Volume 12 | Issue 12

 Abstract

This paper solves a real-world problem of rider safety by ensuring helmets are worn through the use of the machine-learning technology, YOLO v8, used for helmet detection. The goal is to develop a system that can accurately detect helmets in real-time video feeds. starting from the high-resolution recording of video captures made from the camera on the rider, image processing is deployed to enhance the quality of the frames and make it easier for features to be identified. The real-time processing system efficiently detects whether the rider is wearing a helmet. several processes are involved namely, collecting data, preparing images, choosing the correct architecture, and building up the model. Training the model is essential, and during this stage, the enhancement of the model by the addition of optional data augmentation can significantly help improve the model's performance and make it less sensitive to certain variations, like lighting and pose of the rider. the YOLO v8 model consists of very efficient layers that help with the quick identification of helmets on riders. This has been trained on a lot of data, and its performance has been reported regularly to find efficiency in classifying any object as a rider with/without a helmet. if a helmet is detected, the servo motor, in conjunction with the buzzer, will be activated to alert the rider. The feedback here is instantaneous and encourages them always to buckle up. This is a so-called proactive attempt to better rider safety with the addition of smart technology with the sole aim of proper wearing of helmets.

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Rider Safety, Helmet Detection, YOLOv8, Machine Learning, Object Detection, Real-Time Processing, Buzzer Feedback, Servo Motor.

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Vatarakta is the disease caused due to avarana of raktha on vata , that commonly affects adya(rich) and it is characterised by pain in multiple joints , associated with swelling. Based on the aetiology and symptoms of vataraktha , it can be corelated to gout , which is a metabolic disorder caused due to hyperuricemia , Here a case report of a 35 year old male patient having history of vataraktha from last 4 months which have been treated with ayurvedic management for a total duration of 30days .

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vatarakta , avarana , adya , gout , hyperuricemia

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The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has been a key initiative in improving the socio-economic well-being of rural households by providing guaranteed employment. Despite its widespread success, there is a need to assess its long-term impact on rural life, particularly in terms of health, self-respect, purchasing power for durable goods, expenditure on social ceremonies, and access to essential groceries. This study evaluates the impact of MGNREGS on these aspects over a decade of its implementation. Based on primary data collected from 660 MGNREGS beneficiaries across 12 villages in Mangalagiri Mandal, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, the study reveals that the scheme has significantly enhanced the sense of self-respect, access to food security, and improved health outcomes for rural households. However, its impact on purchasing durable goods and expenditures on social ceremonies was less pronounced. The study highlights the importance of refining MGNREGS to include skill-oriented employment opportunities, improve health infrastructure, and provide financial literacy programs to maximize its socio-economic impact. These findings suggest that a focused approach on sustainable livelihoods and equitable access can further strengthen the program's role in rural development.

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MGNREGS, impact, health, self-respect, durable goods, food security

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Background: Teenage pregnancy is still a problem in world especially in developing countries. NFHS-4 estimated that about 11.8 million teenage pregnancy were noted in the year of 2017. Most of the time teenage pregnancy is affected to maternal health as well as newborn outcome. The special NICU admission rate will be more found in babies born with a teenage mother. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effect of teenage pregnancy on maternal and newborn outcome, their predictor for adverse newborn outcome and complication during postpartum time. Method: Quantitative retrospective survey method and purposive sampling technique was used for this study. The data was collected from MRD department of selected hospital of Badly Talk from 01/01/2022 to 31/12/2023. Total sample was 328 teenage mothers and 332 babies (including four twin pregnancy). Result: The majority 227 (69.21%) of teenage mother had normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy. About 67 (20.43%) had LSCS. 282 (85.98%) Teenage mother delivered baby at 38 to 40 weeks of gestation age at the time of the delivery. About 38 (11.59%) mother had complication during time of delivery. About 152(46.10%) newborn had LBW, 94 (28.48%) need if NICU admission majority reason was LBW 68(72.34%). The odd ratio with p-value < 0.05, showed that only mode of delivery, significantly predicts the type of feeding, indicate that it has a statistically signifihttps://ijcrt.org/archive.php?vol=12&issue=12&pubmonth=December%202024cant impact on newborn outcome. Conclusion: The finding of the study showed that teenage pregnancy is slight effect on maternal and newborn outcome.

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Assess, effect, teenage pregnancy, newborn, maternal outcome, newborn outcome, and predictors.

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Economic crimes are crime which is committed against the society at large amount. There are different types of economic crimes i.e. fraud, money laundering, tax evasion, corruption, bribery, cyber financial crimes, etc. There are many legal and regulatory frameworks to regulate economic crimes such as Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, The Companies Act, 2013, Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988, and The Income Tax Act, 1961.

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Economic Crimes, crime against society, fraud, money laundering, legal frameworks.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of social aspects on the sustainability of the city, the analysis method used is model analysis using a dynamic system. The dynamic system model is used to answer the research objectives, namely how the influence of social aspects on the sustainability of Surabaya city as a metropolitan city in East Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted using secondary data with an observation period of 2023-2033. The results showed that the city of Surabaya as a metropolitan city tends to become an unsustainable metropolitan city in the next ten years until 2033, one of the most influential aspects in social aspects is such as the rapid increase in population which can be seen from the number of incoming migration and the number of births.

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Population, Education, Health, Sustainable city, System dynamic.

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Deep fake videos, generated by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, have raised significant concerns in various sectors, including politics, media, and entertainment

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CNN,RNN,GAN

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AI, CAL, GEN AI, FGD, ICT, QOE, SDG, TAM, XAI

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Anorectal disorders are painful, highly discomfort condition in perianal region which may hamper daily routine life. Bhagandara (Fistula in ano) is an infected tract lined by unhealthy granulation tissue connecting the anal canal or rectum to the skin around the anus. When anal glands are infected it leads to anorectal abscess formation which burst open to form fistula in ano. In contemporary medical science majorly fistula in ano are treated surgically through Fistulotomy, Fistulectomy and LIFT (The Ligation of Inter-sphincteric Fistula Tract) etc. Every procedure includes their own limitation with considerable rate of complication and recurrence. Ayurveda is well known for the treatment of Bhagandara with ksharasutra. Nimba Ksharasutra has smearing of Snuhi ksheera, Nimba Kshara, Haridra, to assist every stage of healing. Here a case diagnosed with perianal abscess was operated for incision and drainage which later confirmed fistula in ano by probing the tract which was 3.2 cm in length, for which Nimbaksharasutra was ligated, every 7th day Nimbaksharasutra was changed by rail road method till the complete cutting of the tract. Assessment of pus discharge, pain, itching, tenderness and length of the tract was done in every follow up. Significant improvement was observed in symptoms, including pain reduction, decreased discharge, and improved wound healing. The fistula tract showed complete closure by 4 weeks, with no recurrence. Nimbaksharasutra offers a promising, minimally invasive, and cost effective treatment option for Bhagandara, with minimal or no recurrence also significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life.

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Nimbaksharasutra, Bhagandara, Fistula in ano, Ayurveda, Case study

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Abstract: Traditional library services provided in university libraries as including interlibrary loan services, abstracting services, cataloguing services, reprographic services, bibliographic services, circulation services, reference services, and information services. Other traditional services include User services, Reference Services, Current Awareness Services, Document Delivery, Inter-library Loan, Audio-Visual Services, and Customer Relations. Furthermore, advanced category services include access to internet and internet-based tools and resources including electronic information sources and digital archive of private and public documents.. Information literacy as the set of skills and knowledge required to access both printed and technological resources and assess their accuracy, effectiveness, and reliability.

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Keywords: Information, service delivery, electronic information sources.

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Amphotericin B, a polyene macrolide antifungal, has been a cornerstone in the treatment of systemic fungal infections for decades. Its unique mechanism of action, involving the binding to ergosterol and disruption of fungal cell membranes, ensures a broad spectrum of antifungal activity. Despite its efficacy against life-threatening mycoses, the clinical utility of Amphotericin B is often limited by significant adverse effects, particularly nephrotoxicity and infusion-related reactions. Advances in pharmaceutical formulations, such as liposomal Amphotericin B, have addressed these challenges to some extent by improving its safety profile. This paper reviews the history, pharmacology, clinical applications, and limitations of Amphotericin B, highlighting recent innovations and future directions for enhancing its therapeutic potential. While its legacy as a life-saving antifungal remains uncontested, ongoing research is crucial to overcome resistance and optimize its clinical use in a rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape.

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Amphotericin - B, Antifungal therapy, Systemic fungal infection, Lipid formulation, Nephrotoxicity

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This research paper explores the critical role of Educational Ecology in fostering a positive classroom climate, a vital component for effective teaching and learning. A positive classroom climate is characterized by supportive interactions among students and between teachers and students, which enhances student engagement, motivation, and overall academic success. The paper explores how various ecological factors--including physical environment, social dynamics, and institutional practices--interact to shape the emotional and social atmosphere of the classroom. Educational ecology refers to the intricate web of relationships and influences within educational settings that impact learning experiences. This includes not only the physical layout of the classroom but also the interpersonal relationships that develop among students and between students and teachers. Research has shown that a positive classroom climate leads to improved academic outcomes, reduced anxiety, and increased student satisfaction. For example, classrooms where teachers establish warm and inclusive relationships tend to foster higher levels of student participation and collaboration. The paper identifies several key dimensions of educational ecology that contribute to a positive classroom climate. These include personalization, where students feel recognized as individuals; involvement, which encourages active participation; and student cohesiveness, which promotes a sense of community among peers. Additionally, the role of clear communication, mutual respect, and shared expectations is emphasized as essential for creating an inclusive environment where all students feel valued. To cultivate a positive classroom climate, educators are encouraged to implement specific strategies that enhance educational ecology. These strategies include setting clear behavioral expectations, fostering open communication, and providing opportunities for collaborative learning. By actively engaging students in decision-making processes regarding classroom activities and norms, teachers can empower students, giving them a sense of ownership over their learning environment. Moreover, this paper highlights the importance of adaptability in teaching practices. Educators must be attuned to the diverse needs of their students, including those with special educational needs (SEN). By organizing group work thoughtfully and rearranging seating arrangements to minimize cliques, teachers can create an atmosphere that supports inclusivity and belonging. In conclusion, this research underscores the significance of Educational Ecology in shaping a positive classroom climate. By recognizing the interconnectedness of various ecological factors and their influence on student interactions, educators can create nurturing environments that promote not only academic success but also social-emotional development. This conceptual framework serves as a guide for future research and practical applications aimed at enhancing classroom climates across diverse educational contexts.

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Educational Ecology, Classroom Climate, Inclusive relationships, Collaborative learning

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Hatha yoga is renowned for six cleansing techniques namely Dhauti, Basti, Neti, Trataka, Nauli and Kapalbhati; that help for maintaining equilibrium of tridoshas in the body. Trataka is a kriya well-known for improving concentration and controlling the mind- stuff. It is also renowned for its therapeutic application. Trataka kriya has the potential to induce a relaxation response and relieve tension, making it a useful tool for improving mental health.

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Trataka, Hatha Yoga, Kriya

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Now a day, the socioeconomic status has been changed a lot so people are now aware and more concerned about their health. They have knowledge about the detrimental effects of synthetic products. That is why they are interested in natural product. Utilization of natural product of plant origin having fewer side effects has gained popularity over the years. There is immense scope for natural products that can intimate health benefits beyond traditional nutrients. Sahjan has been used for centuries due to its medicinal properties and health benefits. Sahjan leaves have been found to contain the majority of essential nutrients required to maintain good health. Sahjan leaf is rich in multiple minerals and vitamins including iron, vitamin A and vitamin C. moreover sahjan may help to resolve multiple malnutrition problems as it contains all essential amino acids, the building block for the protein crucial to cell growth and metabolism. Especially infant and children are benefitted more through high nutrient content of leaves. Advanced modern medical science has no doubt extended the life span of the human, but the new upcoming health problems are also awaiting their solution. Humans have to suffer many problems related with health in day to day life. To overcome these problems he has to keep his body and mind strong and healthy. The nutritional requirement of human body reflects the nutritional intake necessary to maintain optimal body function and to meet the body daily energy needs. Need to study- Every part of sahjan has useful properties which can serve mankind and it can be one of the promising plants for further research activities. I aimed to explores and evaluate the effect of consumptions of sahjan (moringa) across disciplines for its medicinal value and deals with nutrition and prominent pharmacological properties of this "Miracle Tree" along with a regular diet.

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Nutrition, life span, insufficient, balance of body, Sahjan

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The aim of this study is to examine the influence of cultural identity on the demand for handloom and handcrafted textiles in the Delhi market. With the growing emphasis on preserving traditional crafts and promoting sustainability within the Indian fashion industry, this study explores how cultural values shape consumer preferences and buying behaviours. By applying behavioural models, the report investigates the motivations behind consumer choices, as well as the challenges, opportunities, and emerging trends in the sector. Additionally, it highlights how policy changes, consumer education, and technological innovations can support the growth of the handloom industry.

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Present consumer trends, handloom, handmade materials, sustainable fashion, and purchasing habits.

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The materials such as ordinary Portland cement, river sand, quarry dust, coarse aggregate, fly ash, silica fume, Super plasticizer, Polypropylene fiber and locally available potable water were used in the present work. All these materials were tested using the relevant standard methods prescribed by Bureau of Indian standards. The SCC-QD and SCC-RS binary as well as ternary blended mixes are tested for filling ability, passing ability and segregation resistance as per the guidelines prescribed by EFNARC. Further, the mechanical properties of hardened SCC such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength have also been evaluated. Also, the durability characteristics of SCC-QD mixes such as sorptivity, chloride resistance, sulphate resistance, and acid resistance have been studied. It is evident that 20% of FA or 15% of SF is the optimum percentage to replace the cement to impart maximum strength to SCC-RS mixes. However, in the case of SCC-QD mixes, 30% of FA or 5% of SF is the optimum percentage to replace the cement to provide maximum strength to concrete. Among the binary blended SCC, the QD-FA30 mix has exhibited highest strength of 58 MPa, followed RS-SF15 mix with 52 MPa. In the case of ternary blended mixes , the QD-SF15-FA10 mix yielded maximum strength of 50 MPa. Further, all SCC-QD mixes exhibited remarkably low sorptivity and thereby higher durability than control mix. Also, among all the SCC-QD mixes, binary blended SCC-QD-SF mixes have demonstrated relatively low sorptivity and higher durability than other mixes. It is followed by ternary blended SCC - QD and binary belnded SCC-QD-FA.

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Polypropylene fiber; sorptivity; silica fume.

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The proposed system offers an efficient solution for real-time weather monitoring in the Karnataka region by leveraging IoT technology. It utilizes multiple sensors to collect data on key environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and atmospheric pressure, which is then processed by a NodeMCU controller. The system operates on a client-server architecture, enabling the transmission of sensor data via a serial monitor to a cloud platform, making the data publicly accessible. Users can monitor weather conditions remotely from any location, without reliance on specific applications or websites. The system demonstrates improved accuracy and reliability over traditional weather monitoring methods, providing valuable, real-time insights into environmental conditions for better decision-making and analysis.

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IoT, Weather Monitoring, Sensors, NodeMCU, Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Rainfall, Cloud Computing.

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This study evaluated the benefits and service challenges experienced by Social Security System (SSS) pensioners in Balanga City, Bataan, Philippines. As social welfare programs, particularly pension schemes, are critical for the economic security of elderly and vulnerable populations, this research highlights how the Philippine SSS provides essential retirement, disability, and death benefits. It places the study within the broader context of global population aging and the resultant pressures on pension systems, noting the unique challenges that developing nations, like the Philippines, face due to limited institutional and financial resources. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study engaged 150 pensioners through surveys and interviews to evaluate their awareness, satisfaction, and accessibility to pension benefits. Findings indicate that while awareness of the SSS's core benefits--particularly retirement and death benefits--was generally adequate, many pensioners lacked a thorough understanding of eligibility conditions and technical details like calculation methods for disability percentages. Participants frequently cited administrative inefficiencies, such as bureaucratic delays, processing errors, and inadequate communication, as significant obstacles that impacted their ability to consistently access benefits. In rural and semi-urban settings, additional barriers arose, including limited digital literacy, restricted access to information, and logistical challenges in visiting SSS offices, which often led to missed benefits or delays. The study underscores the need for SSS to improve service delivery through clearer communication on eligibility and benefit calculation, simplified administrative processes, and outreach efforts to enhance digital literacy and service access in remote areas. These recommendations aim to bolster pensioners' understanding of their entitlements, reduce delays, and foster greater trust in the SSS, ultimately contributing to improved financial security and well-being among elderly Filipinos.

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Social Welfare

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Abstract: Friction occurring between the surfaces of two objects in contact, under the action of force parallel to surfaces in contact is known as static friction. Kinetic friction occurs between objects in contact, one moving with respect to the other. Several experiments have been conducted and theories have been put forth in order to explain the phenomenon of friction. Most famous laws of friction tell us that the frictional force only depends on mass of the object and nature of surface but not on the surface area in contact. There are some theories which give the dependence of surface area in contact on the load for cylindrical surfaces. Thus this dependence of frictional force on surface area is linked to and leads to dependence on mass. In the present work dependence of static frictional force on the surface area of the object in contact is investigated, separate from its dependence on mass. Experiments are performed on five series of wooden blocks comprising of total 35 blocks and two series of Perspex blocks comprising of 12 blocks. The results show that static frictional force is directly proportional to load. In addition results show that static frictional force is linearly dependent on surface area in contact. This dependence on surface area in contact is not linked to dependence on mass but is separate from dependence on mass. Accordingly, modified laws of friction are proposed.

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modified laws of friction are proposed

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In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the suitability of kaolinite clay collected from hyderabad, India, as pozzolana in making concrete. The characteristics of OPC, FA, CA, and water were studied to assess their suitability to use in concrete. Mineralogical and physical properties natural kaolin clay collected from Cretaceous (CCK & CCT) and Tertiary system (TCN) were analyzed to find out their acceptability as pozzolona to use in concrete. Later, natural kaolin was calcinated at 400oC, 600oC and 800oC temperature over a period of 4 and 6 hour duration to find out optimum calcination temperature and calcination duration to convert natural kaolin into meta-kaolin. Subsequently, an effort has been made to determine the influence of meta-kaolin on characteristics of MK-OPC blended cement such as consistency, setting time and compressive strength. Further, MK concrete mixes were designed using guidelines prescribed by IS: 10262-2009. Subsequently effect of MK on workability of fresh concrete and also properties of hardened concrete such as compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of concrete were analyzed. Later, CCK15MK concrete mixes were made assess its influence on structural performance of reinforced concrete and also durability in terms of acid resistance, sulfate resistance, chloride resistance, etc. Finally microstructure analysis using x-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was carried out on CCK15, CCT15, and TCN15 mixes to find the influence of meta-kaolin on performance of concrete.

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kaolin clay; metakaolin; Tertiary system.

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