinflammatory, antiviral, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory activity, etc. Traditionally, it is used as an immunomodulator, antioxidant, hair growth promoter, for rejuvenation, dehydration, and skin disorders. The reported uses include anticancer, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antihyperlipedemic, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidiabetic activity[1].Th[e traditional knowledge with its holistic and systematic approach supported through experimental base can serve as an innovative and powerful discovery of natural 5?-reductase inhibitor. E. alba shows no signs of toxicity in rats and mice.

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bioactive compounds of E. alba and their role in microbial pathogen control.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous, opportunistic bacterium that both spoils food and causes staphylococcal food poisoning through preformed enterotoxins. This review summarizes its prevalence in foods, mechanisms that allow survival and toxinogenesis (including biofilm formation), clinical importance of enterotoxins, detection methods, and practical control strategies in food production and handling. Key research gaps and future directions are highlighted.

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A short Review on Staphylococcus aureus

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, naturally occurring molecules that play a crucial role in the innate immune defense of virtually all living organisms. These peptides exhibit potent activity against a broad range of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and even certain parasites. In recent years, AMPs have gained significant attention as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics, particularly amid escalating global antibiotic resistance. This review provides a detailed overview of AMP structure, classification, and mechanisms of action, highlights their potential therapeutic applications, and discusses current challenges and future perspectives in their development as clinically viable antimicrobial agents.

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A Review on Antimicrobial Peptides

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ThegenusLactobacillusconsistsofGram-positive,non-spore-forming,lacticacid- producingbacteriathatinhabithumanandanimalmucosalsurfacesandfermented foods.Increasinglystudiedasprobiotics,lactobacillihavebeenassociatedwithbenefitsforguthealth,metabolicandimmuneregulation,andpreventionof gastrointestinaldisorders.Atthesametime,emergingevidencehighlightsstrain- specificdifferencesinefficacy,andraresafetyconcerns(e.g.,bacteremia)inimmunocompromisedhosts.Thisreviewsummarisesthetaxonomy,physiology, mechanismsofaction,clinicalevidenceandsafetyconsiderationsofLactobacillus.It alsoidentifiesgapsintheliteratureandproposesdirectionsforfutureresearch.

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A REVIEW ON LACTOBACILLUS BACTERIA

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This study examined the socio-economic determinants affecting workforce efficiency among public health personnel, with the aim of identifying key factors and proposing evidence-based interventions to support these dedicated professionals. Utilizing a quantitative-correlational research design, the study gathered valuable insights from 353 public health professionals across Central Luzon. Findings revealed that socio-economic determinants including income, job security, and living conditions received neutral assessments (grand mean = 3.31), indicating a stable foundation with opportunities for enhancement. Education, notably, was viewed positively (M = 3.99), demonstrating strong professional preparation. Encouragingly, workplace factors such as collaboration and teamwork (M = 4.09), role clarity (M = 4.04), management support (M = 3.75), organizational culture (M = 3.72), and overall satisfaction (M = 3.64) all garnered favorable ratings. Workforce efficiency achieved a commendable grand mean of 3.85, reflecting strong performance levels among health professionals. Correlation analysis revealed meaningful relationships between income and organizational culture (p = 0.030), education and overall satisfaction (p = 0.030), and living conditions with both collaboration (p = 0.024) and workplace culture (p = 0.001). These connections provide valuable insights into areas where targeted support could yield the greatest positive impact. The key areas where additional support would be most beneficial were identified as workforce capacity and workload distribution (84.4%), opportunities to enhance compensation structures and timeliness (81.3%), medical supplies and equipment availability (78.2%), optimizing patient-to-staff ratios (75.1%), and upgrading facility conditions (72%). Supportive measures proposed included strategic hiring initiatives, wellness programs, competitive salary standardization, strengthened procurement systems, balanced workload distribution, digital innovation adoption, and facility modernization. The study concluded that while workplace environment and workforce efficiency demonstrated positive outcomes, socio-economic factors present valuable opportunities for growth and development. Recommendations emphasized integrated, supportive policy interventions addressing compensation equity, professional development opportunities, infrastructure modernization, and comprehensive employee welfare programs to further enhance both job satisfaction and service delivery excellence in public health settings.

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socio-economic determinants, workforce efficiency, public health professionals, health service delivery

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Blue-greenalgae,ormoreexactly, photosynthetic prokaryotescyanobacteriaplaya pivotalroleinglobalecosystems;theyaretheancientmicrobiallifeamongthemost earlyoxygenating organisms onEarth and thus contributed highly toatmospheric evolutionary change.Their preferred conditions extend over freshwater versus marinesystems right through extremes of hotsprings and deserts.Theyshow enormous metabolic diversity whereby processes such as nitrogenfixation,carbon sequestration, and sequestration of secondary metabolites can be included. The aspectsinvolveagriculture,biofuelgeneration,orenvironmentalremediationapplied in biotechnology.However, onlysome percentages allow ecological issues sinceit brings harmfulalgalblooms(HABs)thatintroducetoxins.Discussedhere beloware thetaxonomy-structure-ecology-interventions thatsupportsustainabledevelopment and management intervention.

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ReviewArticleonCyanobacteria

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The genus Alcanivorax is a group of marine bacteria that has the capacity to degrade hydrocarbons, and they are important agents in bioremediation in marine oil-polluted environments; once hydrocarbons enter the water column, these bacteria can become numerically dominant in oil-afflicted waters, and use alkanes as their primary source of carbon. This article discusses Alcanivorax taxonomy, hydrocarbon degradation mechanisms, ecological functions, and methods of either stimulating or inhibiting Alcanivorax activity in marine ecosystems. Overall, more knowledge of Alcanivorax species will provide a knowledge base for biotechnological advances for sustainable bioremediation of marine oil spills.

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REVIEW ARTICLE ON ALCANIVORAX BACTERIA: A KEY PLAYER IN MARINE HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION

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The global transition towards electric mobility has created an urgent need for intelligent and efficient electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. Conventional charging systems lack automation, remote monitoring capabilities, and the ability to interact with the power grid, leading to potential grid strain and inefficient energy consumption. This paper presents the design and simulation of a smart, automatic EV charging system leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed system utilizes a NodeMCU (ESP8266) microcontroller as its core, integrated with voltage and current sensors to monitor the battery's state of charge (SoC). A relay module is employed to automatically control the charging process, preventing overcharging and enhancing battery longevity. The system communicates with an IoT cloud platform via the MQTT protocol, enabling users to remotely monitor real-time charging parameters and control the charging operation through a web-based dashboard. The complete system architecture, hardware, software logic, and simulation approach are detailed, demonstrating a cost-effective, reliable, and user-friendly solution for modern EV charging.

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Electric Vehicles (EVs), Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Charging, Energy Management System (EMS), NodeMCU, MQTT.

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