Volume 12 | Issue 12

 Abstract

gender equality and promoting inclusive governance in India. Karnataka, a progressive state in southern India, has made significant strides in enhancing women's political participation in local governance, particularly in rural areas, through the reservation of one-third of seats for women in PRIs. This paper analyzes the status and progress of women's representation in Grama Panchayat, Taluk Panchayat, and Zilla Panchayat in Karnataka from 2000 to 2020. The study employs a quantitative methodology, analyzing secondary data to assess trends in women's political representation. The findings reveal a steady increase in the percentage of women in all three levels of Panchayats, with women's representation reaching over 50% in Grama Panchayats by 2015-2016 and continuing into 2020. Key factors contributing to this success include strong political will, capacity-building initiatives, supportive legal frameworks, and the active involvement of civil society. The increased representation of women has led to more inclusive governance, with women addressing issues such as health, education, sanitation, and women's rights.

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Women's Representation, Panchayat Raj Institutions, Gender Equality and Political Empowerment

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The Beary language, a unique Indo-Aryan linguistic blend spoken by the Beary Muslim community in the southwestern region of India, faces challenges of preservation and accessibility in the digital era. Despite its rich cultural and historical significance, the language has limited digital representation and tools for translation. This project, Beary Language Translator, aims to bridge this gap by developing a system that facilitates the translation of Beary into widely spoken languages such as English and Kannada, and vice versa.

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Translation Tool, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Linguistic Preservation, Machine Learning, Underrepresented Languages, Digital Accessibility, Language Digitization, Cross-Language Communication, Cultural Heritage.

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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between Temporomandibular Joint pain, sounds, and degenerative bony changes on CBCT. Method: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. The study involved patients who reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with complain of pain or hearing joint sounds in their TMJ. Pain intensity was evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS). A graduated meter rule ranges from 0 (no perceivable pain) to 10 (highest pain). Sounds during opening, closing, or lateral jaw movements were recorded by interview and auscultation. TMJ with degenerative bony changes were evaluated by using CBCT imaging modality. Condylar bony alterations were assessed on the CBCT, their appearances were categorized and correlated with pain, and joint sounds. Results: The most frequent bony change was "erosion" (19 joints, 63.33%) followed by "flattening" (5 joints, 16.67%), "osteophyte" (4joints 13.33%), and "sclerosis" (2 joints 6.67%). The combination of erosion and flattening ("erosion + flattening") was the most common bony change (12.7%). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, the prevalence of bony changes of TMJ were erosion, flattening, osteophyte, and subchondral sclerosis respectively.

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Temporomandibular joints(TMJ), Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), Degenerative bony change.

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The present study was aimed at setting up a standard profile of Vishaghna Yonivarti which was prepared using Pharmacognostically authenticated raw drugs followed by subjecting it to detailed Pharmacognostical and Physicochemical analysis as per standard protocol. The observations were systematically recorded. Pharmacognostical findings (crystals, epicarp cells, trichom, etc.) confirm the ingredients present in the finished product. Vishaghna Yonivarti made from Vishaghna Mahakashaya Drvayas is selected for the study in Swetapradara. The ingredients of Vishaghna Mahakashaya Dravyas are Haridra, Manjishtha, Suvaha, Sukshma ela, Krishna Sariva, Chandan, Katak, Shirisha, Sindhuvara and Shleshmataka. This paper seeks to present a review on Pharmacognostical and Physiochemical evaluation of Vishaghna Yonivarti ingredients.

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Vishaghna Yonivarti, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Swetapradara

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Abstract Software engineering, a relatively new discipline in the traditional engineering domain, has evolved by adopting processes from established engineering fields. However, the dynamic nature of business demands and the increasing complexity of software applications have driven software engineers to continually refine development processes to address emerging challenges. Agile project management has emerged as a groundbreaking methodology in the IT industry, enabling the rapid delivery of high-quality software products far outpacing previous methods. The core principle across various agile frameworks is the ability to adapt to change, achieved through robust quality practices, skilled practitioners, and a collaborative work environment that emphasizes customer involvement more than ever before. The IT industry has widely embraced agile, recognizing its significant success and making it a buzzword for over a decade. This paper presents a comparative study of agile project management in both IT and non-IT industries, exploring how agile's adaptability could benefit non-IT sectors in managing deliverable quality and maintaining high delivery speed. The paper also delves into the challenges non-IT industries face in adopting agile, analyzing why certain success factors that enabled agile's success in IT may not be directly applicable to non-IT sectors.

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Keywords Agile Project Management, Emerging Technologies, IT Industry, Agile Methodology, Agile Transformation, Agile Practices, Technology Adaptation, Software Development, Agile Processes, IT Project Management, Agile Tools, Innovation in Agile, Continuous Improvement, Agile Frameworks, IT Trends, Agile Development, Digital Transformation, Technology Integration, Agile Best Practices, IT Project Success.

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This paper introduces an AI-powered study planner that streamlines academic preparation by creating personalized study schedules from syllabus PDFs uploaded by users. The system employs advanced machine learning algorithms to parse and analyse syllabus content, extracting relevant details such as subjects, topics, deadlines, and estimated study times. The AI then generates an optimized study plan tailored to the user's specific needs, preferences, and available time. The frontend of the application is built using React, providing a dynamic and user-friendly interface that allows easy input of syllabus PDFs and interaction with the study plan. On the backend, Spring Boot ensures secure, scalable, and efficient handling of data, including user authentication, syllabus processing, and AI-based recommendation generation. The system continuously adapts to the user's learning progress, offering real-time suggestions, reminders, and progress tracking to maintain motivation and improve academic performance. This AI-based study planner aims to enhance time management, reduce stress, and promote effective learning by automating the process of creating study schedules based on individual syllabus data.

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AI, Study Planner, React, Spring Boot, Machine Learning, Personalized Schedule, Syllabus PDF, Academic Performance, Time Management, Study Optimization, Progress Tracking.

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The balancing model is among the most frequently used approaches to teaching and learning of linear equations, and this research offers a literature consideration of the systematic application of the framework. Finding out why this model is employed was the main goal of the review. After reviewing twenty peer-reviewed journal publications, we have a comprehensive summary of the presented justifications for utilizing the balancing model, its appearances, its applications, and the learning results. In order to make well-informed judgments on the successful use of balancing models for teaching linear equation solving, more systematic research is required.

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Teaching linear equations, algebra, and the balance model

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Introduction- Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine, views health as a state of balance between the body, mind, and spirit. Modern lifestyles often disrupt this balance, leading to chronic physical and mental health issues. This study explores the relevance of Ayurvedic hygiene practices in promoting holistic well-being by integrating physical and mental health. Methods- This article synthesizes classical Ayurvedic texts, including the Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, along with modern medical science references. It analyzes Ayurvedic practices related to physical and mental hygiene, such as Dinacharya (daily routines), Ritucharya (seasonal routines), meditation, Pranayama, and ethical living. Results- Ayurvedic physical hygiene practices, including oral care, bathing, and exercise, help maintain bodily health and prevent disease. Mental hygiene practices like meditation, Pranayama, and emotional detoxification foster emotional stability, reduce stress, and enhance mental clarity. Both sets of practices work synergistically to promote balance and resilience. Discussion- The integration of physical and mental hygiene in Ayurveda highlights the interconnectedness of body and mind. Daily routines (Dinacharya) and seasonal adjustments (Ritucharya) support physical health, while practices like meditation and Pranayama enhance mental well-being. This holistic approach fosters both physical and mental resilience, improving overall health and longevity. Conclusion- Ayurvedic hygiene practices provide a comprehensive framework for maintaining health by addressing both physical and mental aspects. In the context of modern society's stressors, these practices offer valuable tools for preventing disease, enhancing vitality, and promoting long-term well-being.

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Mental health, hygiene, Dinacharya, Sadvritta

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Plants are essential for human diets and food security but face significant threats from bacterial diseases, which impact agricultural productivity. Managing these diseases is challenging due to limited bactericidal options, pathogen variability, and rapid bacterial mutation. Traditional treatments have involved antibiotics and copper-based compounds, which, despite being initially effective, have led to environmental issues and bacterial resistance. Phage therapy, using bacteriophages that specifically target bacterial pathogens, offers a promising, eco-friendly alternative. Bacteriophages, found abundantly in nature, can selectively destroy specific bacterial strains without harming beneficial organisms, highlighting their potential for sustainable plant disease control. Phages are safe for eukaryotic cells, reinforcing their value in plant health management. Although phage therapy originated in the early 20th century, its use diminished after the discovery of broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, the rise of resistant bacterial strains has renewed interest in this approach. Recent research has advanced understanding in phage classification, structure, and host interaction mechanisms. Modern developments include the use of naturally occurring phages, engineered variants, and phage-derived enzymes, all showing effectiveness in controlling crop bacterial pathogens through diverse treatment strategies. This review emphasizes the historical context, structural details, and applications of phage therapy, illustrating its potential to replace conventional bactericides and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices.

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Keywords: Phage therapy, Bacterial diseases, Sustainable agriculture, Bacteriophages, Plant disease management, Antibiotic resistance

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Abstract: All over the world we can see the community of the transgender they receive least amount of respects and rights. Some of the prejudices are very strongly against them. They are kept away from the society and human rights are denied. They considered sex work and begging as the only choice for them as occupation. Much importance was not given for their education in their community. For this people education should be the main concern to bring the changes in them. Education must act as an agent of this community. 64% of them agreed about the positivity of an education. There are many reasons and causes leading to the illiteracy of the transgender. The government has to intervene in the transgender community development.

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Transgender, Workplace Harassment and Discrimination

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Race as a colonial power, it demands justice and penetrates the most significant aspects of global power. An epic allegory about race, E.R.Braithwaite's To Sir, With Love highlights the sufferings of novelist against racial discrimination, societal prejudice and how that becomes the blockade for his beginning of career. To become a teacher as a Black man and overcome the barriers in student-teacher relationship become very challenging for the novelist after post war London is also another crisis well depicted in his autobiographical novel, To Sir, With Love. The present paper analyzes how racism brings a dark side to the protagonist Braithwaite's career where he is forced to introduce himself as a "Black Man" in one of his interviews. As a Black man, the novelist's experience against misrepresentation of Black teachers and education in East End of London is also emphasized. This paper accentuates how race intrudes student-teacher relationship, where the students show their uninterest in learning and society too makes them feel difficult to learn.

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Education, Race, Discrimination, Societal Prejudice, Relationship, Barrier

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This study examines the financial impact of advanced irrigation management system on farmers in Mahabubnagar District, Telangana.

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Advanced Irrigation System Cost Reduction and Profit Maximization

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Abstract The real estate sector has witnessed significant transformations with the advent of technology. Online platforms and digital initiatives have revolutionized the way consumers interact with real estate services. This study explores the role of technology in enhancing consumer protection in real estate, with a focus on online platforms and digital initiatives. The research examines the benefits and challenges of technology-enabled consumer protection measures, including online dispute resolution, digital documentation, and data analytics. The study also identifies best practices and recommendations for policymakers, regulators, and industry stakeholders to harness the potential of technology in promoting consumer protection in real estate.

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Key Words: Real estate Sector, Consumer Protection, Digitalization, Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016

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Investment is done with the motive of earning a regular return, risk-free. In our country, a number of investment measures can be seen ranging from insurance policies to shares or debentures. The type of investment chosen depends upon the income level and the risk taking ability of the investor. Mutual Funds are an emerging mode of investment with great potential as its got diverging investing modes with regular return and minimized risk. But the awareness level it has with respect to the citizens of our country is really low. The vague knowledge on the same has forced many to stay away or even opt out from such mode of investment. This study has been adopted with the aim to study the awareness level mutual funds have among the investing population in India and to suggest better remedies to familiarize them among the population.

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KEYWORDS: Mutual fund, investors' perception, investors' behavior, objectives, Investment, Risk, Return, Awareness, Familiarize

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This research aimed to analyze the impact of regular work environment and hybrid work environment on mental health and well being. A work environment is the location, social dynamics, and physical conditions in which you carry out your duties. These factors may have an effect on employee health, relationships at work, teamwork, and overall well-being. There is a type of work environment such as hybrid work environment and regular work environment. A hybrid work environment combines office and remote work to give employees flexibility and assistance. Employees often have greater work-life balance and more autonomy in hybrid workplaces, which results in higher levels of engagement. Building a more productive, healthy, and stable workforce is advantageous to employers and as well as employees that work regular do so in an office or other commercial setting. Employees on-site can inspire one another, enhancing team spirit. Additionally, teammates are there to assist when they require information or assistance in finding a solution. A research question is raised that concerns the difference between mental health and well being approaches towards different working environments. Mental health is "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community."(WHO) A sample of 100 participants with equal employees of hybrid work mode and regular work mode. For data collection online form was created and the form was divided into two parts first section contains all the demographic details and other section contains the measuring tools. The measuring tools were The Ryff scale of psychological Well Being and Mithila Mental Health Status Inventory. Analysis done using Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The result showed that the first hypothesis was proved that There is significant difference between working condition and second hypothesis was also proved that Hybrid mode of working shows greater we'll being in employees than employees working with regular work.

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Work Environment, Mental Health, Well being

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The present study attempted to forecast the production of onion crop in selected districts of Karnataka. For the research study, the secondary data of 24 years dated from 19998-99 to 2021-22, on the area and production of onion for both Vijayapura and Chitradurga districts of Karnataka was collected from the official website of the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES, 2020), Department of Agriculture, Government of Karnataka. The data were analyzed through Exponential Smoothing methods for both districts, the most suitable method was selected based on minimum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Average Percentage Error (MAPE) values. The study showed that Brown's method outperformed well in both districts hence, it is used for the forecasting of onion crop production in both selected Vijayapura and Chitradurga districts of Karnataka for the next five years i.e. 2022-23 to 2026-27. Vijayapura and Chitradurga districts experience increasing production over a period of time.

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Forecasting, MAPE, RMSE, BIC, Production.

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Hydralazine hydrochloride with its rich electron donating center as Nitrogen finds wide applications in medical and well as analytical fields. It is used as a vasodialator and complexing agent for Iron in spectroscopic studies. This paper reports the synthesis of hydralazine hydrochloride from naphthalene and the potential spore germination inhibition activities of the products formed in every step. Compounds 1-Hydrophthalazine, 1-Chlorophthalazine and Hydralazine Hydrochloride showed very good activity against Fusarium oxysporum in comparision to the standard fluconazole. The same three compounds are having considerable activity against Curvularia lunata also. 1-Chlorophthalazine and Hydrolazine Hydrochloride showed very good photovoltaic activity of 0.85 and 0.425 % respectively under artificial irradiation. It showed an average of 1.3 mA of current output under direct sun illumination. Further studies incorporating few combination of dyes would further increase the current production of the DSSC's and make it environmental friendly.

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Hydralazine hydrochloride, 1-Chloro phthalazine, Apresoline, DSSC, Spore germnation inhibition

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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have garnered significant attention due to their ease of use, low production costs, and high efficiency. In this study, we present a DSSC constructed using piperine, a natural spice dye, and the amino acid cysteine. The cell demonstrated an efficiency of 0.26% and generated an average current of 1.665 mA under single sunlight illumination, showing promise for future research. Future experimental studies could explore the use of improved electrolytes and the combination of different related spices to enhance performance.

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Spices, Piperine, cysteine, DSSC, Photovoltaic studies

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The absence of a phase is a common and significant issue in both industrial and residential environments. Often, one or two phases in a three-phase supply can be lost, leading to situations where electrical appliances may function in one room but not in another. This causes major disruptions to daily operations. Power failures are frequent and can severely impact industrial production, the construction of new plants, and buildings. It is observed that around 70% of power interruptions in the distribution system are due to single-phase faults, even when the other two phases remain operational. Therefore, in any commercial or residential setting with a three-phase supply, an automatic phase selector system is essential to ensure continuous power to critical loads during phase failures. This system eliminates the need for backup power sources and operates quickly, switching phases automatically within seconds. The reliable operation of overhead transmission lines is critical to the stability and efficiency of power distribution networks. However, faults in these transmission lines can lead to system outages, equipment damage, and potential safety hazards. Traditional fault detection methods rely on manual inspections and scheduled maintenance, which are time-consuming, labor - intensive, and prone to human error. To address these challenges, this paper presents an IoT-based fault detection system for overhead transmission lines, leveraging real-time monitoring, data analytics, and automated fault identification.

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IoT, fault detection, overhead transmission lines, wireless communication

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this study aims to explore the knowledge of healthy practices carried by preadolescent females during their menstrual cycle. as it is understood that menstruation is an very important physiological event that happens in a young girls, life it is very crucial to understand their awareness and attitude towards menstrual hygiene and health. a sample of preadolescent girls typically aged from 13 to 16 years were involved in the study to assess their understanding the key menstrual hygiene practices which includes diet, sanitation, absenteeism. results indicate that most of them have sufficient understanding of menstrual hygiene

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preadolescent, menstrual health, healthy practices

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition