Volume 13 | Issue 12

 Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of inclusive education practices in supporting the academic and social development of primary school children with diverse learning needs. The research explores how differentiated instruction, teacher preparedness, classroom adaptations, and peer-support strategies influence the learning outcomes of students with disabilities in mainstream classrooms. Using a mixed-methods approach--including classroom observations, teacher interviews, and student performance data--the study identifies key factors that promote successful inclusion. Findings reveal that consistent teacher training, individualized learning plans, and collaborative learning environments significantly enhance student engagement and confidence. The study concludes that an integrated, well-supported inclusive model not only benefits children with special needs but also contributes positively to the overall classroom climate and peer relationships. Recommendations include strengthening teacher professional development, increasing access to assistive technologies, and implementing school-wide inclusion policies to ensure equitable learning opportunities for all students.

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We want to promote Inclusive and Special Education in India

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Activity-Based Learning (ABL) is a child-centred, experiential learning approach promoted strongly by NEP-2020, NCF-2005/2023, NIPUN Bharat Mission, and the RTE Act-2009. This study investigates the effect of ABL on Class III students of Bauripara Papurdihi Primary School, Bankura. Thirty-two students participated in structured ABL tasks such as math manipulatives, storytelling, picture-word matching, and EVS sorting activities. Pre-test and post-test assessments, observation checklists, and engagement scales were used. Results revealed a 58% improvement in concept recall, 46% increase in engagement, and remarkable benefits for weak learners (92% progress). ABL significantly improved conceptual clarity, communication, confidence, and inclusiveness. The study concludes that ABL should be integrated into everyday teaching as recommended by national policies.

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Activity-Based Learning, Experiential Learning, Primary Education, NEP 2020, NIPUN Bharat, Student Engagement, Foundational Literacy and Numeracy, Inclusive Education, Collaborative Learning, Rural Schools.

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India's Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) industry has emerged as one of the fastest-growing segments within the broader consumer discretionary sector, supported by rising incomes, urbanization, favorable demographics and a structural shift toward convenience-led dining. Despite healthy long-term growth, the sector faces cyclical pressures due to subdued discretionary spending and persistent food inflation. This paper examines the strategic positioning, operational performance and cross-market dynamics of Sapphire Foods India Ltd --a major franchisee for KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell in India and Sri Lanka--to evaluate whether its equity valuation accurately reflects fundamental growth prospects and macroeconomic risks. Using a hybrid methodology combining industry analysis, financial ratio assessment the study finds that KFC remains the company's core growth engine, supported by strong category leadership and efficient store-format optimization. Pizza Hut India, while currently lagging its primary competitor, is benefitting from strategic repositioning toward value-led, dine-in-centric offerings. The paper also highlights Sri Lanka as a significant contributor to revenue diversification, where the company enjoys market leadership but remains exposed to currency volatility and uneven demand recovery. Overall, the analysis suggests that while long-term structural drivers support a favourable growth trajectory, near-term valuation multiples embed execution risks and consumption uncertainties. The findings contribute to literature on QSR strategy and emerging-market consumer behaviour and offer implications for investors, policymakers and multinational franchise operators.

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Keywords: Quick Service Restaurants, Sapphire Foods India, Devyani International, QSR strategy, Franchising model, Sri Lanka QSR market, Emerging markets

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Cast partial dentures (CPDs) remain a vital treatment modality for restoring function and aesthetics in elderly patients with partial edentulism, especially when fixed or implant-supported options are contraindicated. However, geriatric-specific challenges such as ridge resorption, xerostomia, reduced tissue resilience, and limited dexterity often compromise prosthesis performance and longevity. This review highlights common problems encountered with CPDs in elderly patients including mechanical failures, biological complications, and functional limitations and explores their multifactorial etiologies. Emphasis is placed on pre-emptive clinical measures, precise laboratory interventions, and patient education as essential strategies for troubleshooting and long-term success. Regular follow-up, timely relining, and simplified design modifications enhance comfort, stability, and hygiene maintenance. Future directions involving digital impressions, CAD/CAM fabrication, and advanced materials are poised to revolutionize CPD design and adaptability, improving clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction in geriatric prosthodontics.

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Cast partial denture, Geriatric prosthodontics, Troubleshooting, Retention, Digital dentistry

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21vi sadi ka Bharat: Bharatiya sanvidhan aur saman nagrik sanhita mein vividta aur samanta ka santulan

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21vi sadi ka Bharat: Bharatiya sanvidhan aur saman nagrik sanhita mein vividta aur samanta ka santulan

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Ion-Solid Collision, highly charged ions, X-ray Spectroscopy, charge state distribution, Electron capture.

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The post-pandemic era has irrevocably altered the landscape of work, with remote and hybrid models becoming a staple rather than a temporary fix. This article presents a case study of Sinara Global Ltd., a Hyderabad-based consultancy, exploring how these flexible work models are reshaping recruitment strategy. Through employee survey data and industry analysis, the study reveals that flexibility is now a powerful tool for attracting talent, boosting productivity, and expanding the talent pool, while also introducing new challenges in management and culture. The findings provide a strategic roadmap for organizations aiming to future-proof their talent acquisition.

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The New Recruitment Playbook: Leveraging Remote and Hybrid Work to Win the Talent War

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Food preservatives, which are substances we put to food to prevent deteriorating, are very important. They extend food's shelf life, make it safer to consume, and enable its transportation throughout the globe without spoiling. There is a catch, though. A growing body of research indicates that certain artificial preservatives may have unexpected negative effects on our health. We are discussing issues with gut flora, cancer risks, allergic reactions, DNA damage, and even metabolic diseases. Recent studies on preservatives' mechanisms of action, their uses, associated hazards, and future developments--such as natural substitutes--are compiled in this overview. The lesson learned? Stronger risk assessments, more stringent laws, and safer, more intelligent methods of preserving food are all necessary.

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A REVIEW ON EFFECT OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES IN PICKLES

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This paper compares three major cloud platforms--AWS, Azure, and GCP--to evaluate their scalability, performance, and cost-effectiveness. The study highlights the strengths and limitations of each platform, helping organizations choose the most suitable cloud solution for their needs.

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Cloud Computing, AWS, Azure, GCP, Scalability, Cost Analysis, Performance Benchmarking, Security Compliance, Machine Learning, Total Cost of Ownership, Hybrid Cloud, Enterprise Infrastructure.

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Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the most extensively studied species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), recognized for its probiotic properties and health-promoting effects. It is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, homofermentative bacterium that naturally inhabits the human gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and vagina. Due to its acid tolerance and ability to produce lactic acid, L. acidophilus plays a vital role in maintaining microbial balance, inhibiting pathogens, and enhancing host immunity. This review provides a detailed overview of its taxonomy, morphology, physiology, genome structure, mechanisms of probiotic action, and applications in food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology sectors. Additionally, current challenges and future research perspectives are discussed.

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A Review on Lactobacillus acidophilus

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This research presents the development of a discrete-event simulation model for a parking lot system using the SimPy library in Python. A synthetic dataset of 350 cars was generated to represent realistic parking behavior, including arrival times, waiting durations, parking durations, slot availability, and vehicle departure outcomes. The simulation aims to analyze parking lot performance under varying congestion condi tions, measure queueing delays, and evaluate resource utilization. In addition to simu lation, a Machine Learning (ML) classifier was trained to predict vehicle exit behavior. Results demonstrate that both the simulation and ML model provide meaningful in sights into optimizing parking system operations.

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Parking Lot Simulation using SimPy with a 350-Car Dataset

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This is an article prepared in Malayalam language. This study investigates the effects of delays in implementing the national census on the Anglo-Indian community, a minority group with unique cultural and social characteristics. It examines how postponements impact demographic representation, resource allocation, and policy recognition for this community. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the research highlights the challenges faced by Anglo-Indians due to undercounting and outdated data, which affect their socio-economic development and political visibility. The study underscores the importance of timely census operations to ensure accurate community profiling and equitable inclusion in national planning.

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Census, Anglo Indian Community, Race Identity Crisis, Job

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Candida auris is a newly recognized yeast pathogen that was first identified in 2009 in Japan. Since then, it has spread globally and is now a cause of serious infections, particularly in healthcare settings. These infections often lead to high death rates and pose challenges due to antifungal resistance. The yeast can survive in the environment, colonize patients, and avoid standard identification methods, making detection and control difficult. This review compiles current information on the epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and mechanisms of antifungal susceptibility and resistance of C. auris. It also looks at strategies for preventing and controlling infections. The discussion points out significant gaps in knowledge and urges improvements in surveillance, diagnostics, new treatments, and stricter infection control measures. In conclusion, C. auris is a major emerging fungal threat with many unresolved issues that need immediate attention.

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A REVIEW ON CANDIDA AURIS

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This research explores the implementation of the STRIDE training framework at CSB Bank, aimed at standardizing and enhancing employee development. The study evaluates the effectiveness of STRIDE components such as Training Need Identification, training delivery, feedback, and documentation. A mixed-method approach was used, including surveys and observations across various departments. Results show that well-structured and blended training methods improve employee performance and engagement. Employees preferred personalized, role-specific learning modules. The study concludes that STRIDE supports both individual growth and long-term organizational development.

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Training and Development, Standardized, Bank, Survey.

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Because of their flavor, nutritional content, and health-promoting qualities, citrus fruits (genus citrus) are grown and consumed all over the world. The main types of bioactive substances found in citrus, such as flavonoids, limonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, vitamin C, essential oils, and dietary fibers (pectin), are summarized in this article. Natural phytochemicals called flavonoids provide therapeutic benefits and help prevent a number of diseases. These phytochemicals are primarily present in citrus fruits, but they are also present in seeds, cereals, tea, coffee, wine, and chocolate. The primary bioactive ingredients in citrus fruits are flavonoids, which have several health benefits, particularly antidiabetic ones. Citrus flavonoids are extremely bioactive substances that have antibacterial, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties, among other health advantages. Bioactive phenolic chemicals found in citrus peels provide a number of health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties. Additionally, the wound-causing microbes (S. aureus, E. coli, streptococcus pyogenes, and E. faecalis) are affected by bioactive substances such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, essential oils, limonoids, and vitamins.

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A REVIEW ARTICLE ON BIO ACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN CITRUS FRUITS

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Soil fertility is the major component of sustainable agriculture . The health and productivity of the crop ecosystem largely depend on it. Continuous application of chemical leads to the degradation of soil, nutrient imbalances, and environmental pollution. Biofertilizers, as microbial inoculants comprising living bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria among others, are considered safe for the environment as an alternative input They increase soil fertility by nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere, phosphorus solubilization, and organic matter decomposition . This paper reviews the role, types, mechanisms, effectiveness in raising soil fertility and crop productivity levels, integration into sustainable agricultural systems constraints in their future development that need to be addressed.

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A Short Review on Biofertilizers in Soil Fertility

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Nanoparticles contribute to eco-friendly and convent to physical and chemical methodand sustainable of green synthesis.In this review bacteria has biological factories breakdown of gold/silver nanoparticles of their capability to decrease metal ions from metabolic and enzymatic process. The bacterial cell compounds and metabolites have ability to reduce and stabilizing agent that have capability to formation of nanoparticles with under control morphology and size.The green synthesis is a eco-friendly synthesis which leads to usage of harmful chemical,decreases consumption of energy and pose pathway of sustainable in high scale production of nanoparticles.Their are varies techniques which are used gold/silver nanoparticles as characterized while biosynthesis,techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy [FITR],Scanning Electron Microscopy[SEM],UV-Visible Spectroscopy,X-Ray Diffraction[XRD].The nanoparticles are synthesized and they contribute important to antioxidants activity and significant microbial.They leads to environmental remediation production of medicines and nanotechnology.Synthesis of gold/silver nanoparticles process is eco-friendly which is harmless to environment.

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A REVIEW ON GREEN SYNTHESIS OF GOLD/SILVER NANOPRATICLES USING BACTERIA

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The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has introduced vulnerabilities within India's FinTech sector. These vulnerabilities are mainly adversarial attacks, deepfake fraud, and algorithmic bias. This current study has done a qualitative document analysis to evaluate the alignment of AI risks affecting the fintech sector and the regulatory framework of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The study has found that the RBI has a robust governance layer. The RBI requires banks to use outsourced services with strict liability, consumer consent, and full accountability. However, this study has found that RBI policies have largely failed to implement specific technical and model-level safeguards. For core practices like mandatory algorithmic fairness audits, model robustness testing, and specific methodologies for explainability, there is no binding requirement in RBI's regulatory framework. The study finally concludes that RBI has existing strong governance principles. Therefore, RBI's framework must evolve to integrate granular technical standards. This creates a safeguard for the digital financial ecosystem against complicated threats of modern AI and Generative AI systems.

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Key Words: RBI Regulation, FinTech Risk, AI Governance, Algorithmic Bias, Generative AI.

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Third molar (wisdom tooth) management in elderly patients raises clinical, ethical, and medico-legal challenges. As age increases, the balance between the potential benefits of removal (resolution of pain, infection, periodontal damage) and the increased risks of surgery (complications, slower healing, comorbidities) changes. This narrative review synthesizes literature from the last 10-15 years (2010-2025), highlights ethical frameworks for shared decision-making, discusses risk stratification, consent capacity (including cognitive impairment), alternatives (conservative management, coronectomy), and offers practical recommendations for clinicians. The paper aims to provide an evidence-based, ethically grounded approach for oral surgeons and dentists faced with decisions about third molar treatment in older adults.

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Third molar; wisdom tooth; elderly; ethics; decision-making; informed consent; coronectomy; risk stratification

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Microplasticshavenowbeenrecognizedasemergingandpersistentenvironmental contaminantsofgreatecologicalandpublichealthsignificance.Microplasticsaredefined asplastics<5mminsize,MPsgeneratefromthedegradationoflargerplasticdebris (secondarymicroplastics)orareproducedatthemicroscopicsizeforuseindustriallyand commerciallyonpurpose(primarymicroplastics).Theirsmallsize,chemicalstability,and hydrophobicsurfacefacilitatetheadsorptionoftoxicchemicalsandheavymetals.As particles,theyarenowwelldocumentedwithinmarine,freshwater,terrestrial,and atmosphericenvironments,includingfoodchainsandhumanbiologicalsystems.This paperbringstogetherrecentevidenceonsourcesandtypes,environmentalfate,eco- systemimpactswithgrowingevidenceofhumanexposureeffectsandtoxicity;itfurther demonstratesnewlyemergingdetectiontechniques,regulatorychallenges,andfuture directions in mitigation.

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AshortreviewonMicroplastics

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