Volume 13 | Issue 12

 Abstract

This paper looks at how the English literature syllabus in Indian universities is still heavily influenced by the country's colonial past. Even today, most courses give more importance to British writers and Western ideas, while Indian and regional voices are often pushed to the side or offered only as optional papers. By studying different university syllabi, this paper shows how the structure of the courses, the choice of texts, and the way students are assessed still follow patterns set during colonial times. Although recent discussions talk about "decolonising" education, real change has been slow because the basic framework of the syllabus has not been updated. This study explains why this colonial burden continues and suggests practical steps universities can take to make the English syllabus more inclusive, balanced, and relevant for Indian students today.

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 Keywords

Colonial burden; English syllabus; Indian universities; curriculum design; decolonisation; literature teaching

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The global ascent of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) promises enhanced efficiency and access to justice but poses profound challenges for governance, ethics, and fairness. This paper contends that the development of regulatory standards and ethical guardrails for ODR is not converging on a universal model but is instead fracturing along distinct philosophical and political lines. Through a comparative policy analysis of the United States, the European Union, China, and India, this study identifies four divergent governance paradigms: the decentralized, market-driven model of the U.S.; the rights-based, regulatory model of the EU; the state-integrated, stability-focused model of China; and the leapfrogging, access-to-justice model of India. The analysis shows that each jurisdiction's legal traditions and policy agendas define basic trade-offs between efficiency and due process, innovation and consumer protection, state control and individual rights, and scalability and inclusivity. The U.S. model prioritizes market innovation at the risk of power imbalances; the EU sets high rights standards while potentially stifling technological adoption; China achieves unprecedented scale through state control, raising transparency and data sovereignty concerns; and India's nascent, inclusive-focused model battles the digital divide. The article finds that fragmentation hinders cross-border dispute resolution and global digital justice. It suggests that future international standards should focus on a flexible framework of minimum core principles like algorithmic accountability, meaningful access, and interoperability that can accommodate different governance philosophies while maintaining fairness. The findings show that ODR governance's future is political and will affect the rule of law in the digital era.

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Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), Regulatory Governance, Comparative Law, Access to Justice, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Ethics, United States, European Union, China, India.

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Vinca species, especially Vinca minor and Catharanthus roseus, represent medicinally useful plants with a variety of bioactive indole alkaloids, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. Vinca minor contains vincamine, which is a cerebrovasodilatory and neuroprotective alkaloid also in common use for cognitive disorders. On the other hand, Catharanthus roseus produces potent anticancer alkaloids such as vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, and vindesine. These represent a number of pharmacological activities that include cytotoxicity, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Recent phytochemical investigation has shown that environmental conditions seem to play a vital role in the alkaloid composition of Vinca plants; therefore, advanced techniques like chromatography and spectroscopy are needed to isolate and quantify bioactive metabolites. Therapeutic benefits from Vinca alkaloids have led to their current global application in cancerous disorders, hypertension, diabetes, dermatology, malaria, and microbial infections. At the same time, recent studies have highlighted vinflunine, and semisynthetic vincamine analogs possessing improved efficacy and safety. This review will provide an overview of the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and clinical significance of Vinca alkaloids, which certainly represent an indispensable natural source in the ongoing development of novel drugs for neuroprotection, oncology, and modern herbal therapies.

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 Keywords

Alkaloids, Catharanthus Roseus, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Micropropagation

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The rapid advancements of financial technology (Fintech) have transformed the banking sector by offering faster, more accessible and user-friendly digital banking services. However, new technology often brings some difficulties and challenges. The banking sector also experiences these issues; this research study aims to examine the problems faced by the users in adopting fintech baking services. The study found that, complex and time-consuming registration process, lack of communication, transaction limit, inconvenient security measures, technical issues, high transaction cost, lack of awareness about fintech services are the common problems faced by the respondents in the study area.

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Key words: Fintech banking services, Challenges

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ABSTRACT Background: Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder marked by erythema, exudation, scaling, lichenification, and pruritus. Conventional therapies provide palliation but not lasting cure. In homoeopathy, skin manifestations are seen as external expressions of internal imbalance, requiring constitutional treatment with the similimum. Frequent repetition of partial similimum remedies may offer temporary relief but risks suppression or aggravation. Case: A 52-year-old female presented with chronic eczema on the posterior ankles for seven years, with itching, burning in the evening, and purulent discharge after scratching. The complaint followed marital discord, leading to grudge toward her husband. Initial prescriptions of Natrum muriaticum, Sulphur, and Natrum sulphuricum produced only transient improvement. On revisiting the case, the mental symptom of "grudge" guided the prescription of Ammonium muriaticum. Intervention & outcome: Ammonium muriaticum 200C was prescribed, resulting in significant improvement: itching subsided, cracks healed, and the patient reported mental relief and overall well-being. Sustained remission was observed in follow-ups. Discussion: This case illustrates the limitations of repeated partial similimum prescriptions, in contrast to the lasting results of the true similimum, correspond with Hahnemann's Organon and Kent's philosophy of cure. Conclusion: case analysis, precise interpretation of rubrics and prescription of the similimum based on the totality of symptoms are essential for lasting cure, whereas reliance on partial similimum only palliates.

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Eczema, Homoeopathy, Similimum, Partial Similimum, Cure.

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Financial Leverage; Debt-Equity Ratio; Financial Performance; ROA; Two-Way ANOVA; Pearson Correlation; Linear Regression.

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"Cross fit training", "Female Wrestler", "Cardiorespiratory fitness"

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Despite these successes, several challenges hinder the sector's sustainable growth like water quality management, high production costs, market access, etc. The study analyzes the economic viability and constraints of shrimp farming in inland saline water ponds in Sonipat district. Primary data were collected from 28 farmers through structured interviews, and enterprise performance was assessed using cost-return analysis, benefit- cost ratio, break-even analysis, and payback period. The results indicate that shrimp farming yields an average of 3,250.00 kg per acre per season, with gross returns of INR12.84 lakh and net income of INR4.86 lakh per acre. A benefit-cost ratio of 1.61 and a payback period of 1.07 years highlight the strong profitability and rapid recovery of investment. However, the sector faces significant challenges, particularly disease outbreaks, high feed costs, water quality management, labor shortages, and market fluctuations. The findings demonstrate that inland shrimp farming offers a profitable and sustainable alternative to traditional agriculture in saline-affected regions. Policy interventions addressing input costs, disease management, and capacity building are essential to enhance long-term sustainability and farmer resilience.

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inland saline water, Shrimp farming, cost and returns, payback period, BC ratio

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This work compares three techniques for reducing noise in MST radar I/Q data: Wiener filtering, Adaptive Bayesian Shrinkage, and a refined CNN that uses multi-head attention. MST radar echoes often weaken as they pass through atmospheric layers, where turbulence, refractive-index changes, and multipath introduce phase distortions, amplitude fluctuations, and broadband noise. These effects lower Doppler accuracy and affect the retrieval of atmospheric parameters. To test each method, real MST radar measurements and synthetic noisy signals were used. The CNN was trained with a combined loss that includes time-domain reconstruction and a spectral-consistency term, helping it retains Doppler patterns and stable instantaneous phase. Evaluation relied on RMSE, MAE, ?SNR, spectral coherence, cross-correlation, and phase error. Across all these measures, the CNN provided stronger denoising and better Doppler preservation than the other methods. Its balance between noise removal and signal fidelity makes it suitable for MST radar analysis.

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MST radar, Denoising methods, CNN, Bayesian shrinkage, Doppler retrieval

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The current healthcare landscape is moving from treating illnesses to focusing on overall wellness, with nutraceuticals playing an important role. Nutraceuticals are bioactive compounds in food that offer health benefits beyond basic nutrition. This review summarizes the latest evidence on how nutraceuticals address common lifestyle-related issues, including metabolic problems, heart diseases, joint degeneration, cognitive decline, and gut issues. We evaluate the scientific basis, laboratory studies, and human clinical trials for major categories of nutraceuticals: omega-3 fatty acids for heart health and reducing inflammation; dietary fibers that influence metabolism and blood sugar; polyphenols like curcumin and resveratrol that help manage inflammation and oxidative stress; glucosamine and chondroitin for supporting joint cartilage; probiotics that restore the balance of gut microbiomes; and adaptogenic herbs that boost resilience to stress. We also discuss challenges like the absorption of these compounds, the need for consistent quality, potential interactions with medications, and varying regulatory standards. The evidence shows that many nutraceuticals can deliver real benefits when properly tested. However, using them effectively requires professional guidance, strict quality control, and incorporation into wider lifestyle changes. Future research might focus on personalized nutrition based on genetics and targeted treatments for gut health.

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Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods, Metabolic Syndrome, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Curcumin, Probiotics, Chronic Disease Prevention, Phytochemicals.

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This study examines the evolving role of women artists in vulnerable art forms across India, with a special focus on the Patachitra tradition of West Bengal. Long rooted in patriarchal structures, Patachitra has undergone a transformative shift as women from marginalized communities step forward as artists, storytellers, and cultural ambassadors. These women are reshaping Patachitra into a tool for education, social advocacy, and economic empowerment, ensuring its preservation and evolution in a rapidly changing cultural landscape. The integration of Patachitra into Art Integrated Learning (AIL) frameworks has been a significant catalyst for this transformation. Supported by initiatives like Bangla Natok dot com's "Art for Life," women artists are leveraging this art form to address contemporary themes such as gender equality, health awareness, and sustainable development. The digitization of Patachitra into graphic novels, brochures, and multimedia platforms has expanded its reach and relevance, transitioning it from mythological storytelling to a medium for addressing critical social issues. These initiatives have elevated women artists as "change-makers," enabling them to become community leaders and advocates for social transformation. Their work has been showcased on global platforms, connecting traditional art with contemporary educational and social initiatives. These efforts have shifted the focus of the art from mythology to contemporary societal issues, amplifying its impact as a medium of education and advocacy. By blending ethnographic research with project outcomes, the study underscores the dual impact of these developments: the revitalization of endangered art forms and the empowerment of women as cultural and social pioneers. It emphasizes the critical role women play in preserving and modernizing traditional art, fostering a sustainable future where cultural heritage and gender equality coexist, and redefining the trajectory of vulnerable art forms in India. Keywords: vulnerable art, social advocacy, gender, Patachitra Title: Women Artists and the Revitalization of Patachitra: Gender, Pedagogy, and Cultural Sustainability in Bengal Abstract: This paper investigates the evolving role of women artists in the revitalization of Patachitra, the scroll painting tradition of West Bengal. Once sustained within patriarchal structures, the practice is now being reshaped by women from marginalized communities who function as artists, educators, and agents of advocacy. Their participation has redirected the art form from its conventional focus on mythological narratives to socially engaged themes, making it relevant to present-day contexts. Drawing on ethnographic evidence and case studies, including Bangla Natok dot com's Art for Life, the study demonstrates how women artists employ Patachitra as a communicative and pedagogical tool. Scrolls and performance are increasingly used to address issues such as gender equity, environmental sustainability, public health, and community rights. The incorporation of Patachitra into Art-Integrated Learning (AIL), aligned with India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, further situates the art within formal education. Here, it strengthens interdisciplinary teaching, fosters narrative thinking, and deepens cultural awareness among learners. The digitization of Patachitra into graphic novels, brochures, and multimedia formats expands both its reach and its adaptability. These processes illustrate a dual outcome: the safeguarding of a vulnerable art form and the redefinition of women's cultural roles. Women artists emerge not only as custodians of tradition but also as participants in broader frameworks of education and social advocacy. By situating women at the center of this transformation, the study highlights a sustainable model of cultural preservation that integrates folk art into contemporary pedagogical and social practice. The analysis contributes to discussions on gender, intangible heritage, and the intersections of traditional knowledge with modern educational reforms.

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Patachitra, Women Artists, Art-Integrated Learning, Folk Art Education, Gender and Culture, Social Advocacy, Cultural Sustainability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This project presents a real-time surveillance framework designed to detect humans, suspicious objects, and unattended baggage using advanced deep-learning techniques. The system integrates YOLOv8 for object detection along with a custom logic-based behavior engine to identify high-risk scenarios such as abandoned bags, loitering, and restricted area violations. The proposed method enhances the accuracy of automated surveillance by introducing an Owner Association algorithm, which links objects to nearby humans to prevent false alerts. The implementation also includes a Flask-based web interface enabling real-time monitoring, event alerts, and user-defined danger zones. The results demonstrate improved detection reliability, decreased false alarms, and real-time performance suitable for security-critical environments.

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YOLOv8, Surveillance System, Object Tracking, Unattended Object Detection, Loitering Detection, Flask.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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It is increasingly being recognized that indoor air quality has an impact on human health. The increasingly serious indoor air pollution caused by PM, VC, and CO in recent years has attracted plenty of attention, which the world had not known before because of the politics, industry, and network caused by the urbanization development and industrialization. A statistical method to predict IAQ has been developed in this work, and an easy-to-use website-based framework, including the statistical model, was implemented. The system can provide air quality predictions from one to seven days in advance by integrating statistical forecasting methods with a stable IAQI calculation process. A flexible pipeline for data processing that supports different CSV-based inputs constitutes the basis of the approach. It is based on statistical forecasting with residual correction, scaling of pollutants, and calculation of the IAQI according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The predictions are subsequently served to the users via a modern Flask application, enabling dataset uploads and visualisation of both numerical and categorical predictions. The system is an economical instrument that transforms statistical modeling information into a helpful decision-making framework for a policymaker with an emphasis on accessibility, reproducibility, and application.

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IAQI, website-based framework, Flask application, statistical forecasting, indoor air quality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines user engagement patterns on Instagram and LinkedIn by analyzing secondary data from past campaigns and publicly available platform insights. It explores how different content formats, caption styles, hashtags, and posting behavior influence audience interaction across both platforms. Through descriptive analysis and social listening tools, the research identifies trends in engagement and highlights which digital strategies generate the strongest responses. The findings offer practical guidance for improving content performance and designing more effective social media campaigns.

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Index Terms - Component, formatting, style, styling, insert.

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?????? ????????-?????, ???? ?????????, ??????? ???????, ???-?????, ?????-???????, ??????? ????, ?????? ????????????, ???? ?? ???????, ???????? ????????

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Geopolymer concrete, Normal weight geopolymer, Mix design optimization, Geopolymer mortar

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a revolutionary tool in various industries, including the sugar industry of Bihar. With its ability to analyse large amounts of data, AI has proved to be a game-changer in enhancing processes and improving productivity. In this abstract, we will explore the role of AI in boosting industrial relations within the sugar industry of Bihar. One major challenge faced by the sugar industry is maintaining good relationships between management and workers. Due to complex regulations and volatile market conditions, disputes often arise between labour unions and management, leading to disruptions in production and financial losses. However, with advancements in AI technology, these issues can be effectively addressed.AI-powered tools such as chatbots have been implemented for real-time communication between employees and management. This has improved transparency and reduced misunderstandings between parties. Moreover, predictive algorithms have helped identify potential sources of conflicts before they escalate into larger problems. Furthermore, AI has also played a crucial role in workforce management. By analysing data on employee performance and workload patterns, companies are able to make informed decisions regarding job assignments and shift schedules without any bias or favoritism. In addition to enhancing industrial relations internally, AI has also greatly benefited external communications with stakeholders such as regulatory bodies and government agencies.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digital Transformation, Sugar Industry, Industrial Relations, Productivity, Businesses and Competitive.

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The India-China border dispute remains one of Asia's most complex and enduring geopolitical conflicts, rooted in colonial-era cartographic ambiguity and compounded by strategic mistrust. This paper explores the historical trajectory of the conflict, focusing on the contested regions of Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh, and key milestones such as the Panchsheel Agreement and the 1962 war. By examining both historical and contemporary triggers--including the Doklam standoff in 2017 and the Galwan Valley clash in 2020--the study investigates how territorial claims, national identity, and strategic infrastructure development have shaped the enduring rivalry. Using a qualitative methodology grounded in Realist and Constructivist theories of international relations, the analysis highlights the political, economic, and regional security consequences of the dispute. The findings reveal that while diplomatic engagements have prevented full-scale war, the unresolved Line of Actual Control continues to serve as a flashpoint with serious implications for Indo-Pacific stability.

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India-China conflict, Aksai Chin, Arunachal Pradesh, Sino-Indian War, Galwan, Doklam, Line of Actual Control, geopolitics, border dispute

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have become central to digital transformation initiatives across public sector organizations in India. While private enterprises adopted ERP relatively early, public utilities--particularly in the power sector--have been slower due to procedural, financial, and structural constraints. In Madhya Pradesh, power distribution and generation companies have begun implementing ERP to improve transparency, efficiency and decision-making. This review paper synthesises existing published research to understand how ERP adoption has influenced HR processes, organizational coordination, and digital work culture in these organizations. The review draws from peer-reviewed journal articles, reports, and studies available in the public domain, ensuring only authentic and verifiable sources are used. The analysis indicates that ERP implementation has supported better data accuracy, reduced duplication of work, increased transparency, and created opportunities for skill development among employees. However, challenges such as resistance to technology, training gaps, and adaptation delays remain consistent themes across studies. The results also indicate that change management and leadership commitment significantly influence adoption success. Based on the review, research gaps related to long-term performance outcomes, behavioural change analysis and employee digital readiness are identified. The study concludes that although progress is visible, ERP adoption in Madhya Pradesh's public power utilities is still evolving and requires continuous capacity-building efforts to fully realize its potential.

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ERP Systems, Digital Transformation, Public Utilities, Madhya Pradesh, HR Transformation, Power Sector, Technology Adoption

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The modern electrical grid demands high reliability, stability, and real-time monitoring to prevent failures that can lead to blackouts, equipme damage, and economic loss. This project presents an loT-based smart grid fault detecti 2/7 system that collects real-time parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and humidity using the ESP32 microcontroller. These readings are continuously transmitted to a Flask-based web application, which integrates a machine learning model trained to distinguish normal and faulty grid conditions. The model analyzes live sensor data to identify anomalies such as voltage drops, current deviations, overheating, or environmental instability. The system provides instant visualization through a dashboard and generates alerts for preventive maintenance. This low-cost, scalable solution improves grid safety, enhances predictive fault identification, and supports real-time decision-making in smart power networks. Keywords: Smart Grid, loT, ESP32, Machine Learning, Fault Detection, Anomaly Detection, Flask, Power Monitoring.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Fault deduction, power system, power grid, cyber security,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition