Volume 12 | Issue 12

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Due to their numerous advantages, people have recently started to show increased interest in herbal medicines.

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Herb , Extraction, chromatographic methods , standardization.

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This study examines the impact of karaoke singing, specifically retro melodies, as a form of music therapy on mental health, anxiety, cognitive function, and social well-being. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research evaluates how engaging in karaoke influences stress levels, mood, anxiety, and cognitive performance. The findings reveal that karaoke singing significantly alleviates symptoms of anxiety and depression while enhancing mood and cognitive function. The study also explores the role of karaoke as a therapeutic tool for individuals with dementia and Alzheimer's disease, showing its potential to stimulate memory recall and support emotional well-being. Furthermore, the social benefits of karaoke--through fostering social interaction and community building--are highlighted, demonstrating how it can reduce feelings of loneliness and promote a sense of belonging. By connecting music, nostalgia, and therapy, this paper emphasizes the potential of karaoke singing as an accessible and enjoyable intervention to enhance mental health and overall well-being.

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Karaoke singing, music therapy, retro melodies, mental health, anxiety reduction, mood enhancement, cognitive function, social well-being, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, nostalgia, community building, therapeutic intervention.

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This study assessed the knowledge of higher secondary students in Hajo Block, Kamrup, Assam, regarding the harmful effects of cigarette smoking. A descriptive research design and purposive sampling were used to include 60 students from two schools, with data collected using a structured questionnaire. Most participants (86.7%) were aged 16-18, 91.7% were male, and 60% were Muslim. The majority had average knowledge (85%) about the harmful effects of smoking, with no significant associations found between knowledge levels and demographic variables. The findings highlight the need for targeted awareness programs to improve understanding and reduce smoking-related risks among youth.

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ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HARMFUL EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING AMONG THE HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS OF HAJO BLOCK, KAMRUP ASSAM.

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Contact lenses are thin, curved lenses placed directly on the surface of the eye to correct vision. They offer an alternative to eyeglasses, providing unobstructed peripheral vision and cosmetic appeal. Contact lenses can correct various refractive errors, including myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that outlines the terms and conditions of a specific arrangement.

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CONTARACT DRUG Diagnosing Cataracts treatment Pharmacological Cataract surgery treatment

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Weeds in rice fields are a major problem because they compete with rice plants for nutrients, light and space, resulting in reduced yields and economic losses. Physical detection of weeds is problematic when human labor is scarce. The proposed solution includes a deep learning approach that uses a specially pre-trained DenseNet-121 model to increase efficiency in solving the problem of the negative impact of weed growth on rice crop by distinguishing between visually similar weeds and crops. This model is refined with a dataset created from images of rice fields, and data augmentation techniques are used to improve the reliability of the model. This approach implements and evaluates various metrics and improves accuracy by displaying test results. This method helps in accurate weed control which ultimately improves yield and reduces economic losses.The system underwent evaluation using a dataset of images sourced from a paddy field, demonstrating its capability of identifying and eliminating weeds with a precision exceeding 99%. The suggested approach has the potential to greatly minimize labor and environmental impacts associated with weed management, while enhancing the efficiency and precision of weed detection and removal in crop production.. In future integrating this model with real-time observation systems and applied knowledge will further improve its practical applicability in agriculture.

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Deep Learning , Data Augmentation , weed dataset

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Algorithmic Trading has modified and considerably increased international financial markets, allowing high-speed, high-frequency transactions through refined algorithms. It improves market strength and liquidity; but it collectively presents major moral and regulative challenges, especially regarding market fairness, transparency, and commercial protection. This paper examines these problems with selected stress on the Indian context, analyzing recent developments by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and diverse international regulative authorities aimed toward minimizing market manipulation and making certain fairness. The case studies highlight moral violations and regulatory reactions, as well as practices like spoofing and flash crashes. In response, recommended strategies are put forward for algorithmic design to guarantee ethical alignment, fairness evaluations, transparency via Explainable AI (XAI), and dedication to dependable regulative frameworks. The importance of progressive regulation and collaboration between stakeholders is emphasized to foster secure, equitable, and impartial trading surroundings, which is crucial for protective trust within the financial markets in the long term.

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AI, Algorithmic, Market, Trading.

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The concept of Anthropocene is product of a consciousness which is incidental to the vigorous array of data indicating a key transformation in the Earth, recorded as changes to strata, similar to signatures recorded in the geological past, refashioning the relation between 'human' and 'non-human' and in effect intertwining them so that one cannot change without affecting the other. The fact that human activity is emerging as a decisive force in dictating the climatic systems of the planet correlates with the wider implications of the diminishing boundaries between 'human' and 'non-human'. The victims of colonization themselves became colonizers of the 'non-human' under the drive of 'modernity' that radiated from the West. As a consequence, the 'non-human' agency seeks expression that makes the 'human' rethink and reevaluate the arrogation of conscience and will only to itself. The theoretical underpinnings of Anthropocene, in the current context of 'modernity', serve to diminish the boundaries between the 'human' and the 'non-human', transforming both how we perceive and acknowledge them

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Anthropocene, modernity, colonizers, human, non-human

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The solubility of drugs plays a pivotal role in their bioavailability, particularly for poorly water-soluble drugs. Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drugs, characterized by high permeability but low solubility, pose significant challenges for effective drug formulation and therapeutic efficacy. This review delves into various solubility enhancement techniques employed for BCS Class II drugs, highlighting both conventional and advanced strategies. Techniques such as solid dispersions, complexation with cyclodextrins, nanosizing, lipid-based formulations, and the use of surfactants are discussed in detail, with a focus on their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. Furthermore, emerging methods like amorphous drug formulations, nanocrystals, and supercritical fluid technology are explored, reflecting the ongoing innovation in pharmaceutical formulation.

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Bioavailability, Solubility, Nanosuspension, Dispersion, Lipophilicity

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Constructing embankments on soft clay deposits poses significant challenges in geotechnical engineering, especially in terms of ensuring stability and controlling settlement to meet design requirements. The observational method is commonly used in such cases, allowing for adjustments to the design during construction. Matsuo (1977) proposed a construction control chart that combines vertical and lateral displacements, making it particularly useful for predicting the failure of embankments on soft ground during construction. Soil properties, loading history, and environmental conditions all have a substantial impact on these predictions, even with small variations. To evaluate this, the paper compares field observations from a case history with results from finite element analysis (FEA) conducted using PLAXIS 2D. The finite element analysis shows a good agreement with the observed field data. The analysis of results shows that 22% and 36% of reduction in maximum settlement and lateral displacements respectively. Finally, the stability of the embankment is assessed using Matsuo's construction control chart which agrees with the construction stages.

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Embankment, Soft clay, Finite element Analysis, Stability

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Agricultural produce drying is a critical step in preserving food and reducing post-harvest losses. The drying methods often rely on fossil fuels, making them costly and environmentally harmful. To address these issues, a multipurpose solar dryer is designed specifically for agricultural purposes. This innovative system utilizes solar energy to efficiently dry various agricultural products, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbs. The design incorporates solar collectors, a heat exchanger, and a drying chamber, all powered by renewable energy sources. This solar dryer offers significant advantages such as reduced operating costs, minimal environmental impact, and improved product quality. Its versatility and adaptability make it a valuable tool for farmers in diverse geographical regions, aiding in the reduction of food waste and enhancing the sustainability of agricultural practices. Experimental testing and performance evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of the multipurpose solar dryer in reducing moisture content, preserving nutritional quality, and extending the shelf life of dried products. The results highlight the potential of solar drying technologies in sustainable agriculture and food processing industries, contributing to food security and economic development in rural communities. This paper underscores the potential of solar drying technologies in addressing food security challenges, especially in rural areas where post-harvest losses are prevalent. By harnessing renewable energy sources like solar power, the solar dryer not only contributes to sustainable agricultural practices but also aligns with global efforts to mitigate climate change. Overall, the multipurpose solar dryer offers a viable solution for improving food preservation, reducing waste, and promoting economic resilience in agricultural sector.

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Solar Dryer, Multipurpose, Portable, Design, Drying, Collector & Heat exchanger

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A significant societal issue, particularly among youngsters, is cyberbullying. "The deliberate, repeated, and hostile use of information technology to harm or harass other people" is the definition of cyberbullying. It has increased in popularity since the creation of social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook. The Internet is the sole foundation of contemporary society. People today have a hard time imagining life without the internet. People have been utilizing social networking sites in recent years to exchange information, thoughts, and ideas. Different types of content, including text, images, audio, and video data, may be used in these exchanges. Giving users the opportunity to manage the messages posted on their own private space is a significant problem in today's online social networks (OSNs), since it prevents the broadcast of inappropriate information. As of right present, OSNs hardly support this need. As a result, social media academics are placing more and more emphasis on the automatic identification of messages that engage in cyberbullying. The use of rules and norms, human moderators, and blacklists based on offensive language are some of the traditional strategies for combating cyberbullying. In order to automatically identify cyberbullying behaviors, a principled learning framework must be created. A flexible rule-based system that enables users to tailor the filtering criteria to be factual to their walls and a soft classifier powered by machine learning that automatically labels messages in content-based filtering help achieve this. Server can learn the words and save them in the database based on this filtering. Before the message can be exchanged, the server might review the words at the moment of transmission and prohibit.

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Cyberbullying, social media, information technology, harassment, social networking sites, inappropriate content, content moderation, machine learning, rule-based system, soft classifier, offensive language, user control, filtering, human moderators, blacklists, automatic identification, server review, privacy.

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Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer in women worldwide. Early detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) can improve patient survival .This paper proposes a deep learning-based technique for determining whether a cervical cancer diagnosis is good or bad. By harnessing the power of transfer learning, the framework combines the benefits of pre-trained models like ResNet50, MobileNet, and DenseNet with the capabilities of CNNs. Our architecture is trained on a comprehensive database of cervical cancer images, comprising both online sources and magnification data-generated images. Using this model, our body can identify cervical cancer as positive or negative, which shows the effectiveness of CNNs and changes the study by checking medical images.

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Cervical Cancer, Deep Learning, CNN, Transfer Learning, ResNet50, MobileNet, DenseNet

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In this project, a computerized greenhouse monitoring and control system is considered to control the environmental and climatic parameters for optimal plant growth. This system leverages sensor fusion of multiple sensors (temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity) for constant monitoring of the greenhouse environment. An embedded microcontroller reads the data and automatically controls devices such as fans, sprinklers, and lights (depending on the conditions needed for optimal plant growth). The automation minimizes the need for Human interference, saves water, and increases Energy efficiency. This system can be scaled for different greenhouse sizes and customized for various plant requirements.

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Greenhouse, Sensor, Actuator, Environmental Monitoring, Controlling, IoT etc

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Animal husbandry is a vital component of agriculture that faces mounting challenges due to increasing demand, climate change, and the necessity for sustainable practices. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers innovative solutions to optimize operations, improve animal welfare, and promote environmental sustainability. This paper examines how AI can revolutionize animal husbandry, discussing key applications, benefits, and the challenges associated with its adoption.

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AI Artificial Intelligence Animal Husbandry

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This survey paper explores the progress made in using neural networks for diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a condition marked by challenges in social interaction, communication, and behavior. Timely diagnosis is crucial for effective intervention; however, traditional diagnostic methods can be subjective, lengthy, and may not provide the accuracy needed for early detection. As machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) advance, neural networks present promising opportunities to automate and enhance the accuracy of ASD diagnosis, thereby reducing reliance on conventional assessment techniques. The paper systematically reviews recent studies on the use of neural networks for ASD, focusing on the analysis of data from behavioral assessments, speech patterns, and imaging data, including MRI and other imaging modalities. Key research is assessed based on the neural network architectures employed, the sources of datasets, and the performance metrics used, offering insights into the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. Our analysis highlights significant challenges in current research, such as limited data availability, model overfitting, and the difficulty of translating complex neural network models into tools that can be easily interpreted in clinical settings. The importance of developing models that generalize effectively across diverse populations and provide reliable insights in real-world scenarios is underscored. Moreover, this survey points out critical gaps in the existing literature and proposes avenues for future research. It recommends the creation of self-updating datasets as a means to ensure that models remain relevant and accurate as new data emerges. Additionally, combining various data types--such as behavioral, speech, and imaging data--could improve diagnostic accuracy and offer a more comprehensive understanding of ASD characteristics. In summarizing the current landscape of neural network applications for ASD diagnosis, this survey seeks to inform future developments aimed at creating more robust, adaptable, and accessible diagnostic solutions.

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Keywords - Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Neural Networks - Deep Learning - Automated Diagnosis - Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare - Medical Imaging - Neuroimaging - Neural Network Architectures - Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) - Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) - Multimodal Data Analysis - Feature Extraction - Diagnostic Tools - Machine Learning Algorithms - Behavioral Analysis - Early Diagnosis - Precision Medicine - Data-driven Approaches - Medica

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As cloud computing becomes the backbone of modern digital infrastructure, ensuring data privacy and security in cloud environments has emerged as a critical concern for enterprises and individuals alike. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current landscape of data privacy and security in the cloud, highlighting the key challenges, emerging threats, and advanced techniques designed to mitigate risks. With the exponential growth of cloud services, sensitive data faces diverse vulnerabilities, including data breaches, insider threats, and compliance challenges. The study explores state-of-the-art encryption methods, including encryption for data-at-rest, data-in-transit, and data-in-use, as well as innovative privacy-preserving technologies like homomorphic encryption and confidential computing. The discussion extends to the role of regulatory frameworks--such as GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA--and their impact on data sovereignty and access control. Additionally, the paper examines the principles of Zero Trust Architecture and its application in enforcing stringent security measures in cloud-native environments. Best practices for incident response, data loss prevention, and secure DevOps (DevSecOps) are analysed to provide a holistic approach to cloud security. Finally, the review addresses the evolving landscape of threats and anticipates future advancements in privacy-preserving technologies, emphasizing the need for a proactive and adaptive security posture. This paper aims to offer a nuanced understanding of data privacy and security dynamics, equipping researchers and practitioners with the knowledge to navigate the complexities of cloud security and contribute to building a more secure cloud ecosystem.

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Cloud Computing, Data Privacy, Data Security, Encryption, Homomorphic Encryption, Zero Trust Architecture, Regulatory Frameworks

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Menopause is the end of menstruation.Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation at the end of reproductive life due to loss of ovarian follicular activity. A comparative study was designed to assess the problems faced and coping strategies adopted by women with natural and surgical menopause residing in selected villages of Bardoli Taluka With the objectives to 1) assess the problems faced and coping strategies adopted by women with natural and surgical menopause 2) compare the problems faced and coping strategies adopted by women with natural and surgical menopause 3) find out the correlation between problems faced and coping strategies adopted by women with natural and surgical menopause 4)find out the association of mean score of problems faced and coping strategies adopted by women with natural and surgical menopause with their selected demographic variables.

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Problems faced, Coping strategies adopted, Women, Natural and surgical menopause.

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In the recent time, Polylactic acid is used in fused deposition modeling for making drug carriers, medical tools, cups, automotive parts, packaging, bottles, outdoor applications in purpose of medical, automotive, textile, constructions fields. The limitations of polylactic acid (PLA) is low melting point, not the hardest or toughest plastic, high production cost. To overcome the above problem, ABS is the best suitable polymer. The ABS material normally used in unconventional method. It has the limitations of less dimensional stability, poor surface finish, low hardest property. So, ABS polymer is used in additive manufacturing method. Because, good dimensional stability, very high surface finish, light weight and suitable for vast range applications. Now a days, polymer parts made by additive manufacturing methods (AM) have multiple applications in various industries. Additive manufacturing has the many techniques, but we are using fused deposition modeling (FDM). FDM is a procedure that uses thermoplastic filament that has been parched to its melting point and then thrust out layer to form a 3D object. The aspects associated with 3D printing such as less material wastage, ease of manufacturing, less human involvement, less post processing and energy efficiency makes the process sustainable for industrial use. In this study investigate the effects of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process parameters of material the tensile strength, impact strength and hardness test of three-dimensional (3D) printed Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) test parts were determined using the ASTM D638, ASTM D256 and ASTM.

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ABS polymer, Fused Deposition Modeling, Binder Jetting and Manufacturing.

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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people's lives and communities has been profound. Given the extraordinary times that the entire world is currently experiencing, it is especially critical to address concerns about crime, violence, and justice in general. Current studies have demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected crime in part due to alterations in people's daily routines and their exposure to stressful situations. The investigation has also connected a number of previously developed theories to the modifications in crime trends that occurred during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

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Crime, COVID-19, and Lockdown.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION "We must protect families, we must protect children, who have inalienable rights and should be loved, should be taken care of physically and mentally, and should not be brought into the world only to suffer" Mrs. Indira Gandhi. The 21st century is known as the era of information technology, when technology advancement hits civilization, parental care, and guidance slowly replaced by variety of technological innovations. The term "smartphone" was used in 1997 by Ericson. Smatphone is providing integrated services from communication, computing and mobile sectors such as voice communication, messaging, personal information management applications and wireless communication capability. The internet fuels the smartphone uses and is useful for a variety of purposes, such as convenient, rapid sharing of information, and contact with other cultures, emotional and feasibility and an easy charring of a smartphone makes it possible to use it anywhere, Because Smartphone's currently include all the features of a laptop, including web browsing, Wi-Fi, a bundle of apps. All over the world, adolescents are the more vulnerable group for the smartphone usages and abuse. According to WHO, Adolescents are defined as young people between the ages of 10 and 19 years. Today 20% of the world population is of adolescents, constituting 1.2 billion people worldwide. Nearly 243 million adolescents live in India.4 A UN report has raised concerns about the increased use of Smartphone in schools all over the world. This report shows the impact of technology shared objectives of on teaching and learning. And also abuse of technology for non-educational activities like entertainment and commercial use. UN also warned and suggested the whole countries to maintain the human -centred use of technology only to support the education, not to supplement the teachers led instructions. The Adolescents should know and use only the relevant content and ignore the unnecessary and irrelevant content. The technology has a double edge sword so adolescents should select only the use of technology to enhance their knowledgeand growth , not to replace the human relationship. 1 RESEARCH PROBLEM: Effectiveness of a nurse led educational package regarding smart phone addiction and associated health problems among adolescents in selected schools at Patiala, Punjab. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: It is often stated that children are the world's most valuable resources and assets, but their rights throughout the world are largely ignored often resulting into tragic outcomes. AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess the effectiveness of a nurse led educational package regarding smart phone addiction and associated health problems among adolescents in selected schools at Patiala, Punjab. METHODOLOGY: A quantitative approach with two group experimental research design was used for this study. A sample size of 560 adolescents 280 in each, from experimental and control group at selected schools of Patiala Punjab was selected using probability stratified sampling technique. Structured questionnaire and SAS scale was administered to assess knowledge regarding smartphone addiction and the prevalence of smartphone addiction among adolescents at selected schools of Patiala, Punjab. RESULTS: As the result of analysis of Section A In this study among 560 subjects , the pre- test knowledge score was only 2 (0.37%) had adequate knowledge followed by 165(29.23%) had moderate knowledge score with the remained 293 (70.50%) had shown the inadequate knowledge score regarding smartphone addiction . The Mean knowledge score of pre-test of the experimental group was 9.37(31.23%) and the Mean knowledge score of the pre-test of the control group was 9.40 (31.35%). After intervention there was a substantial gain in knowledge compared to the pre-test scores was seen with the significant difference in the adequate knowledge score of experimental group) that mean score was 21.91(73.5%) but the post test knowledge score in the control group was almost the same as pre- test with mean score of 9.55 (3.31.85%). As reported in the post test knowledge score of experimental group 189 (67.5 %) subjects have adequate knowledge score, followed by 89 (31.8%) shown moderate knowledge score, where only 2 (0.7%) subjects had reported the inadequate knowledge score. On the other hand reported in the post- test knowledge score, the subjects of the control group shown the score almost same with pre test effect that is 5(1.8%) subjects had adequate knowledge , followed by 87(31.1%) had moderate and 188(67.1%) had shown the inadequate knowledge score . In the analysis report of Section -B, Out of total 560 subjects (Experimental group, N=280 +Control group, N= 280), the majority 183 (32.67%) subjects (experimental 92 and control 91) had severe Smartphone addiction followed by 193(34.46%) subjects from both groups had reported with the moderate addiction score while the remaining 184 (32.85%) had been found at the risk or in the low addiction score. An notable effectiveness of a nurse led educational package regarding smartphone addiction among adolescents on severe addiction score of experimental group had been reported with the post- test addiction score of 4 (1.4%) that was shifted from a higher pre-test mean score of severe addiction 92 (32.5 %) of experimental group . The moderate addiction score was raised up to mean score 140(50%) from 99(35.4%) Followed by the low addiction mean score 136 (48.6%) from the 94 (33.6%) of the addiction score of experimental group .The pre-test mean percentile addiction score was 114.35 %which decreased up to post -test score of 94.71%after the intervention On the other hand the addiction score among the adolescents of the control group had remained same that was as severe 85(30.4%), moderate, 107(38.2%) and mild 88(31.4%) with the pre -test addiction score as 91(32.5%), 99(35.4%) and 90(32.1%) respectively. The post -test mean score of control group was found almost the same as 115.78% and 115.29 % of the pre test and post test respectively CONCLUSION: It was concluded in this study, that there is a noticeable effectiveness of the intervention 'A nurse led educational package regarding smartphone addiction among adolescents at selected schools of Patiala, Punjab, which had shown a substantial gain in knowledge compared to the pre-test scores as a significance difference in the pre-test and post test knowledge score among adolescents of experimental group. There is also seen a significance difference in the prevalence score of Smartphone addiction among the adolescents of the experimental group, after intervention that was shifted from severe to moderate and low addiction score .

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KEY WORDS: knowledge, Effectiveness, Smartphone, Smartphone addiction, adolescents.

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