Volume 13 | Issue 12

 Abstract

Gabriel Okara's The Voice (1964) written as a parable and a quest narrative, explores the political and social resonances of an individual's search for the spiritual self. "The Voice" sets in an African society that presents the postcolonial structure of Nigerian Society. The novel promotes and celebrates the African culture, post imperialism, theme of hypocrisy, theme of moral decadence and materialism, theme of fear. The study of" The Voice" not only celebrates African heritage but also urges readers to recognize and reclaim their cultural roots, making it a timeless reflection on identity and tradition.

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Key words: - post-imperialism, cultural identity, hypocrisy, moral decadence, and fear, African culture, upholding moral values, embrace cultural wisdom.

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The rapid rise of online food delivery (OFD) services has brought a significant amount of change in the younger generation, i.e., Generation Z's digital consumption pattern. The paper looks into how app perception and value perception can affect Gen Z users' satisfaction towards food delivery apps in Chennai City. Quantitative cross-sectional research design was used to collect empirical data from 173 usable respondents by means of a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS and SmartPLS (PLS-SEM). Descriptive statistics indicate moderate levels of usage, heavy reliance on Swiggy and Zomato, and predominant motives in terms of time saving and convenience. The measurement model showed good reliability and validity, and the structural model showed that app perception and value perception have positive roles in satisfaction, supported by an indirect effect of value perception. The predictive strength of the model was high, explaining 68.8% variance in satisfaction. Examination of the interaction effects indicates that Gen Z satisfaction is more strongly influenced by technological experience and perceived value than by demographic differences. The findings provide practical insights for food delivery platforms in terms of improving user experiences, perceived value, and customized service offerings. Limitations, implications, and future research are presented.

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Generation Z, food delivery apps, user satisfaction, app perception, value perception, digital consumption behaviour.

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This paper tries to examine the behavior of the student in Private and Government Universities based on various aspects. First and the foremost is that the teacher and the student's relationship in Government and Private Universities. Secondly investment in education was made by the students to their Teacher as that of Gurudakshana for receiving Holistic growth which is observed in Government whereas in private Universities there is a need for more investment it goes beyond the needs. There is a vast difference in the class room environment and with that of text materials used in both government and private Universities. The students are more exposed to competitive Examinations in Government Universities whereas the students have very less exposure for competitive Examination. Pressure and strict rules and regulations for both student and the faculty are more in Private Universities rather than the Government Universities. Based on these variables the objective of the study is that. To study the intense of Education in Private and Government Universities. To analyze the repo of Teacher and the Student in Private and Government Universities. Methodology of the study is about the Government and Private Universities in Chennai. The total number of samples collected from both Government and Private Universities through Google form shared with the help of faculties in both Government and Private Universities. Total number of samples collected from both Government and Private Universities is three hundred out of which one hundred and fifty from each University. The data explore that there are much of pros and cons in both the Universities based on intense of education and also with that of repo of teacher and student.

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BEHAVIOUR ECONOMICS AND EDUCATION AT GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN CHENNAI

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The global resurgence of Ayurveda has placed the safety and efficacy of Herbo-Mineral Formulations (HMFs) under the rigorous lens of modern scientific scrutiny. While modern pharmacology relies on Pharmacokinetics (PK)--encompassing Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME)--to determine drug safety, Ayurveda operates through the physiological principles of Agni (digestive fire) and Paka (metabolic transformation). This article explores the critical intersection of Bioavailability and Biotransformation through the lens of Agadtantra, the Ayurvedic branch of toxicology. Agadtantra extends beyond the study of poisons (Visha); it masters the art of transforming toxic substances into potent therapeutics (Amrita) through rigorous processing techniques known as Shodhana (purification) and Marana (incineration). This paper elucidates how these ancient Samskaras serve as "pre-biotransformation" steps, altering the physicochemical profile of drugs to enhance bioavailability while mitigating toxicity. By drawing parallels between Bhutagni Paka (elemental metabolism) and hepatic biotransformation (Cytochrome P450 systems), we demonstrate that Ayurvedic drug safety is an engineered result of precise pharmaceutical processing. This comprehensive review aims to bridge the gap between traditional safety protocols and modern pharmacokinetic parameters, establishing a scientific basis for the safe use of Schedule E-1 drugs.

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Bioavailability, Biotransformation, Agadtantra, Shodhana, Drug Safety, Agni, Visha, Pharmacokinetics, Cytochrome P450.

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Nowadays,?????????? as people become increasingly conscious of their digital well-being, they want to find more intelligent methods of tracking and comprehending their moods. Of course, keeping a diary can be helpful for personal expression, but if we are honest, it hardly helps you to make sense of your emotions over a longer period of time. Unless, of course, you want to go through old entries and guess the patterns. This is the place where the Smart Diary and Mood Management System comes to rescue. It is an interactive web tool. You write down what has happened in your day, and it evaluates your emotional tone while you are writing. Afterwards, it presents your mood changes via user-friendly, animated graphs. The system goes through your texts, determines the emotions, and then, it represents the mood patterns in graphical form--so that you can literally understand what is happening in your mind. At the end of a week or a month, it provides you with a PDF report that summarizes everything. You get an overview of your habits and mood changes, and it becomes crystal clear how you have been. Smart Diary with its simple interface, reliable data privacy, and genuine analytical tools is just a way of making it more convenient for people to engage in mindfulness practice and be in touch with their feelings. This research paper is about the system's architecture, operating principles, and significance to individuals who use it for self-reflection in the digital era.

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Smart Diary, Mood Analysis, Emotion Tracking, Sentiment Analysis, Self-Reflection, Mental Well-being, PDF Summary Reports, Web-Based ??????????System

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Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) is one of the most widely used serial communication protocols for reliable, low-cost, and low-pin-count data transfer. Unlike parallel communication, UART transmits data serially, reducing design complexity and improving overall efficiency. In this project, a UART module is implemented on the Tang Nano FPGA platform. The design includes the essential components of UART--baud rate generator, transmitter, and receiver. Data transmitted from the FPGA is received and monitored using the PuTTY serial terminal. The implementation demonstrates accurate serial communication, stable baud rate operation, and successful real-time data transfer between the FPGA and a PC. This work highlights the flexibility and capability of FPGA-based SoC development for embedded communication applications.

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UART, FPGA, Tang Nano 9K, Verilog HDL, PuTTY serial Terminal, Serial Communication, Gowin IDE, Baud Rate Generator

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping educational practices, policy, and reform worldwide by enabling personalized learning, automating assessment and administrative tasks, enhancing curriculum design, and expanding access. While AI offers substantial opportunities, improved learning outcomes, scalable tutoring, and productivity gains, its deployment also raises pressing ethical, legal, and equity concerns including bias, privacy, academic integrity, and uneven access. This paper synthesizes recent empirical and policy literature (2019-2025), evaluates major AI applications in K-12 and higher education, analyzes systemic barriers to adoption, and proposes a framework of evidence-based reforms for responsible, equitable AI integration in education. Key recommendations include: (1) centering human teachers through augmented intelligence approaches; (2) establishing national and institutional AI-in-education governance (policy, standards, procurement); (3) designing assessments and curricula that emphasize higher-order skills alongside AI literacy; (4) protecting learner data and promoting transparency and explainability; and (5) investing in infrastructure and workforce development to reduce inequities. The paper closes with a research agenda and practical steps for policymakers, institutions, and educators to harness AI's potential while managing risks.

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Artificial intelligence, education reform, personalized learning, large language models, policy, ethics, assessment, digital equity.

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The act of burping a baby after they have been feed is an essential step in the process. Burping helps to expel some of the air that babies have a propensity to swallow while they are being feed, which in turn improves their ability to take in food and prevents difficulties. The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not watching a demonstration improved participants' knowledge of proper burping techniques.

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Effectiveness, Burping techniques, Newborn Babies, Primi mothers

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Time management is an essential academic and life skill that influences students' productivity, stress levels, and overall academic performance. The present study aims to assess time management skills among high school students using the Time Management Questionnaire (TMQ) developed by Britton & Tesser (1991). A sample of 30 students (age range 11-14 years) participated in the assessment. Raw scores were calculated, and descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were derived. Results revealed that 50% of students demonstrated good time management abilities, 43.3% displayed average time management skills, and 6.7% showed excellent planning abilities. The study concludes that although most students exhibit moderate time management skills, improvements are needed in long-term planning and reduction of procrastination. Recommendations for awareness programs and skill-building interventions are discussed.

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Time management, high school students, TMQ, planning skills, academic performance, time attitudes.

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The growing crisis of environmental degradation and pollution across the world has become the most serious challenge facing humanity today. At such a time, the global community needs geographical, logical, emotional, and spiritual solutions. This research paper presents the possibility of an excellent communication method for this purpose. India is a nation of faith. Various cultural traditions in India offer evidence of social reform and order through spiritual endeavors. Yagya, as one such spiritual practice, has been given an important place in Indian culture. Yagya is not only a cultural and spiritual ritual, but it has also been an important means of social harmony and communication. The yajna ritual propounded by Yugrishi Pandit Shriram Sharma Acharya, the founder of the Akhil Vishwa Gayatri Parivar and a thinker, ascetic, and writer who introduced the world to the philosophy of scientific spirituality, has two primary objectives: refinement of the inner personality and purification of the external environment. By collecting the basic concepts and principles of this yajna, he innovated the Deep Yajna tradition by making the yajna process concise and accessible. Through this study, the researcher examined the Deep Yajna ritual propounded by Pandit Shriram Sharma in the context of environmental communication. Acharyashree propounded the Deep Yajna ritual as a spiritual practice as well as a medium for social, cultural, and environmental awareness. This yajna ritual uses minimal natural resources and symbolically worships the universe in the form of the five elements of nature and the Kalash. Furthermore, by incorporating campaigns like Taru Mitra/Putra along with the ritual of Dev Dakshina, an example of environmental communication is presented through practical learning. Deep Yagyas establish an effective paradigm through elements such as low cost, symbolism, collectivity, and behavior change. The study analyzes the role of the Deep Yagya method proposed by Pandit Shriram Sharma Acharya in light of contemporary principles of environmental communication, concluding that Deep Yagya is a powerful medium of environmental communication.

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Deep Yagya, environmental communication, symbolic action, Pandit Shriram Sharma Acharya, sustainable development, Yagya tradition

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The study evaluated the organization commitment of Job order employees in Central Luzon, Philippines. It first described the profile of the Job order employees in Central Luzon, Philippines along with: Office Assignment, Age, Sex, Educational attainment, Salary, and Length of Service as Job Order employee. Second it evaluates the level of organizational commitment of the Job order employees along with: Affective commitment, Continuance commitment and Normative commitment. Third, it determines if there is a significant relationship between their organizational commitment and employment status based on their profile. The challenges encountered by these Job order employees were also identified to wit plan of action was proposed to solve this problem.

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Human Resources; Organizational Commitment; Job Order Employees; Public Administration

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The voice interface is a new buzz in the market and applications such as Google Assistant, Cortona, Alexa, and Siri making it popular. While talking about product design, we talk about inclusive design and that inclusive design is not possible if we do not consider the low resource languages or regional languages such as Dogri, Kumauni, etc. This paper examines the present status of the Dogri language in the context of creating a Speech Recognition System (SRS). It also discusses the work done in various Indian regional languages. The overview of the speech recognition system and challenges to building the Dogri language speech recognition is discussed. This paper discusses the various techniques for developing SRS systems such as the conventional approach (Acoustic/Phonetic), Pattern Recognition (Artificial Intelligence/ machine learning (AI/ML), HMM/GMM) approach, and hybrid approach.

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Acoustic-Phonetic, Artificial Intelligence, HMM/GMM, Speech Recognition System, Voice Interface

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Microbiology lab is equipped with various specialized instruments essential for studying microorganisms. Key equipment includes microscopes for viewing tiny organisms, autoclaves for sterilization using steam and pressure, centrifuges for separating substances by density, incubators to provide optimal growth conditions, laminar air flow hoods to ensure sterile environments, magnetic stirrers for mixing liquids, pH meters for measuring acidity, and deep freezers for storage of cultures. Other devices like colony counters, water baths, hot plates, and spectrophotometers support diverse microbiological processes. These tools collectively enable isolation, culture, identification, and research on microorganisms safely and efficiently. The lab design often includes media preparation areas to maintain sterility and facilitate growth media preparation. Understanding and proper handling of this equipment are crucial for effective microbiological work and safety. {1}

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INSTRUMENT AND EQUIPMENT USED IN MICROBIOLOGY

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Betel leaf (Piper betle Linn.) is a plant that holds cultural significance and is noted for its medicinal uses across Asia, where it serves various religious, social, and therapeutic functions. The plant contains a range of phytochemicals such as chavibetol, safrole, allylpyrocatechol, and eugenol, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antifungal, and gastroprotective properties. In traditional Ayurveda, betel leaf has been used to manage ailments such as headaches, constipation, respiratory problems, inflammation, and wound healing. The economic significance of the plant is evident in its roles within pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and cultural practices. However, prolonged use, particularly in combinations like betel quid with tobacco and areca nut, can result in toxicity and negative health outcomes. This review covers the botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, cultivation, pharmacological effects, traditional applications, and economic importance of betel leaf, offering a thorough overview of its potential therapeutic benefits and limitations.

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Betel Leaf ,Piper betle Linn. (or P. betle), Paan, Piperaceae

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ABSTRACT: A quasi experimental Research design was used to assess the effectiveness of health education on knowledge regarding prevention of parent to child transmission of HIV among antenatal mothers at govt. maternity hospital tirupathi were selected by Non Probability convenient Sampling technique. Data collection was done by questionnaire on knowledge and knowledge on practices. Data was analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. Data was collected at government Maternity hospital, Tirupati. 50 antenatal mothers were selected by Non Probability convenient Sampling Technique. Investigator introduced herself to the Antenatal mothers and explained the significance of study. Written consent was obtained from them after explaining the purpose of study.An attempt was made to build rapport with mothers and her attendants, in order to win confidence and cooperation of the respondents to get correct answers per day 5 Antenatal mothers were interviewed.

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Key words : parent to child HIV transmission, Antenatal Mothers,Government maternity Hospital.

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The study aimed to assess the awareness the knowledge of prevention measures of Tech Neck Syndrome (TNS) among BSc. IT students who are very much dependent on digital devices for academic and personal activities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 203 students between 17 and 25 years of age in South Mumbai using a self-validated online questionnaire. The results showed that although 86.2% of the students used mobile phones and 54.2% used laptops daily, almost 83% of the students had never heard about TNS. The most commonly reported symptoms were neck pain, headache, and eye strain. While 67% of respondents agreed to maintain correct posture and 55% agreed with the benefits of stretching as preventive measures, only 21% of the respondents practiced regularly. Interestingly, 59.7% felt that physiotherapy plays a role in prevention, and many of them expressed willingness to make lifestyle changes if prompted.

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Awareness, Ergonomics, Physiotherapy, Preventive Measures, Tech Neck Syndrome

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Traditional inventory and warranty tracking methods rely heavily on manual documentation, which often results in misplaced bills, missed warranty periods, inaccurate stock updates, and inefficient business operations. This project presents a cloud-integrated Inventory & Warranty Management System that automates stock management, warranty tracking, and expense calculation using OCR-based bill scanning. The system is developed using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, integrated with Firebase Authentication, Firestore Database, and Cloud Storage, and incorporates Tesseract.js OCR for automatic data extraction. The platform provides role-based dashboards for customers and salespersons, supports real-time stock updates, smart notifications for warranty expiries and low-stock alerts, and enables paperless recordkeeping. Experimental evaluation demonstrates improved accuracy, reduced human error, and enhanced operational efficiency

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Inventory Management, OCR, Warranty Tracking, Firebase, Web Application, Real-Time Systems, Cloud Synchronization

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This project investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a Single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with Canola Methyl Ester (CME) biodiesel at varying injection pressures, aiming to optimize pressure settings for enhanced efficiency and reduced emissions. A comparative analysis lwith conventional diesel was conducted under different load conditions, focusing on key parameters such as specific fuel consumption, specific energy consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and emissions including CO, HC, CO?, and NOx. The engine demonstrated stable operation on CME across all test conditions. Among the tested pressures, 220 Bar is emerged as the most effective, delivering superior thermal efficiency, lower specific fuel consumption, and significantly reduced emissions, owing to better atomization and combustion characteristics of CME. Although NOx levels were slightly higher due to elevated flame temperatures, the overall results indicate that CME at 220 Bar is a promising and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional diesel fuel.

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Break thermal efficiency, Specific fuel consumption, Emissions.

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India is known for its vast and diverse cultural heritage, which includes historical monuments, traditional art forms, languages, festivals, and customs. This rich heritage is a source of national identity and pride. However, factors like urbanization, modernization and a lack of awareness have led to the neglect and deterioration of many cultural elements. In this context, education plays a key role in safeguarding India's cultural heritage by creating awareness, fostering appreciation and encouraging active participation in preservation efforts. This paper explores how integrating cultural heritage into the education system can help students understand and value their traditions. Schools and colleges can promote heritage education through history lessons, art and craft activities, field visits to historical sites, and the use of digital tools like virtual tours and online archives. Additionally, community involvement, government initiatives, and institutional efforts, such as programs organized by UNESCO and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, contributes to heritage preservation. Despite these efforts, there are challenges, such as limited resources, lack of trained educators, and insufficient focus on heritage education in mainstream curricula. To overcome these barriers, it is essential to adopt innovative teaching methods, encourage collaboration between educational institutions and cultural organizations, and involve young people in conservation projects. By making cultural heritage a vital part of education, we can ensure that future generations understand, respect, and preserve India's rich traditions. This paper, however highlights the importance of education in protecting cultural heritage and suggests practical strategies for strengthening heritage education in India.

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Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Preservation and Conservation, Educational Curriculum, National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 ,Cultural Awareness.

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The used car market has expanded rapidly over the last decade, driven by rising new car prices, improved vehicle durability, digital marketplaces, and changing consumer preferences. This paper analyses the determinants of the selling price of used cars using insights from existing empirical studies and typical datasets collected from online classified platforms and dealer inventories. Key explanatory variables considered include vehicle age, mileage, brand category, model type, fuel type, transmission, vehicle condition, service history, accident history, and cosmetic attributes such as colour and optional features. Prior research consistently shows that mileage and age are the dominant price drivers, while brand reputation and vehicle class exert substantial additional influence; cosmetic factors such as colour typically have limited but sometimes locally relevant effects. Multiple linear regression and machine learning models, such as random forest regression and neural networks, are commonly used to model the relationship between vehicle characteristics and selling price, achieving reasonably low prediction errors suitable for pricing support in practice. The findings discussed in this paper highlight that: o Price declines non linearly with age and accumulated mileage, with sharper depreciation in early years. o Premium and reliable brands command persistent price premiums, even after controlling for age and mileage. o Good vehicle condition, documented service history, and clean accident records substantially raise achievable selling prices. o Machine learning models can improve prediction accuracy compared with simple linear models but at the cost of interpretability. These insights can help consumers make more informed purchase and sale decisions, and assist dealers and platforms in setting optimal prices, managing inventory, and designing data driven pricing tools.

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Used car price, Resale value, Depreciation, Mileage, Vehicle age, Brand effect, Regression analysis, Machine learning etc.

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