Volume 11 | Issue 12

 Abstract

This paper focus on Emerging phase of Nigerian writers influenced by western world and they disintegrate all the conservative minds among the people. Their views about racism, class, abuse, violence and slavery were dealt different perspective with new ideas and thoughts. First phase of Nigerian writers showcased themes about war, conflict, history and racism in their works but these third generation writers enriched and exploring new media technology and discussed about contemporary social issues. They analyzed the historicized structure and exploring competing framework for narrating temporal change. Apart from other Nigerian authors, these writers were considered as a creative reformers of the contemporary society and they represented the social consciousness and political activism.so, the third generation Nigerian writers utilize the contemporary technology as a tool to construct their society and self-confident, exploration towards knowledge and adaptation of external condition are root cause for their development.

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 Keywords

new idea, social issue , historicized structure , temporal change , new media technology, framework , social consciousness , political activism ,self-confident, exploration, adaptation .

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Biological Name- Trigonella foenum graceum Chemical constituents of fenugreek Fenugreek is a clover-like herb, its seeds, which smells and tastes like maple syrup, have been cooking in co2 used as and as medicine. Fenugreek is an ingredient in spice blends and a Flavouring agent in Foods, tobacco, beverages, and food materials

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spice blends, beverages

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Perception Of Customers Towards E-Banking Services Provided By Karnataka Gramina Bank, Ballari, Which Results The Feedback Of Customers Banking With Using E-Banking Services, Where The Purpose Of Using Services Majorly Mentioned For Transfer Of Funds And E-Investment And Also E-Shopping. The Result Of The Study Portrays The Customers Are Feeling User Friendly Services With Having Safety And Security Related Faith Towards Services Of Banking.

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E-banking, Bank, Electronic Payments, investors, perception, internet banking, traditional banking, User-friendly.

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The Nagara revolt was the first peasant revolt against colonial rule. In the Mysore region this peasant struggle was very strong, sharp and broad. This provided an opportunity for direct conflict with colonial and local monarchies. It also led to the decline of provincial state power. In this one can perceive the elements of anti-Brahmin struggle. Brahmins achieved political dominance by being appointed in large numbers to Faujdar and other posts in the administration of the Mysore state. Nagara rebellion started due to problems related to forced revenue collection and lease system. Later the revolt spread to Mysore, Bangalore and Dakshina Kannada. The Mysore army had completely failed to quell the Nagara rebellion and sought the help of the British. Finally the British army succeeded in quelling the Nagara rebellion. After this we do not find peasant struggles in Mysore state for a century. But the peasant sensibility is visible in the land ownership consciousness, political framework and organizational form. This led to the economic growth of Mysore state.

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Sharatti system, Colonial, Imperial, Monarchy, Patel, Faujdar, Nagara.

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2023, Time changed, people's working outlooks changed. They do not want to put in hours of work which can be done effortlessly by using new technologies. This new technology is AI i.e. Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has arisen as a transformative strength in various industries, including architecture. This topic emphasizes the transformation occurring in architecture due to AI-driven design processes. It will also highlight the impact of operating AI technologies in architectural design approaches, examining how these innovations influence creativity, efficiency, sustainability, and its potential challenges.

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Artificial Intelligence, Architecture, AI-driven design, Innovations, Challenges

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Background: Biologics, derived from living organisms, are pivotal in treating life-threatening conditions such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of biologics and biosimilars, emphasizing their types, molecular characterizations, and recent analytical advancements. Main Body of the Abstract: This review addresses: Introduction to Biologics: Covering their diverse nature and applications in treating various illnesses. Types of Biologics: Expanding on monoclonal antibodies, recombinant DNA technology products, biological response modifiers and their therapeutic significance Introduction to Biosimilars: Discussing the challenges in replicating these drugs due to inherent variability and complex manufacturing processes Molecular Characterization of Biosimilars: Exploring primary and higher-order structures, glycosylation, product-related variants, and process-related variants as key areas of analysis Recent Analytical Advances: Highlighting advancements in techniques such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for host cell protein (HCP) analysis. Short Conclusion: Recent analytical advancements address limitations in HCP detection and identification, contributing significantly to ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of biologics in the pharmaceutical industry.

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Biosimilars, Molecular Characterization, Host Cell Proteins (HCPs), ELISA, 2D-PAGE, LC-MS, MWCO, AAE, LC-MS/MS, Data-independent Acquisition (DIA)

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As semiconductor technology advances, the escalating demand for efficient power consumption in electronic devices, especially mobile gadgets, has become paramount. In pursuit of low-power circuits, this study explores various techniques, including the proposed Advance Leakage Method, to mitigate power loss, emphasizing the critical issue of leakage power, which can contribute up to 50% of overall power consumption. The study examines the dissipation of power due to leakage in VLSI circuits. A comprehensive analysis of leakage reduction methods, such as the Stack Technique, LECTOR Technique, Source Biasing Approach, Stack ONOFIC Approach, and the Proposed Approach, is presented. The study employs CMOS inverter models, revealing a significant reduction in leakage power by 50%, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed method. The results, including power consumption and propagation time for various circuits and techniques, are tabulated and discussed, providing valuable insights for future low-power VLSI circuit designs.

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Power reduction, VLSI, leakage, CMOS, leakage current, transistor

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Bala Graha is a broad-spectrum term & collection of symptoms defined in Ayurveda codes books, where in the etiology is unknown. The word Grahi is mentioned in Atarva Veda. Mahabharata first time explained morphology of Graha Rogas, whereas Ayurveda texts explain the clinical features along with management, though the number of Balagraha varies from text to text. The advancement of technology and diagnostics in the subject of paediatric's in the recent years have made more clear understanding of these conditions, still many challenging disorders are present whose causes are unknown, termed as of idiopathic origin. One of the major management approaches is Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa for disorders of unknown etiological factors especially Graha Rogas. One such specific Graha Roga is Skanda among the Bala Grahas, whose detailed description is available in all the major texts. The clinical features of Skanda Graha closely resembles with Polio virus infection such as painful joints, rigid muscles, stiffness of the body. The details and concept regarding this will be discussed and presented in full paper

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Bala Graha, Skanda Graha, Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa, Polio virus infection.

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The pathetic feeling owing to a large number of students failing in English at two Bihar Board examinations is a cause of great concern. Although the situation is changing gradually because of emerging consciousness across the state for better learning and quality education the outcome still is far behind the expectation. The academic solution may rest in understanding and analyzing approaches, methods of dissemination and teaching. The article, an outcome of deep research and empirical observation, centres around the concern of the state which replicates the methods and issues of multilingual learning amid different cultural and social contexts.

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Learning of English, approaches of learning, bilingual and multilingual learning, cultural and social contexts

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India's higher education system is the world's third largest in terms of students, next to China and the United States. In future, India will be one of the largest education hubs. India's Higher Education sector has witnessed a tremendous increase in the number of Universities/University level Institutions & Colleges since independence. The higher education in India is, generally, seemed to be bleak since post-independence and raises several questions still unanswered. The unplanned expansion of higher education opportunities, spiralling trend of the educated unemployed, commercialization of education, the imbalance of quantity with quality, ignorance equity and excellence, are some of the pertinent cases in point that pose continuous threats to higher education of India. In this light, the new reforms in education to come must address all the above concerns in higher education and involve innovative modalities of how to classify and reclassify information, how to look at problems from new and different directions and at last how to bring about new future society to meet the challenges to come. Hence, the emerging Indian society needs to make the system of their higher education must innovative and futuristic to face the changing demands of the modern Indian Society. This paper includes the key challenges that India is currently facing in higher education and also includes some initiatives taken by the government to meet those challenges.

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Higher Education, India, Present Scenario, Future prospects, Challenges, Government Initiatives

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A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of metals like lead and chromium on morphological parameters, amount of chlorophyll and protein content of Spinacia oleracea. The absorbance and accumulation of these two metals in the edible part (leaves) of the plant was also studied. Pot experiments were carried out to treat the plants with various concentrations of both the metals and their impact on different parameters were investigated and compared with the control. It was found that all the morphological parameters, the three types of chlorophyll (a, b and total) as well as the total proteins get reduced in the plants treated with lead and chromium in comparison to control. The effect of chromium in increasing concentrations on the morphological parameters was found to be more adverse than lead, while the adverse impact of increasing lead concentrations were more on the chlorophyll and protein contents. However the metals (Pb and Cr) did not accumulate in the leaves in significant amounts.

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Absorbance, Accumulation, Morphological parameters, Chlorophyll, Protein.

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Now a days increase in population increases the demand of concrete for construction purpose and Aggregates are the important constituents in concrete. Re-use of demolition waste avoids the problem of waste disposal and is also helpful in reducing the gap between demand and supply of fresh aggregates. This research deals with partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates (NCA) with recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) of age group 15, 25 & 35 years in different proportions like 20%, 30%, 40%. For this, M20 grade of concrete is adopted. Curing of specimens were done for 7days and 28 days to attain the maximum strengths. Partial replacement of fine aggregate with Silica Fume at 5%, 10%, 15% were done to gain more strength. After casting the specimens of RCA with Silica Fume replacement, curing was done and the specimens were tested for compressive and tensile strengths. Obtained results of compressive and tensile strengths of RCA concrete mix were compared with conventional concrete. In this direction, an experimental investigation of compressive and tensile strength was undertaken to use RCA as a partial replacement in concrete. It was observed that the concrete with recycled aggregates of 15,25, & 35 years age group achieved maximum compressive strength and Split tensile strength at 40% Replacement of NCA with 15yrs RCA, at 15 % replacement of NCA with 15yrs RCA and replacement of Fine aggregate with Silica Fume, at 30 % for Replacement of NCA with 25yrs RCA, at 15% for Replacement of NCA with 25yrs RCA and replacement of Fine aggregate with Silica Fume, at 20 % for Replacement of NCA with 35yrs RCA.

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Natural Coarse Aggregate, Recycled Coarse Aggregate, Silica Fume, Concrete

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Herbal medicine has grown in importance on a global scale for both medical and financial reasons. Because herbal remedies don't have the common side effects of allopathic medicines, patient compliance is rising.The objective of this study was to develop and formulate an antimicrobial gel using turmeric and eucalyptus in order to assess the chemical and physical properties of formulations. A gel is a jelly-like semisolid preparation that is applied topically to a variety of body surfaces. The goal of the study was to formulate and evaluate the antimicrobial herbal gel from the local medicinal plants. The oil of the selected plants was taken in different ratios at random to formulate gel. The topical formulation was developed and tested for physical parameter, drug content, uniformity, and spreadibility (SP). Using the agar diffusion method, the gels' antimicrobial activity against a variety of microbial agents was assessed. The herbal gels demonstrated the superior antibacterial activity of formulations with turmeric and eucalyptus oil.

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Antimicrobial activity,Herbal Gel, Eucalyptus oil and turmeric,Evaluation.

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Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a promising paradigm to meet the requirement of ultra-dense, low-latency and high-rate in the fifth-generation networks. However, energy consumption is a critical issue for the D2D communication, especially for D2D relay networks. To make the best use of D2D communication, the problem of optimizing energy efficiency (EE) must be addressed. Here propose a joint power allocation and relay selection (JPARS) scheme for the improvement of energy efficiency in relay-aided D2D communications underlaying cellular network. A mixed integer nonlinear fractional programming (MINLP) problem of the total EE for D2D pairs is formulated. While ensuring the quality of service (QoS) of cellular users and D2D links, here solve the power allocation problem by Dinkelbach method and Lagrange dual decomposition. After that, Q-learning, one of the reinforcement learning algorithms, is employed to solve the relay selection problem. Finally, we provide in-depth theoretical analysis of the proposed scheme in terms of complexity and signaling overhead. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme not only overcomes the bottleneck effect, but also nearly reaches the theoretical maximum in terms of the total EE of D2D pairs.

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relay,d2d communication

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Abstract: Physical education, often abbreviated to Phys Ed. or PE, is a subject taught in schools around the world . It is usually taught during primary and secondary education and encourages psychomotor learning by using a play and movement exploration setting to promote health and physical fitness. Basic education featured heavily in the 1997 ISCED document, but the term was not included in the glossary. Each country interpreted the term in different ways, and leading up to the 2011 revision, a discussion paper was issued to seek clarification. In most countries, ISCED 1 corresponds to the nationally designated primary education, and basic education includes that and also ISCED 2 lower secondary education (the lower level of secondary school). In other countries, where there is no break between primary and lower secondary education "basic education" covers the entire compulsory school period. For statistical reasons, ISCED 1 is then considered to be the first six years of schooling. Universal basic education is regarded as a priority for developing countries and is the focus of the Education For All movement led by UNESCO. It is also included in the Millennium Development Goals as goal number 2: achieve universal primary education by 2015. Secondary education or post-primary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale. Level 2 or lower secondary education (less commonly junior secondary education) is considered the second and final phase of basic education, and level 3 upper secondary education or senior secondary education is the stage before tertiary education. Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them. Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank, for example, defines tertiary education as including universities as well as trade schools and colleges. Higher education is taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, while vocational education beyond secondary education is known as further education in the United Kingdom, or included under the category of continuing education in the United States. Health education is a profession of educating people about health.[1] Areas within this profession encompass environmental health, physical health, social health, emotional health, intellectual health, and spiritual health, as well as sexual and reproductive health education.

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Physical Education, Activity, Sports and Health.

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E-commerce means electronic commerce. E-commerce is the trading of goods and services on the internet or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network. It is new change in way of doing business. Now a days e-commerce is the boom in online market. Every small to big thing is now available on online market. The platform, named "Herbal Med Online," aims to offer a comprehensive online marketplace for herbal remedies, supplements, and wellness products while concurrently educating and raising awareness about the benefits and applications of herbal medicine.The current research has be undertaken to bridge the gap between consumers seeking natural remedies and herbal medicine providers by creating a user-friendly, secure, and comprehensive e-commerce platform. The website will feature a wide range of herbal medicine products, including supplements, traditional remedies, and wellness products, making it a one-stop destination for individuals seeking natural healthcare solutions. In summary, "Herbal Med Online" represents a pioneering e-commerce platform that not only offers herbal products but also serves as a knowledge center, advocating the benefits of herbal medicine. By combining commerce with education, the platform strives to create a more informed and health-conscious community.

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E-commerce, Herbal Medicine

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 Abstract

In the realm of popular music, rap music may influence people's behavior through its explicit lyrics. This study examines the correlation between the frequency of rap music consumption and attitudes toward substance use among young adults aged 18-35 years. Furthermore, it examines the impact of listening to of rap music on attitudes toward substance use among individuals of different genders. The study utilizes a quantitative research approach, employing convenience sampling for data collection, and correlation analysis, and a t-test for data interpretation. The hypothesis suggested a connection between the frequency of listening to rap music and positive attitudes towards substance use among young adults. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that there is a significant gender-based difference, with males being more susceptible to developing positive attitudes toward substance use due to higher exposure to rap music than females. Consistent with the initial hypothesis, there is a positive relationship exists between the frequency of rap music consumption and attitudes toward substance use among young adults. The findings reveal a significant gender-based difference, with males displaying a higher tendency for positive attitudes toward substance use and higher exposure to rap music than females. This research seeks to offer insights that could direct public health campaigns and educational strategies with the goal of promoting healthier choices and minimizing substance use among young adults. The general limitations of this study include limited qualitative insights, temporal factors, sampling bias, self-selection bias, response bias, and changing rap subgenres. The general ethical considerations applied in this study were informed consent, anonymity and confidentiality, avoiding coercion, and transparent reporting. To conclude, listening to rap music with regular recommendations for drug and alcohol use, as well as general smoking recommendations, tends to encourage substance use among young adults, according to this research study.

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Rap Music, Young Adults, Substance Use, Attitude

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This study evaluated the awareness in the implementation of Procurement Law in the Unified Commands, AFP. It also identified the problems encountered in the procurement process and proposed plans of actions that can improve the procurement process. The researcher attained the objectives of the study, through a research strategy known as quantitative correlational research design. The researcher also identified the respondents of the study using purpose sampling design. The researcher used a survey questionnaire to evaluate the level of awareness of the employees involved in the procurement process and evaluated the process in terms of timeliness, number of signatories and transparency. The data collected were analyzed using Likert scale, frequency, and percentage. The study's findings reveal that a majority of the respondents possess a substantial awareness of the Procurement Law (RA 9184). Specifically, they demonstrate a solid understanding of the governing principles on government procurement (4.16 - Aware), emphasizing their grasp of the fundamental concepts underlying procurement processes. Furthermore, they are fully aware of procurement planning (4.50 - Fully Aware), recognizing its pivotal role in effective procurement. While they display awareness of procurement by electronic means (3.96 - Aware) and the existence of the Bids and Awards Committee (3.82 - Aware), they are especially knowledgeable about the preparation of bidding documents (4.16 - Aware) and the procedures related to the receipt and opening of bids (3.99 - Aware). They also demonstrate awareness of post-qualification, award, implementation, and contract termination processes (3.87 - Aware) and alternative methods of procurement (4.05 - Aware). However, a significant challenge noted is the return of procurement documents due to incomplete requirements, which is prevalent among 88% of respondents. This issue poses potential delays and obstacles to the Unified Command's procurement efficiency. To address this, the top-priority proposed action involves urging end-users and purchasing units to submit complete documents with all necessary signatures, emphasizing document integrity and timely submissions (87%).

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21,185

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Social media is crucial for governments to improve public communication, deliver services, and manage crises efficiently. These platforms enable rapid engagement with a broad audience, encourage trust, address inquiries, and monitor public sentiment. Government use of social media underscores the need for public institutions to align with client needs, foster trust, adhere to legal requirements, and create a secure online community. Presently, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) stands as one of the national departments with an existing guideline governing the implementation of social media management within the Department. This study focused on assessing the current state of the implementation of DSWD Administrative Order No. 16, Series of 2021. Employing a quantitative descriptive research design and utilizing survey questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis, the researcher assessed the perceptions of DSWD Region III's social media team and their clientele. Engaging these two distinct groups was crucial in this study to ensure that the existing guidelines focus on citizen-centric operations. In particular, this study described and evaluated the Department's implementation in terms of social media accounts, social media account management, content management, and crisis management. Furthermore, this research aimed to identify if a significant difference exists in the perceptions of these two distinct groups through a statistical technique. This helped the researcher identify existing challenges and propose measures to improve the Department's existing social media guidelines. The study found that while the DSWD Region III's social media team strictly adheres to the comprehensive guidelines outlined in this Administrative Order to the best of their capacity and resources, there is a significant difference in the perception between them and the clientele in the areas of social media account management and content management. These areas particularly cover the concerns of only one social media account in the entire region, lack of updated contact information on social accounts, deficiency in content inclusivity, especially for persons with disabilities, and the existence of DSWD Region III "fake" accounts. In summary, the Administrative Order has successfully directed the daily operations of the DSWD Region III social media team, benefiting a wide range of clients in the region. Nevertheless, it is imperative for the Department to reevaluate specific guidelines outlined in the AO to address the current challenges of the clientele. Likewise, challenges raised by the Region III social media team warrant attention from the Central Office to ensure the Department maintains optimal public service through social media.

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social media, social media management, social media use in government, DSWD, social media guidelines

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 Abstract

"guardians of innocence : understanding the pocso act simplified"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"guardians of innocence : understanding the pocso act simplified"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition