Volume 12 | Issue 12

 Abstract

The study assesses the socio-economic impact of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) over a decade of its operationalization, focusing on rural households in Mangalagiri Mandal, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh. The primary objective of the research is to examine the effects of MGNREGS on food security, non-food consumption expenditure, migration patterns, and debt burden. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 660 MGNREGS beneficiaries across 12 villages, employing a stratified purposive sampling technique. The findings indicate that MGNREGS has significantly improved food security and reduced debt burden for beneficiaries. Furthermore, it has led to an increase in non-food consumption expenditure and mitigated distress migration. However, challenges remain, including the need for greater financial literacy and diversification of work opportunities. The study highlights the importance of strengthening monitoring mechanisms to ensure more inclusive and effective implementation of the scheme.

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MGNREGS, socio-economic impact, food security, migration, debt burden

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This paper presents the development of the Emotional Monitoring Application (EMA), an innovative system leveraging the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to assess and address emotional states. By integrating facial recognition and voice analysis, the system performs a two-phase emotional assessment and delivers personalized real-time interventions. Using machine learning algorithms, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and techniques such as Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), the system achieves high accuracy in emotion classification. It aims to revolutionize mental healthcare through enhanced automation and real-time monitoring.

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Emotion Recognition, IoMT, Mental Health Support, Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning , LSTM.

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This study looks at the resurgence of legacy themes in modern design, emphasizing its artistic, historical, and cultural significance. Through case studies and interviews with artisans, it examines how they have changed and evolved, emphasizing how technology and environmentally friendly methods have helped to maintain these customs. The results show how innovation is encouraged while preserving cultural identity and regional craftsmanship when authenticity and contemporary aesthetics are combined. In addition to providing techniques for their incorporation into international design marketplaces, this study highlights the potential of historical themes to reconcile tradition and modernity.

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Heritage motifs, cultural identity, traditional patterns, design innovation, sustainability.

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This study explores the development and mechanical enhancement of AA8011 hybrid composites reinforced with Fly Ash, a by-product of coal combustion, and Rice Husk Ash, an agricultural residue. Both materials are considered cost-effective substitutes for more expensive reinforcements. These composites have promising applications in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and electrical engineering, including aircraft wings, fuselages, engine blocks, wheels, power cables, and transformer windings due to their enhanced mechanical properties. The composites were fabricated using stir casting, a cost-effective and efficient method that ensures uniform dispersion of the Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash reinforcements within the aluminium matrix. Reinforcement levels were varied at three equal weight percentages (4%, 6%, and 8%) of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash. Mechanical testing revealed significant improvements in the aluminium metal matrix alloy's properties, with hardness increasing by approximately 15.63% and ultimate tensile strength by approximately 15.25% from 4% to 8% reinforcement, demonstrating the effectiveness of these reinforcements in enhancing the material's overall performance.

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 Keywords

AA8011, Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash, Stir Casting.

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The study examines the movement and behaviour of vendors in rural periodic market centres in Jalpaiguri district. It was found that vendors participate in market cycles independently, though some market centres remain isolated and are not part of any cycle. Notably, market cycles in the region are driven by vendor activity rather than consumer movement. The research focuses on the vendors' market-day schedules, the types of vendors, and the nature of the goods and services they offer. The Location Quotient Method was used to calculate centrality indices based on 44 parameters such as accessibility, economic activities, periodicity, and transaction types. These indices helped classify markets into four hierarchical levels: regional, sub-regional, intermediary, and local. A four-point weighted scale was applied to rank the variables by importance. Quantitative methods like linear regression and the coefficient of determination explain relationships between variables. The average spheres of influence for sample rural periodic market centres are determined based on the distance (range) vendors travel from their homes to these market centres.

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Periodic, Vendors Movement, Centrality, Hierarchy

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Abstract----This research explores the design and implemen tation of a programmable delay timer using Cadence tools and 45nm CMOS technology. The objective is to create a high-precision timer with a modest environmental impact and low power consumption. We developed a thorough library of cells using the 45nm manufacturing technology, complete with intricate designs and transistor-level schematics. The suggested timer architecture satisfies the need for high-performance, energy-efficient digital circuitry and has promise for use in future VLSI applications. The system core based on a programmable delay timer was conceived and implemented in this work, moving from RTL to GDSII. The NC Launch tool was used to verify the functionality of the Programmable Dealy Timer. The Genus tool was then used to create a gate-level netlist using a 45nm technology library file.

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Programmable Delay Timer, RTL-to-GDSII, Cadence ASIC design, power optimization.

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Background: To study the effect of high viscosity and low viscosity artificial tears on keratometry readings in cataract patients. Materials and Methods :An observational study assessing the effect of high viscosity and low viscosity artificial tears on keratometry readings in cataract patients. Results: Significant mean difference is noted in keratometry readings before and after instillation of high viscosity and low viscosity tears but the high viscosity group shows more significant mean difference compared to low viscosity group. Conclusion: The keratometry readings were substantially influenced by tear film stabilizing eye drops prior to keratometry measurements. The effect is stronger and lasts longer when the eye drops have a higher viscosity.

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Artificial tears, cataract, keratometry

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Abstract Introduction: Deleterious oral habits in children, such as thumb sucking, nail biting, and prolonged pacifier use, can adversely affect the stomatognathic system, leading to malocclusions, intraoral defects, and increased susceptibility to dental caries. This study aims to investigate the relationship between these habits and the development of dental caries in children aged 6-10 years, while also exploring the role of guardians and healthcare providers in implementing effective interventions. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 211 children, aged 6-10 years, subjected with no severe systemic illness and comprising mixed dentition were selected from the outpatient department of M.A. Rangoonwala Dental College and its satellite centers. A close-ended questionnaire comprising 21 questions was filled by parents to gather demographic details, oral hygiene practices, and the presence of deleterious oral habits. Clinical examinations were performed to assess dental caries using the deft (decayed, extracted, filled primary teeth) and DMFT (decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth) indices. Results: The study revealed that 37% of children with dental caries exhibited no oral habits, while thumb sucking (16.5%) was the most prevalent habit, followed by nail biting (10.4%). The analysis indicated that children with oral habits had significantly higher mean deft scores (5.43 for thumb sucking) compared to those without habits (1.91). The mean DMFT score was also elevated among children with habits, particularly in those who engaged in thumb sucking and mouth breathing. The findings suggest a strong correlation between deleterious oral habits and increased dental caries prevalence. Conclusion: The study reported the significant impact of deleterious oral habits on dental health in children, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive oral health education. Early identification and management of these habits are important in preventing dental caries and promoting overall oral health.

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Keywords: Deleterious oral habits, Children, Thumb sucking, Nail biting, Mouth breathing.

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Artworks, encompassing a diverse array of mediums and designs, are expressions of creative imagination, emotions, and aesthetic pleasure. However, art cannot be viewed solely as creative expression. The unprecedented surge in art funding has raised questions about the viability of the art market and the risks and potential returns associated with it. This paper examines the intersection of art and economics, studying the progression of art investments over time. It also analyzes the financial potential of this investment avenue, assessing its payouts and drawbacks. Furthermore, the paper explores the future prospects of the art industry.

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Art Investment

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Marketing may be described as the process of defining, anticipating and knowing customer needs, and managing all the resources of the organizing to satisfy them. The satisfaction of customer's needs and wants provides the existence for the organization. The consumer's behavior comprises the acts, processes and social relationships shown by individuals, groups and organizations with products and services.

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Marketing,Relationship,Products,Services,Consumer Behaviour

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Over 41 percent of India's urban population lives in slums. A slum is defined as an area unfit for human habitation because of dilapidated buildings, overcrowding, faulty arrangement and design of buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack of ventilation, light or sanitation facilities or any other combination of these factors, as per the Slum Areas Improvement and Clearance Act 1956. Resettlement of urban poor from slums to affordable housing is one of the important poverty eradication measures taken by the Government. Resettlement includes in situ rehabilitation into better houses as well as relocation to tenements constructed in another locality. There are over 1.7 lakh storied tenements constructed in Tamil Nadu for resettlement of urban poor. Relocation involves a major shock to the resident, as they face loss of habitat and livelihood, along with their social circle and traditions linked to the locality. Loss of livelihood and reduction in income can leave the resettled urban poor even more vulnerable. This study aims to identify and study the major factors that have the most impact on the loss of livelihood among relocated urban poor. These factors include distance from the previous workplace, loss of social network and connections, local competition from relocated area, reduction in economic opportunities as they shift to periphery of the city from the city centre as well as any infrastructure constraints in the tenement complex. A convenience sample of 127 residents of storied tenements in Chennai were randomly selected as the sample for study and descriptive research design was used to gather primary data for analysis. Percentage analysis, mean scores and one way anova were used to analyse the results and arrive at conclusions about what factors were impacting their livelihood the most when they relocate to their allotted tenements, with an analysis of gender variations in the impact of each of the factors.

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Relocation on the livelihood, Resettled urban poor

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This paper details the development of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model designed to optimize the path planning algorithms chosen for autonomous robots in environments populated with obstacles, where the obstacles are represented as circles with various radii as input features to the model. The goal of the ANN is to predict the best algorithm for path planning out of a set of candidates, namely APF, SAPF, DWA, and VAPF. The model has been trained using regression analysis to determine the performance of the algorithm with minimum traversal time by choosing the one that takes the minimum time efficiency of speed for each configuration. Therefore, this method is for enhancing autonomous navigation by dynamically selecting the fastest and safest path planning strategy in real time.

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Path Planning Algorithms, Classifier Neural Networks, Static Path Avoidance, Path Selection, Potential Field Algorithms.

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This project involves designing and constructing an RGB LED TV remote control without using Arduino or other microcontroller platforms. The aim is to create a remote control device capable of changing the colors and brightness of RGB LEDs used as ambient lighting for a TV setup. This system will utilize discrete electronic components such as infrared (IR) transmitters, IR receivers, logic circuits, and transistors to achieve the desired functionality. The device is designed to be low-cost, reliable, and suitable for DIY enthusiasts or educational purposes.

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RGB, TV, Remote Control etc.

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Modern security infrastructure must include intrusion detection systems (IDS) in order to prevent unwanted access to sensitive locations. Conventional IDS technology, such CCTV cameras, motion detectors, and infrared sensors, have drawbacks in terms of false alarms, sensitivity to environmental changes, and evasion vulnerability. The application of laser-based intrusion detection systems, which provide a more accurate, non-contact substitute for traditional techniques, is examined in this paper. The capacity of laser systems to provide extremely precise and dependable monitoring, especially under difficult environmental circumstances, has been researched. These systems use laser beams to build invisible detection boundaries.

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Intrusion detection, Laser guard, Security etc.

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American Sign Language (ASL) recognition has achieved significant attention due to its potential to bridge the communication gap between the hearing and deaf communities. Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have revolutionized ASL recognition systems, enabling more accurate and efficient interpretation of hand gestures, facial expressions, and body movements. This study explores state-of-the-art approaches to ASL recognition using ML and DL techniques, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and transformer-based architectures. The paper discusses key challenges such as variability in signing styles, complex gestures, and dynamic movement, while addressing solutions such as data augmentation, transfer learning, and multi-modal integration of vision and sensor-based data. Furthermore, the incorporation of attention mechanisms and real-time processing capabilities is examined to improve system adaptability and usability. Experimental results demonstrate that these methodologies achieve high recognition accuracy, with potential applications in real-time translation devices and educational tools. This research underscores the transformative role of ML and DL in enhancing accessibility and inclusivity for the deaf and hard-of-hearing community.

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Sign Language Recognition,Manifold learning, Machine learning, Deep learning, CNN, Dimension reduction

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This research paper investigates the implications of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act in Gwalior District in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Implemented on July 1, 2017, GST was designed to unify the indirect tax system in India. However, the pandemic disrupted economic activities significantly, challenging businesses and altering consumer behavior. This study employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative interviews with local business owners and quantitative analysis of GST revenue data, to assess GST's effectiveness in facilitating economic recovery. The findings indicate a need for reforms in the GST framework to support sustainable growth in the post-pandemic economy.

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Keywords : Goods and Services Tax, GST, COVID-19, Gwalior, Economic Recovery, Fiscal Policy

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WOMEN'S LEADERSHIP ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Women's leadership on college campuses in India is gradually gaining momentum, yet it continues to face several challenges that hinder its full potential. This article explores the various issues and barriers female students encounter when aspiring to leadership roles in academic settings. Despite growing opportunities, gender bias, societal expectations, and cultural stereotypes still significantly impact women's participation in student governance, clubs, and organizations. The pressure to balance academic responsibilities with leadership duties, often compounded by family expectations, can also limit their ability to fully engage in leadership activities. Additionally, the lack of mentorship programs specifically aimed at nurturing female leadership on campuses further exacerbates the problem, leaving many women leaders without adequate support or guidance. However, this article also highlights the progress made through student-led initiatives and institutional efforts to empower female leadership. By fostering a culture of inclusivity and offering platforms for women to lead, Indian campuses are seeing a shift, though more needs to be done to sustain and scale these efforts. Addressing these challenges requires the creation of gender-sensitive leadership opportunities, more robust mentorship networks, and greater awareness about the value of women's participation in decision-making processes on campus. Empowering women in leadership roles during their college years is critical for shaping the next generation of leaders across all sectors in India. Keywords: Women's leadership, gender bias, college campuses, mentorship, student governance, societal expectations, inclusivity, empowerment, female students, India.

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Keywords: Women's leadership, gender bias, college campuses, mentorship, student governance, societal expectations, inclusivity, empowerment, female students, India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Employee Tracking System Using Android Application is an innovative solution aimed at enhancing employee management and improving organizational productivity by leveraging mobile technology. Utilizing GPS technology, the system provides accurate and reliable location data, ensuring that employees are where employee are expected to be during work hours. This feature is particularly valuable for companies with staff or is frequently in the field, ensuring transparency and accountability in their daily operations. The mobile application simplifies attendance management by allowing employees to log in and out directly from their devices, eliminating the need for manual timesheets or traditional punch cards. This digital approach reduces the administrative burden on team manager and management teams while also minimizing errors in attendance records. In addition to attendance tracking, the system offers functionalities such as task assignment, which enables managers to allocate tasks and monitor progress seamlessly. The ability to assign tasks and monitor completion in real-time improves task visibility and enhances communication between managers and their teams, fostering a more structured workflow.

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Attendance tracking, location monitoring,cnns Algoritham,Check in /Check out Time.

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Corporate fraud has immense economic impacts and is also widespread. Corporate managers' undesirable actions often affect shareholders, put stakeholders at risk, and hurt the entire financial system. Corporate fraud is illegal, unethical, or deceptive acts by corporations, or an individual performed in his or her capacity as an employee of a corporation. It impairs the reputation of the organization and can harm the organization financially directly. It could make it challenging to find and maintain business partners, customers, and employees. It may lead to failure in satisfying banking covenants or expose the corporation to regulatory costs, legal fines, and sanctions, which may threaten its competitiveness. This article explores the consequences of corporate fraud at different levels by employing very basic literature review methodologies such as searching, critically appraising, and synthesizing the existing studies. It synthesizes the findings of several primary studies on the subject to build the evidence on the researched topic. A previous case analysis of a fraudulent case was used to develop the themes of discussion to examine some of the common and most threatening impacts of corporate fraud. This issue is critical for managers of financial institutions, accountants, auditors, and everyone else involved in fraud prevention and detection.

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Corporate Fraud, Corporate Governance, Corporate Misbehavior, Fraud Implications, Review Study

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A significant section of the world's population suffers from pain, which remains the primary cause of disability despite much scientific research. The distress that comes with managing this symptom, which can manifest in different degrees, may be lessened by an integrated approach to pain management. The only comprehensive literature that discusses the challenges of real surgery and midwifery is the Sushruta Samhita. Sushruta had a great deal of surgical talent. Sangyaharana was used by Sushruta to perform painless surgery. Sushruta has mentioned a few dravyas, including Madya (wine), while in Bhojaprabandha, Mohachurna has been discussed. Charaka asserts that the patient should receive the Tikshna Sura prior to surgery. Ayurvedic drugs such as Vacha, Ashwagandha, Bramhi, Parijata, and Parasika Yavani have also been used postoperatively to help patients with pain, oedema, and anxiety, according to certain study specialists. However, a strong herbal anaesthetic is still required. An overview of the Sangyaharana (anaesthesia) used by ancient surgeons is given in this review. This page discusses Ayurvedic pain management and Sangyaharana, or anaesthesia. This article's primary goal was to compile information from many texts and publications and present it in an organized manner. All of the medications and Ayurvedic herbal remedies for Sangyaharana and pain relief are discussed in this review article. It also highlights the urgent necessity for scientists and researchers to develop an Ayurvedic anaesthetic medication with Sangyaharan qualities in the modern era. The article ends by discussing how Sangyaharna was administered in the past, as well as historical writings regarding Sangyaharna, medications used to treat pain before Sangyaharna, and their use in the present day.

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Anaesthesia, pain management, Madya, surgery, Sangyaharana, Shalya

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