Volume 11 | Issue 12

 Abstract

Not much is known about Ambedkar's economic policies and programmes. The available literature on his economic writings and activities covers a wide range of issues such as working of the capitalist system, planning, economic framework for developing nations, economic equality, industrial development, agricultural growth, economics of Hindu social order and its features, etc. His writings, presentations, lectures, discussions and discourses spread over a long period from 1918 to 1956.

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Ambedkar's Economic Policies, Practices & Perspectives

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Due to the high cost of petroleum products and the environmental effects of synthetic plastics, it has to be replaced by biopolymers because they are potentially strong and have a degrading capacity in nature. The alternative for plastic could be polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polyhydroxybutrate (PHBs) and polylactic acid (PLAs). They are abundant in starch and sugar industrial agro waste which helps to produce biopolymers at low cost which are then successfully converted into PHAs, PHBs, and PLAs. This conversion is mediated by the microbial isolates or genetically modified microbes by converting microbial biomass into biopolymers and optimizing the conditions for the fermentation of sugar obtained from the agro-industries. Easily available starch and sugar industrial agro wastes contain nutritional value. So, it is being used as the substrate for microbial growth. Nowadays the research aspects were critically increased on microbial biopolymer and its production. In this paper, the different aspects of biopolymer production and the challenges involved in overcoming the problems are being reviewed.

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Biopolymers, Types of bioplastics, PHAs, PHBs, PLAs, Synthetic plastic

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The process of choosing the best composite material for a given application is based on the application's needs and desired characteristics. To guarantee optimum performance and functionality, factors including hardness, weight, toughness, cost, and adaptability with the target environment must be taken into care. Choosing the best "composite material" for a given application requires thorough consideration and evaluation of available options. Mechanical features, ambient circumstances, cost, manufacturing viability, and desired performance attributes are all taken into account during this procedure. Engineers can identify a composite material that satisfies particular specifications and achieves the ideal mix of attributes and performance by examining these aspects. Arguably, the most demanding phases in the planning and creation of any structural part is selecting the right kind of materials. The factors of the composites such as "Interlinear shear strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and Micro-hardness", are taken into consideration all over the process of choosing them. A decision-making methodology called "MOORA" evaluates and prioritizes options considering a number of factors. It creates an overall performance index, turns the criteria into ratios, and establishes the weights for each criterion. "MOORA", which is utilized extensively in business, engineering, and research on the environment, offers a methodical way to choose the optimal option by taking into consideration of relative relevance as well as performance levels. Alternate Parameters are "PSF1, PSF2, PSF3, PSF4, VSF1, VSF2, VSF3, and VSF4". Evaluation Parameters used are Micro-Hardness, Tensile strength, Flexural Strength, Interlaminar shear strength, and Impact strength. For the composite material selection, "VSF3" is in the 1st rank, "PSF3" in the 2nd rank, "VSF4" in the 3rd Rank, "VSF2" in the 4rth rank, "PSF2" in the 5fth rank, "PSF4" in the 6th rank, "VSF1" in the 7th rank, and "PSF1" in the 8th rank. the 3rd Rank, "VSF2" in the 4rth rank, "PSF2" in the 5fth rank, "PSF4" in the 6th rank, "VSF1" in the 7th rank, and "PSF1" in the 8th rank.

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MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis), Composite material, "VSF3", "Impact strength", "tensile strength".

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Abstract In present Investigation the bio-control activity of plant extracts against Colletotrichum coccides was studied. The 13 plant species were evaluated in present investigation. The leaf extract of eleven plant species and bulb of two plant species were evaluated . Out of these all the plant species the in-vitro bio control activity of Jatropha curcas were recorded maximum followed by Jasminum nervosum> Cynodon dactylon > Lantana camera > Euphorbia hirta > Euphorbia hirta > Parthenium hysterophrus> Ocimum sanctum L.> Bael(Aegle marmelos)> Murraya koenigii > Z.Officinales(Ginger)> Allium sativum > Azadiracta indica > Datura stramonium at 100% concentration. whereas at 50 % concentration maximum bio-control activity against Colletotrichum coccides, was recorded in an order Jatropha curcas followed by Jasminum nervosum> Cynodon dactylon > Euphorbia hirta > Parthenium hysterophrus > Lantana camera > Ocimum sanctum L.> Datura stramonium> Bael(Aegle marmelos)> Murrayakoenigii > Allium sativum > Z.Officinales(Ginger) (Allium sativumL.)

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Key words: Plant extracts, tomato, Bio-control,

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The intersection of mental health and educational equity for college students is crucial, as disparities in access to resources and support can impact students' well-being and academic success.College students from marginalised communities are at a higher risk of mental health issues due to various systemic factors, such as discrimination, poverty, and lack of access to resources. These students are often not adequately supported, and their mental health needs are not given priority, despite the impact this could have on their academic performance. Furthermore, the lack of mental health resources available to all students regardless of their background can create a sense of educational inequality. For example, students who do not have access to counselling or other resources may struggle to stay on top of their academic work, leading to an unbalanced educational experience. This could ultimately lead to the loss of opportunities that would enable these students to succeed beyond the classroom. Strategies should be put in place to ensure that all students have access to the resources necessary to maintain their mental health and succeed academically. This includes providing culturally responsive mental health resources available to students from various backgrounds and creating a supportive campus culture to minimise the stigma surrounding mental health.

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: Mental health, Intersection, Education.

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This study explores the linkage between leverage and profitability in the context of Indian cement companies. The research objectives include analysing the financial performance of selected cement companies and examining the impact of leverage on their profitability. The study focuses on three leading cement companies: J. K. Cement Ltd, Shree Cements Ltd, and UltraTech Cement Ltd. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship, the study analyses a five-year period from 2017-18 to 2021-22. By considering a substantial timeframe, the research aims to capture both short-term fluctuations and long-term trends, offering valuable insights into the dynamics between leverage and profitability in the Indian cement industry. Through a rigorous analysis of financial data, the study aims to provide insights into the financial performance of the selected cement companies and assess the influence of leverage on their profitability. The findings of this study have implications for cement industry stakeholders, including company management, investors, and policymakers, in making informed decisions regarding leverage strategies and optimizing profitability. By shedding light on the linkage between leverage and profitability, this study aims to contribute to the existing literature on corporate finance and provide a foundation for further research and practical implications in the cement industry.

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Leverage, Profitability, Cement, ROA, ROE

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India has a vibrant economy with innovation, ambition, and tenacity and these factors are linked, creating a riveting enterprise story unmatched in scope and impact. The growth of startups and a culture of creation have transformed India's entrepreneurial environment in the 21st century. Technology, legislation, and the global economy's dynamic character support the shift. India, known for its varied culture, rich history, and large population, is becoming a worldwide hub for startups and entrepreneurship (Korreck, 2019). The nation's entrepreneurial impetus has been driven by its growing middle class, pervasive digital revolution, and a government that has consistently supported innovation and firm development.

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Start Ups

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Smart surveillance has got tremendous traction in recent years. An important component in smart surveillance is physical violence detection. All existing violence detection models have a preprocessing step where required frames are extracted from a video. The existing interval sampling method is simple and the frames it picks sometimes lose the action in the video. In this literature we have introduced a novel key framing method based on encoding and clustering as a pre- processing step for frame extraction. In the violence detection model, we have used ResNet50 as image encode. Our model is trained on Mix dataset. A dataset formed by combining Hockey fights, Movies and Violent flows dataset. Our model is compared with start-of-the-art models on a test dataset. The test dataset is formed by collecting 20 videos from YouTube and annotating manually. Our key framed model performs better than the state-of-the-art models even with 360 frames less for a 1 minute video clip

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Violence detection, Keyframe extraction, Spatial- temporal CNN

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Morphological characters provide taxonomic evidence. Present investigation aimed at comparing morphological features of Tephrosia candida (Roxb.) DC and Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f. which are rare species of family Fabaceae. The former plant has been used for its insecticidal properties while the latter plant has noted medicinal value, pods and leaves are diuretic, expectorant, sedative, used for parasitic skin diseases, cough etc. Present study deals with comparative morphology to add taxonomic value.

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Tephrosia, morphology, Fabaceae.

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The imminent depletion of conventional energy sources has motivated the advancement of renewable energy technologies. Third-generation photovoltaic technologies, such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic solar cells (OSCs), and perovskite solar cells (PSCs), are being developed as alternatives to silicon solar cells. These technologies have not yet reached the maturity required for large-scale commercialization. More research is required in order to improve the efficiency of these solar cells, while keeping their production costs to a minimum. In this study, a comparative assessment of Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), Organic solar cells (OSCs), and Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), is conducted. The comparative advantages and limitations of each of these photovoltaic technologies are assessed in terms of device efficiency, durability, fabrication, and performance and find the which solar cell is best among these three.

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PV technologies; Comparative study; Dye-sensitized solar cells; Organic solar cells; Perovskite solar cells; Solar cell efficiency.

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BACKGROUND: Muscle flexibility is a crucial component of proper human function. Limited flexibility has been found to increase the risk of musculoskeletal overuse injuries and have a major impact on a person's level of function. OBJECTIVE: This study was to compare the effect of cupping and instrumental assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM)on hamstring flexibility. METHOD: 50subjects having hamstring tightness were divided into two groups with 25 subjects in each group. The outcome measure used was sit and reach test and 90-90 SLR test. Subjects of group A were given with cupping therapy, while the subjects of group B were given with instrumental assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM).therapy .The technique was performed two sessions a week for three weeks. RESULT: The results demonstrated that Both hamstring stretching exercises increased the knee extension angle during the AKE test. Both the groups showed significant improvement after 3 weeks in the hamstring flexibility. However, according to, no significant difference between both the groups were found (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: instrument assisted soft tissue mobilisation (IASTM) has similar effect as cupping on hamstring flexibility after 3 weeks of treatment.

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Hamstring stretching; Hamstring tightness; cupping, instrument assisted soft tissue mobilisation (IASTM).

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The increasing growth of Artificial Intelligence by technology has its incredible contribution in the life of humans. It has direct impact on education, life style, and even in the inherent rights of humans; Human Rights. A number of questions in regards to the operation, influence as well as impact of artificial intelligence on human rights are being raised especially, in democratic countries. Artificial intelligent system has been designed to provide an alternate to human work in efficient, faster and better way. There is no doubt that with the operation of artificial intelligence, the monitoring of the human rights abuses has become easier. Although this unprecedent growth has its definite advantages, it equally risks interfering with rights to be free, right to personal liberty, right to privacy, right to a fair trial and so on. Because human rights are interdependent and interrelated, Artificial Intelligence affects nearly every internationally recognized human right. we examine many of the human rights impacted by Artificial intelligence. This paper concerns especially, the rights those are embodied in the three documents that form the base of international human rights law, the so-called "International Bill of Human Rights." This includes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Along with this, right to date protection that has been declared as a human right by EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. This work presents an overview of the ethical issues in applied artificial intelligence research for human rights principles- privacy, accountability, safety and security, transparency and explainability fairness and non-discrimination, professional responsibility and promotion of human value.

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Artificial Intelligency, privacy, discrimination, personal liberty, fair trial

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Strobilanthes Kunthiana (also known as NeelaKurinji) grows on the Western Ghats' hill slopes at elevations ranging from 6000 to 7000 feet. It's a vivid blue bloom in the shape of a bell. The flower is special since it only blooms once every twelve years. S. Kunthiana flowers are members of the Acanthaceae family. Gaining additional knowledge about the pharmacognostic nature, pharmacological activity, and different identification tests associated with the plant Neela Kurniji is the primary goal of this review.

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Strobilanthes kunthiana, Acanthaceae, Pharmacognostic, Pharmacological

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: AIM:- AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of structured teaching programme and video assisted teaching programme in terms of knowledge in experimental group and control group regarding prevention and management of Postpartum hemorrhage among nursing students of Shimla Nursing college, Shurala, Shimla. METHODOLOGY: Quantitative research approach with pre-test and post-test Non - equivalent control group design was used. SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: This study includes 50 samples i.e. 25 for experimental group and 25 for control group of nursing students and Non - randomized sampling technique by lottery method was used. RESULT: The pre-test knowledge score in Experimental group, 18(72%) had average knowledge, 4(16%) had below average knowledge and 3(12%) had good knowledge regarding prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage.In control group, 22(88%) had average knowledge, 3(12%) had below average knowledge and 0(0%) had good knowledge regarding prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage. With regard to comparison, mean post-test knowledge score of experimental group 23.88 was higher than mean post-test knowledge score of control group 19.48. As evident from paired t- value of experimental group (9.552) and control group (7.239) which was significant at 0.001 level of significance, it showed that structured teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge of nursing students regarding prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage as compared to video assisted teaching programme. With regards of the association pre-test knowledge score of experimental group nursing students regarding prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage was associated with their enrolled courses (?2 = 9.488), mother's educational status (?2 =15.507), monthly income (?2 =12.592). The calculated chi-square values were less than t value at the 0.05 level of significance and there was no significance association found between experimental group pre-test knowledge score among nursing students regarding prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage with other selected demographic variables like age, religion, residential area, type of family, father educational status, any previous knowledge, if yes source of information. Whereas post-test knowledge score of experimental group nursing students regarding prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage was significantly associated with father educational status (?2 =15.507), mother educational status (?2=15.507), monthly income (?2=12.592), any previous knowledge (?2 =5.991).The calculated chi-square values were less than t value at the 0.05 level of significance. And there was no significance association found between experimental group post-test knowledge score among nursing students regarding prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage with selected demographic variables like age, enrolled in, religion, residential area, type of family, if yes source of information. Also In control Group Pre-test knowledge of significantly associated with their age (?2 = 7.815), father educational status (?2 =7.815). The calculated chi-square values were less than t value at the 0.05 level of significance. And there was no significance association found between control group pre-test knowledge score among nursing students regarding prevention andmanagement of postpartum hemorrhage with selected demographic variables like enrolled in, religion, residential area, type of family, mother educational status, monthly income, any previous knowledge, if yes source of information. There was no significance association found between control group post-test knowledge score among nursing students regarding prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage with selected demographic variables like age, enrolled in, religion, residential area, type of family, father educational status, mother educational status, monthly income, any previous knowledge, if yes source of information. The chi-square values were less than the table values were less than table value at the 0.05 level of significance. CONCLUSION: From the findings of the study following conclusions were drawn that the majority of nursing students exhibited adequate knowledge scores in the post - test in experimental group. This showed that structured teaching programme was effective to increase the knowledge regarding prevention and management of Postpartum hemorrhage as compared to video assisted teaching programme. KEY WORDS: Compare, effectiveness, structured teaching programme {STP}, video assisted teaching programme (VATP), prevention and management of PPH, nursing students, knowledge

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Compare, effectiveness, structured teaching programme {STP}, video assisted teaching programme (VATP), prevention and management of PPH, nursing students, knowledge.

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Kierkegaard's writings are often criticized for being so intensely individualistic that social theory finds little application for them. In this essay, however, I contend that Kierkegaard's concept of "the single individual" really provides crucially significant resources for a number of modern identity politics issues. By carefully examining the two notes that make up the brief essay "The Individual," I propose that, contrary to popular belief, Kierkegaard does not reject embodied historical existence; rather, he merely rejects the notion that moral dignity can be reduced to or determined by such embodied differentiation. Rather, Kierkegaard's writings reject the quantifiable assessment of "the crowd" in favor of the qualitative neighborly love of community. I argue that we can develop a Kierkegaarddian identity theory consistent with some aspects of Patricia Hill Collins's and Kimberle Crenshaw's standpoint and intersectionality theory, given Kierkegaard's claim that true human equality is only possible in the specifically religious category of the single individual. While Kierkegaard operates at a theological level and Collins and Crenshaw operate at a structural level, they all provide crucial reminders to one another regarding the stakes of meaningful lives in light of the embodied job of social justice.

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Kierkegaard, community, politics, social theory, identity theory

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This research paper presents the development and evaluation of a novel tool for detecting phishing attempts using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques. The core objective is to enhance cybersecurity measures by accurately identifying phishing content. The paper details the utilization of a comprehensive technology stack, including Python, Flask for backend development, JavaScript, and React for frontend design, to create an interactive and user-friendly phishing detection tool. The machine learning models employed in this project include Logistic Regression, Decision Tree Classifier, KNeighbors Classifier, and MLP Classifier, each meticulously trained and evaluated using datasets sourced from Kaggle. This paper offers an in-depth analysis of the performance of these models, assessed through metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the implemented models in phishing detection, providing valuable insights into the application of NLP in the cybersecurity domain. This work represents a significant step forward in the ongoing efforts to combat cybersecurity threats, particularly in the area of phishing detection, through innovative AI and NLP techniques.

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Phishing Detection; Natural Language Processing (NLP); Machine Learning (ML); Cybersecurity (CS); Artificial Intelligence (AI); KNeighbors Classifier; React (JavaScript); Model Evaluation

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The aim of any FMCG company is to make the daily life of consumers simple and worth living. With multiple products that the FMCG companies produce, each of them has a different value proposition, but they all are an alternative to one another since they carry the same objective. Hence, consumers have multiple options to choose from and there exist the easiness to switch to another brand. Thus, it becomes the job of the Marketing Manager to drive consumers' attention to their brand's product. Brand switching can be termed as the attitude of the consumers when they decide to purchase a similar product from another brand. With this switch, their brand loyalty towards a brand they have been buying for so long, terminates. Marketing Managers usually classify their consumers into loyalists, neutral and switchers on the basis of their brand affiliation towards the Marketing Manager's brand. For any Marketing Manager, their objective is to have maximum brand loyalists and their day-to-day task is to convert the switchers to stick to their brand. For an FMCG Marketing Manager, there exists a major challenge. FMCG products are usually viewed as low-risk investment since they are used for a shorter duration as compared to other products such as consumer durables

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FMCG, Daily life, Consumer Durables, Easiness, Brand Loyalty, Low-Risk Investment

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Religious chanting is a form of devotional or meditative vocalization that plays a significant role in many religious and spiritual traditions around the world. Chanting typically involves the repetitive recitation of sacred words, phrases, prayers, or hymns. It serves various purposes, including worship, meditation, and the expression of faith. Chanting is often used to focus the mind and deepen one's spiritual connection. It can be a form of prayer, a means of seeking divine blessings, a method of expressing devotion, or a way to facilitate meditation and inner peace. Repetition is a fundamental element of chanting. The same words or phrases are repeated multiple times, which can help create a rhythmic and meditative state. Chants often draw from sacred texts or scriptures specific to a particular religious tradition. For example, in Christianity, the Lord's Prayer or the Hail Mary may be chanted. In Hinduism, the repetition of mantras from the Vedas or other scriptures is common.

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Religious Chanting, mantras, spirituality

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Globally, mental health disorders are now considered chronic illnesses among students. Academics find themselves perplexed by the paradoxical situation of students whose mental health is constantly declining while their physical health is at its peak. The present study tries to assess undergraduate and graduate student's mental health. How much students have been affected by depression. The present study also determines the potential causes of undergraduate and graduate students feeling sad, lonely, unhappy or depressed. The study also emphasizes the importance of social support groups for maintaining mental health in general and preventing or lessening the onset of depression in particular.

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depression, mental health, coping mechanism.

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Indian Cinema has a rich heritage it has been as diverse as the country itself. Adaptation of Shakespeare plays to Indian cinema is as old as cinema itself. Vishal Baradwaj has adapted and crafted his cinematic skills such a way that he has made Shakespeare as Indian, by situating his plays to Indian milieu. This article will explore his uniqueness in adapting the Shakespeare to Indian socio-political and cultural setting.

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Shakespeare, Vishal Bharadwaj, Indian Cinema, Auter

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