Volume 13 | Issue 12

 Abstract

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, waking up before the desired time, and unrefreshing sleep; Insomnia is a common and challenging complaint in older adults (> 65 years) because of age-related alterations in sleep physiology. it can be accompanied by attention deficit and mood instability and has a minimal duration of three months. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder worldwide and is characterized by difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, early-morning awakening and an inability to return to sleep, occurring for at least three nights a week over a three-month period. Insomnia impairs daytime functioning and can be caused by a variety of factors. It frequently co-occurs with underlying medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, renal disorders, or obstructive airway diseases. The long-term use of certain medications, psychological disorders, substance use disorder (SUD) aging, genetic predisposition, or traumatic brain injuries can also contribute to its development. A systematic review report that 52.57% of the global population experienced sub-threshold insomnia, while 13.75% suffer from moderately severe clinical sleeplessness, and approximately 2.5% have severe clinical insomnia. In the india it affects approximately 33% of adult population. If left untreated, chronic insomnia can significantly impact an individual's economic, social, and occupational wellbeing.

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Insomnia, homoeopathy, geriatric, APA, repertory Arsenic, Sac lac

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The present study investigates the relationship between the academic achievement of secondary school students and their self-concept, achievement motivation, and attitude in the Chennai Educational District. The sample for the study consists of 300 students selected randomly from nine secondary schools. The findings of the study reveal that: (i) there is a positive correlation between academic achievement and self-concept, achievement motivation, and attitude among secondary school students. This indicates that students with higher self-concept tend to achieve higher academic scores. It also shows that academic achievement and achievement motivation are interrelated, implying that students with higher levels of achievement motivation perform better academically. Furthermore, the results indicate that students with more positive attitudes tend to have higher academic achievement.

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Academic Achievement, Self-Concept, Achievement Motivation and Attitude.

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KEYWORDS:Muscle energy technique, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation technique, SPADI, VAS and Periarthritis shoulder.

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The paper addresses several marketing implications regarding the 4Ps of the marketing mix as they relate to the emerging market of India. The report is based on discussions and briefings on macro-environmental factors and business practices provided by senior management of various local and international businesses, U.S. officials, and faculty members from local and international universities in India. In addition the paper reviews the literature on marketing in India. The findings of this study together with those of previous studies provide relevant information to international marketers for developing appropriate marketing strategies for conducting business in India.

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Marketing, 4Ps, India.

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A novel anthraquinone-thiophene Schiff base was synthesized by condensing 2-aminoanthraquinone with 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde in ethanol under mild acidic conditions. The synthesized compound was characterized using FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FT-IR analysis confirmed the successful formation of the Schiff base with the expected functional group transformations. XRD results revealed that the compound exhibits a microcrystalline nature, while SEM images showed a rough and porous surface morphology with well-defined microcrystalline features. The antioxidant activity of the Schiff base was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging method, demonstrating notable free radical inhibition and indicating its potential biological importance. Overall, the structural and biological findings suggest that the synthesized Schiff base is a promising candidate for further applications in coordination chemistry, material science and medicinal chemistry

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Schiff base, Spectroscopy Microcrystalline nature, Antioxidant activity.

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Pain during intravenous (IV) cannulation is a common distressing experience for preschool children, often leading to fear, anxiety, and reduced cooperation during medical procedures. Non-pharmacological interventions such as distraction are recognized as effective, safe, and simple methods for reducing procedural pain. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the squeezing ball distraction technique on reducing pain during IV cannulation among preschool children. A quasi-experimental post-test only control group design was adopted, and 50 preschool children were selected through purposive sampling and divided equally into experimental and control groups. Pain was assessed immediately after cannulation using the Wong-Baker Facial Pain Rating Scale. Findings revealed that children in the experimental group experienced only mild pain, with 52% reporting "Hurts Little Bit (2)" and 48% reporting "Hurts Little More (4)." In contrast, the control group demonstrated significantly higher pain levels, with 44% reporting "Hurts Even More (6)," 36% "Hurts Whole Lot (8)," and 8% "Hurts Worst (10)." The mean pain score of the experimental group (2.96) was considerably lower than that of the control group (6.80). The calculated t-value of 71.1 at p < 0.05 confirmed a highly significant difference between the two groups. Chi-square analysis further showed that demographic variables had no association with pain levels. The study concludes that the squeezing ball distraction technique is a simple, cost-effective, non-invasive, and highly effective method for reducing pain during IV cannulation among preschool children. This technique can be readily integrated into routine pediatric nursing practice.

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ain, distraction, squeezing ball, preschool children, IV cannulation, Wong-Baker Scale.

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Abstract: Estimating Body Mass Index (BMI) typically relies on physical measurements, such as height and weight, which can be challenging to obtain in remote or resource-limited environments. To tackle this issue, this study introduces an ML-based BMI prediction approach that relies solely on facial images. The system combines face detection, preprocessing, feature extraction, and several machine-learning models, including Random Forest, SVM, CNN, ResNet, MobileNet, and the Vision Transformer (DINOv2). By learning structural and visual patterns in facial features, the model can estimate BMI with high accuracy. This non-invasive solution is well-suited for telemedicine platforms, fitness monitoring tools, and large-scale public health applications.

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Keywords: BMI Estimation, Machine Learning, Facial Recognition, CNN, ResNet, MobileNet, Vision Transformer.

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Data Science refers to an inventory of principles, problem definition, algorithm and processes that aim at extracting non-obivious and significant pattern from huge datasets. The terms Data Science, Machine Learning are oftenly utilized.

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Machine Learning, Statistical Modelling, Data Analysis, Predictive Analytics, Data Mining, Data Visualization, Data Wrangling/Munging Data Cleaning, Hypothesis Testing, Regression.

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Tinospora Cordifolia, Pharmacological Activity, Active components, Nutritional Potential, Anti-inflammatory, Medicinal plant, Gulvel, Anti-oxidant.

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This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of cardanol-phenol-formaldehyde (CPF) resin as a sustainable alternative to conventional phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin for plywood manufacturing. Cardanol, a renewable phenolic compound derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), was utilized as a partial substitute for petroleum-based phenol. CPF resins with varying cardanol substitution levels (10-50%) were synthesized via base-catalyzed polymerization, and their physicochemical properties, bonding performance, and curing behaviour were evaluated. Results demonstrated that up to 30% substitution provides optimal viscosity, solid content, gel time, and bonding strength comparable to commercial PF resins. The study confirms cardanol's potential as a bio-based feedstock for eco-friendly plywood adhesives.

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organic resin , Cardanol Resin

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Cardiac arrest remains a critical medical emergency with high mortality rates, often occurring without warning and outside clinical settings. Traditional healthcare lacks continuous, real-time monitoring and primarily focuses on post-event treatment. So we integrated sensors like ECG, PULSE RATE, TEMPERATURE sensors to a microcontroller esp32 to get real-time cardiac arrest prediction using machine learning algorithms like Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Weighted KNN.

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Cardiac arrest, ECG, KNN, ThingSpeak cloud, Remote Healthcare, low cost, Real-time monitoring

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Katherine Mansfield's "The Fly" (1922) remains one of the most psychologically nuanced explorations of grief and mortality in modernist fiction. Beneath its seemingly trivial narrative--a businessman torturing a fly caught in ink--lies a complex allegory of human suffering, repression, and the inevitability of death. This paper interprets the fly as a central symbol through which Mansfield articulates the fragility of life and the persistence of psychological trauma. The boss's manipulation of the fly mirrors his unconscious struggle to confront the loss of his son in World War I, transforming an act of cruelty into an externalization of internal conflict.Drawing on psychoanalytic, existential, and modernist approaches, the study demonstrates how Mansfield translates private grief into universal symbolism. The fly's futile attempts to survive, the boss's mechanical gestures, and the sterile office setting together reveal the desensitization of a post-war generation and the moral void left by modern industrial civilization. Mansfield's minimalist technique--her controlled diction, silences, and irony--renders the story both emotionally restrained and symbolically profound.By situating "The Fly" within the psychological and historical contexts of early twentieth-century trauma, this paper argues that the story's true power lies in its transformation of everyday detail into a meditation on mortality and existential despair. The fly emerges not merely as a victim but as a mirror of human endurance and futility--an image of man's perpetual struggle against decay, time, and the emptiness of remembrance.

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Mansfield, mortality, grief, repression, symbolism, trauma, modernism

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Imagine a system where bank transfers between countries happen in seconds, not days, where contracts execute themselves, and every transaction is locked in a permanent, unchangeable record. This isn't science fiction--it's the promise of blockchain technology for banking. But this powerful new tool is crashing headfirst into our old-world legal systems, creating a messy but fascinating puzzle. On one hand, blockchain could be a game-changer. It cuts out expensive middlemen, makes fraud incredibly difficult, and allows for "smart contracts" that automate deals without lawyers or delays. For banks, this means massive savings, faster services, and stronger security .On the other hand, it raises huge legal questions. How do you apply old rules about customer privacy to a system where data, once written, can never be erased? Who's responsible when a self-executing smart contract has a bug and sends money to the wrong place? Regulators are scrambling to catch up, trying to figure out if digital tokens are property, currency, or something entirely new, as seen in big court cases like the SEC's battle with Ripple .This paper digs into that clash. We look at how banks are starting to use blockchain, the legal headaches it creates--especially around privacy laws like GDPR--and the slow, uncertain journey governments are on to build new rules. The bottom line? The technology is sprinting ahead, but our laws are still learning to walk. Finding the right balance between innovation and protection is the biggest challenge of all.

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Immutable ledger,blockchain technology,GDPR,smart contracts,bitcoins,cryptocurrency

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The worldwide expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has been characterized by significant growth, as seen by the widespread use of diverse devices in domains such as housing environments, transportation systems, healthcare facilities and industrial sectors. The introduction and integration of the IoT concept in industrial environments has resulted in significant modifications to the architecture of Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS), as well as the widespread interconnectivity of various industrial systems. The outcome of this development is often known as the Industrial IoT(IIoT), which eliminates the obstacle of linking IACS with separate traditional Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platforms. In contemporary times, the IoT has begun to affect upon our individual lives and extend its influence beyond our immediate surroundings, therefore establishing a foundation for imminent cyber-attacks targeting the IoT. The extensive utilization of the IoT has produced a productive ground for potential assaults against IoT systems. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been used as effective tools for enhancing the security of wireless communication in IIoT-based systems, as well as addressing a range of cyber security issues. Hence, this study presents an improved ensemble model for intrusion detection that utilizes Firefly Algorithm (FA) to classify hostile behaviors in network data within the context of IIoT. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated usingprecision, recall, F1 score,accuracy, F2 score and ROC-AUC metrics on the X-IIoTIDDataset, which is an IIoT-based cyber security dataset. The obtained findings were compared to those of other recent state-of-the-art ML models, and it was observed that our model exhibited superior performance.

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 Keywords

ML, IoT, IIoT, Attack, Security, Optimization, IDS

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"Children today are always fond of digital technology, and they can handle everything in their own way. They also use digital tools in their studies, and as a result, children's IQ levels have increased significantly in 2025."Digital literacy has become a fundamental competency for young learners navigating an increasingly technology-driven world. This paper examines how digital tools, interactive media, and online learning environments enhance foundational skills such as critical thinking, creativity, communication, and early computational reasoning among primary school children aged 6-12. Grounded in constructivist and socio-digital learning theories, the study analyzes the cognitive, social, and behavioral benefits of integrating digital literacy into early education.

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Digital Literacy, Primary Education, 21st-Century Skills, Technology Integration, Digital Pedagogy

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Background : A significant problem is medication non-compliance, particularly among chronically ill and elderly patients. According to studies, almost half of patients do not take their medications as directed, which results in bad therapeutic results and higher medical expenses . One promising remedy for this problem is the use of technology in medication reminder systems . However, older adults' ability to use current systems is limited by their frequent lack of features like voice reminders, multilingual support, and direct connectivity to smartphones or healthcare providers . Objective : Through voice alerts, multilingual support, and Bluetooth connectivity with smartphones for improved monitoring and user-friendliness, this study aims to create and assess a smart medication reminder device that improves patient compliance. Method : In order to provide reminders for medication time, dosage, and schedule, the device combines hardware and software technology. It gathers reminder data and syncs it with a smartphone application that is connected. To help older users and those with low literacy, the system also enables language and tone customization. Result : In comparison to more conventional reminder techniques like SMS alerts, the suggested reminder system increased adherence by guaranteeing timely medication intake, decreasing missed doses, and raising user satisfaction, according to preliminary evaluation and user feedback . Conclusion - Medication reminders with a technological component are essential for lowering therapeutic failures brought on by non-compliance. The created tool provides a practical, easy-to-use, and efficient way to help older patients and those with long-term illnesses take their medications as prescribed.

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Medication Reminder Device, Patient Compliance, Bluetooth Connectivity, Voice Alert, Elderly Care, Technology

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The rapid advancement of innovative technologies has reshaped industries and everyday life, but it has also given rise to new cybersecurity challenges. As organizations integrate cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and cloud computing, they are faced with an evolving threat landscape that demands more robust and adaptive security strategies. This paper explores the key cybersecurity challenges in the era of these emerging technologies, including increased attack surfaces, the complexity of securing multi-cloud and IoT environments, the growing sophistication of cyberattacks like ransomware and advanced persistent threats (APT), and the shortage of skilled cybersecurity professionals. Additionally, the paper highlights emerging trends and technologies such as Zero Trust architecture, artificial intelligence for threat detection, quantum computing's impact on encryption, and the role of privacyenhancing technologies. By examining these developments, the study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current cybersecurity landscape, the innovative technologies reshaping it, and strategies for mitigating risks in an increasingly digital and interconnected world. Through this analysis, organizations can better understand how to balance innovation with security, ensuring a resilient defense against evolving cyber threats.

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Cybersecurity, Innovative Technologies, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Cyber Threats, Ransomware, Advanced Persistent Threats (APT), Zero Trust Architecture, Threat Detection, Quantum Computing, Encryption, Privacy Enhancing Technologies, Cybersecurity Challenges, Emerging Trends, Digital Transformation, Risk Mitigation, Cyber Defense, Security Strategies

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After the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of ICT in education increased rapidly as schools adopted digital tools to ensure continuous learning. Online classes, learning management systems, educational apps, and digital content became essential parts of teaching. Teachers now use ICT for interactive lessons, virtual assessments, and communication with students and parents. Even after schools reopened, blended learning, smart classrooms, and online resources continue to enhance learning, making education more flexible, accessible, and technology-driven.

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USE OF ICT IN EDUCATION AFTER THE COVID PANDEMIC

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Prosthetic devices have been developed to restore function and mobility to individuals with amputations. However, available prosthetic wrist units often lack the range of motion and dexterity of the natural wrist, limiting the user's ability to perform tasks that require precise wrist movement. Therefore, the development of a body powered prosthetic wrist unit can provide the same dexterity of the anatomical wrist joint and locking mechanism in various ranges for performing various activities of daily living.

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Prosthetic Wrist Unit, Sagittal Plane Motions

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This study explores the challenges faced by high school students in selecting and applying correct formulas while solving numerical problems in physics. Many students struggle to connect theoretical concepts with mathematical expressions, resulting in frequent errors, low confidence, and poor academic performance. The research adopted a quantitative experimental design using a one-group pre-test and post-test method with seven students from Kamadhenu Convent, Mysore, who showed difficulty in solving physics numerical problems. Four activity-based strategies- Chart-based learning, Problem Identification Games, Flashcards, and Match-the-following exercises were implemented to improve conceptual understanding and formula application skills. The pre-test average score of 11.14 increased to 18.14 in the post-test, indicating a 35-50% improvement. The results confirmed that interactive and visual learning approaches significantly enhanced students' understanding, recall, and confidence in problem-solving. Major causes identified included lack of mathematical skills, insufficient practice, and ineffective teaching methods. The study recommends using activity-based, student-centered approaches to strengthen conceptual clarity and promote analytical thinking. Overall, the intervention demonstrated that engaging and well-structured activities can effectively improve students' problem-solving performance in physics and foster a positive attitude toward the subject.

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Physics Education, Formula Application, Problem-Solving, Activity-Based Learning, Conceptual Understanding.

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