Volume 12 | Issue 12

 Abstract

Sacred groves are virgin forest fragments conserved by locals because of their beliefs in Deity, spirituality and culture. Kadikkavil Perumal Mridangasailam Kavu is a sacred grove in Kannur District of Kerala. It covers an area of approximately l.5 acres. The Angiosperm floristic studies of this grove documented 184 plant species in 157 genera distributed in 65 families. The area was dominanted by 10 families, of which Acanthaceae is the most dominant with 17 species and Verbenacea with 5 species the least. Of the total species recorded, 20 species are endemic, 50 species are medicinal and 12 species are edible. The presence of invasive alien species in the grove causes severe threat to native flora. Strict conservation measures need to be adopted for protection and management of the sacred grove.

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Biodiversity, Kannur, Sacred grove, Endemism, Invasive-alien species

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A safe water supply is the backbone of a healthy economy, yet is fully under prioritized globally. Less than 50 percent of the population in India has access to safely managed drinking water. Chemical contamination of water, mainly through fluoride and arsenic is present in 1.96 million dwellings. With 700 million people residing in rural India over a large and diverse topography, providing access to safe drinking water is a significant challenge. The government has tried, playing a key role in financing and implementing drinking water schemes. However about 50% urban and 90% of rural households still Depend completely on untreated surface or ground water. The health and economic burdens of poor drinking water are enormous. It is estimated that about 21% of communicable diseases in India are water related

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water resources, rural water supply, Drinking water, water quality.

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Technological advancements have transformed how educational institutions connect with prospective students, parents, and other stakeholders. This study explores a novel application of 4D technology for virtual college campus tours, combining three-dimensional visualization with the dynamic integration of time-based elements. The approach goes beyond conventional 2D or 3D tours, creating an immersive and interactive experience that showcases campus facilities, cultural events, and daily activities with enhanced realism. The system leverages state-of-the-art tools, including 3D modelling, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR), to construct a digital representation of the campus. Temporal features such as seasonal variations, day-to-night transitions, and event simulations bring the campus environment to life. The development process incorporates advanced techniques like photogrammetry and scanning for accurate modelling, paired with user-friendly navigation systems to ensure accessibility. The findings suggest that virtual campus tours powered by 4D technology can significantly improve engagement and accessibility, especially for individuals unable to visit the campus in person. This paper outlines the design methodology, discusses implementation challenges, and highlights the benefits of this approach. By integrating immersive and interactive technologies, the 4D virtual tour represents a significant step forward in modernizing campus outreach and engagement strategies. The study also identifies opportunities for further innovation in education technology and virtual experiential learning.

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 Keywords

Virtual Campus Tour, 4D Technology, Immersive Education, Interactive Virtual Tours, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Temporal Visualization, Educational Technology, Digital Twin, Campus Accessibility, Photogrammetry, User Engagement, Experiential Learning, Technology in Education, Virtual Environment Design

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Microemulsions , Nanopore , diagnosis, minion

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An efficient and least invasive way to treat discoloration in non-vital teeth is the walking bleaching technique. Its clinical use, results, and safety profile in restoring aesthetics are highlighted in this case series. Without sacrificing tooth structure or patient comfort, significant increases in tooth shade were made possible by a methodical procedure utilizing hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. The outcomes show the method's dependability, patient pleasure, and function as a conservative substitute for more invasive operations.

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Discolored teeth, hydrogen peroxide, Walking bleaching

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Traditional fitness centers often fail to accommodate the specific needs of mothers, lacking in areas such as sustainability and a supportive environment. This study examines the design of sustainable fitness centers tailored to mothers, focusing on key aspects such as improved ventilation, non-toxic materials, functional childcare facilities, and enhanced privacy. By utilizing sustainable resources and innovative design approaches, the research aims to develop spaces that support both the physical and mental health of mothers while creating a safe, family-friendly atmosphere.

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Sustainable, Ventilation, Mothers, Fitness Centre

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Abstract This research study explores the relationship between sleep quality and overall well-being among adults. Sleep is essential for both mental and physical health. While we know that sleep is important, the specific ways it affects individual well-being are still being researched. The research sample consisted of 105 adults and where selected using random sampling method. All the participant were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Proper statistical treatment was applied to obtain the result. The study found a strong relationship between sleep quality and overall well-being. These findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing sleep quality as a key factor in promoting holistic health in adults.

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Keywords: sleep quality, nutrition, well-being, adults

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Epileptic seizure is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, and effective management of the condition requires timely and accurate diagnosis. In this study, we present a web-based application designed to assist in the detection and classification of epileptic seizures using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The system analyses EEG data to evaluate the severity of seizures and enables patients to book appointments based on the identified severity level. A Random Forest classifier is employed to process the EEG signals and categorize the seizures into different levels of intensity. The system then assigns appropriate medical specialists based on the severity of the detected seizures. Through this approach, the platform aims to streamline the process of seizure diagnosis and treatment, reducing waiting times and enhancing its effectiveness of healthcare delivery. The application demonstrates promising potential in enhancing personalized care for epilepsy patients and offers a scalable solution for remote seizure monitoring and management.

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Electroencephalogram (EEG), Seizure Classification, Random Forest Algorithm, Epileptic Seizure Management, Patient-Doctor Assignment System

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This paper focusses on how Shakespeare's characters in Hamlet and Macbeth, through their profound soliloquies and monologues, offer eternal insights into the human condition while vividly dramatizing their personal conflicts. Shakespeare elucidates the notion of suffering in these plays, demonstrating that individuals inevitably face the consequences of their actions. While Hamlet and Macbeth feature distinct characters and topics, many common concepts emerge in their soliloquies. Both protagonists grapple with moral dilemmas that torment them. In Hamlet, the famous soliloquy "To be or not to be" contemplates whether it is nobler to endure life's suffering or to end one's own life. Conversely, in Macbeth, the titular character reflects on the futility of human existence in his soliloquy, "Out, out, brief candle!" Macbeth's awareness of the existential suffering tied to his quest for power and the ethical repercussions of his deeds highlights a deep moral conflict. These soliloquies serve as a means for the protagonists to wrestle with serious moral challenges and engage in existential inquiries. They raise profound questions about morality, the purpose of life, and the finality of death. Through these introspective moments, Shakespeare provides eternal insights into the human condition, enriching the narrative and alluring readers and audiences to reflect on their own experiences and the universal struggles of humanity.

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dilemma, transience, existence, repercussions, and eternal.

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Food is one of the basic human needs. The nutrients of the food that people eat and their habits determine their body and mental health. In India, one of the regional medicine viz. Tamil medicine, food is considered as panacea for all ailments. Food acts as a medicine to help, treat and recover from illness. Today, nutrition research addresses not only the prevention of nutritional-deficiency diseases but also the role of nutrients in reducing the long-term risk for diseases such as heart disease and cancer. The interrelationship among nutritional and psychological factors will tell us why we eat and what we eat, thus influencing the socio - cultural behavior in human. The stress that could develop among various age groups also depend on the above factors. We discuss these factors to bring out the effect of healthy food for an effective socio- physiological behavior.

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Food, Nutrition, Medical, Human, Socio-Cultural

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This paper is an attempt to understand the history of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, Lucknow with comprehension its vision and mission. Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, Lucknow is renowned all over the world for its great contribution in the field of education and especially in the field of Islamic studies, Arabic and Diniyat etc. While during the freedom struggle in India, the contribution of Madrasas and Ulamas also cannot be ignored and removed from history. Since the establishment of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, a large number of Ulamas have been passed out through which this madarsa is contributing to academics across the world and especially to India. As things have been constantly changing with time, therefore, the madrasa is also in need of change as per the need for time in its curriculum to meet the requirements of the current scenario and twenty-first century. Currently, English is already a part of the curriculum but modern sciences, Mathematics and other vocational subjects should also be given due space and focus for the benefit of society from a larger perspective. There are thousands of Madrasas rendering their services in India and millions are ongoing across the world and largely contributing to academia.

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Formal Education System, Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, Madarsa Education System and Case Study.

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Polymers play a significant role in the formulation of several dosage forms and they are considered as backbone of pharmaceutical dosage form development because they assist in controlling/modifying the release of drug from the dosage form. Polymers utilized for developing pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS), release the drug in a synchronized approach which benefits the patient, where the release of drug is matched with circadian rhythm and biological rhythm of disease. These pulsatile systems are designed according to circadian rhythm of disease and they release the drug rapidly after a predetermined off - release period termed as lag time. The drug should be released completely and rapidly after off release period. It can be simply described as immediately after administration of dosage form there should not be any drug release and drug should be released completely and rapidly after the lag time. They are advantageous for disease conditions exhibiting chronopharmacological behavior, examples include asthma, cardiovascular diseases, peptic ulcer, Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, attention deficit syndrome in children, hypercholesterolemia, etc. The review article centers on discussion about specific polymers of various categories utilized in the formulation of Chronotherapeutic pulsatile systems and the article also includes examples of some major research work done in the field of development of pulsatile formulations using those polymers.

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Pulsatile, Lag time, Polymers, Natural, Drug release.

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Abstract: This research article provides an in-depth conceptual and theoretical exploration of the impact of the global shift to remote work, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, on employee engagement. The study focuses on critical factors such as organizational culture, communication, team cohesion, and work-life balance. By utilizing a theoretical framework grounded in employee engagement models and work motivation theories, it investigates the complex relationship between the autonomy and flexibility remote work offers and the challenges it presents, such as social isolation, communication barriers, and a weakened sense of belonging. While remote work environments provide employees with increased freedom and flexibility, they also pose challenges to sustaining engagement due to limited physical interaction, erosion of organizational culture, and difficulties in nurturing meaningful colleague relationships. Furthermore, the study examines organizational responses to these challenges, including the adoption of virtual collaboration tools, digital communication strategies, and initiatives designed to enhance employee well-being. The role of leadership in maintaining engagement through virtual platforms is also considered. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, this paper evaluates the contrasting effects of remote work: while autonomy and flexibility boost intrinsic motivation, the absence of direct interpersonal interaction can undermine extrinsic motivators such as recognition, feedback, and teamwork. The article also emphasizes the growing importance of psychological safety and organizational support in fostering engagement in remote environments. It proposes that hybrid work models--blending remote and in-office work--may provide an optimal strategy for sustaining high engagement levels in the post-pandemic era. By synthesizing current academic literature and data-driven insights on employee behavior, motivation, and engagement, this research contributes to the theoretical understanding of how remote work affects engagement dynamics and underscores the need for organizations to implement innovative engagement strategies in response to the evolving nature of work.

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Keywords: Remote Work, Employee Engagement, Post-Pandemic, Organizational Culture, Work-Life Balance, Virtual Collaboration

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Edge computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) have not only revolutionised the manner in which data is managed and analysed, but they have also made it feasible to decrease latency while simultaneously improving energy efficiency. This is a significant development. However, there is still a significant amount of work that needs to be done in order to ensure that these systems are safe and that their data integrity is preserved. The research that is being presented here proposes a one-of-a-kind approach that has the potential to effectively address these issues within the framework of edge computing and the internet of things. Base64 encoding, trustworthy algorithms, and virtual force mapping depending on trust value are all components that are included in this implementation. This design not only enhances security and dependability by giving precedence to components that are trustworthy and safeguarding data while it is being sent, but it also makes a significant contribution to the reduction of energy consumption, which is a major benefit for all parties involved. The approach that has been described has been shown to provide a powerful solution for the processing of data in edge computing and Internet of Things systems that is reliable, efficient, and safe. This has been demonstrated via the presentation of the method. Because of this, it paves the way for future expansion and development in these sectors, which is a result of this.

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Security; Edge Computing; WSN; Encryption

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The rapid growth of the human population coupled with an increasing reliance on electrical energy has led to a significant surge in electricity demand resulting in shortages during peak hours. to work these Send challenges it is important to develop the electric base. The Applyation of Internet of elements (IoT) Tech can Improve energy consumption and distribution across various scenarios. this report mainly examines reflex charge force board facilities larceny espial force optimization and the supply of pertinent Send use information to Operators. The IoT-based smart energy meter system comprises three important Parts: a controller Wi-Fi connectivity and a theft Findion device. inch the case of larceny or amp break the larceny espial Findor identifies the effect and responds fitly. The controller is decisive for ensuring the proper Roleing of all Parts. away connection Send meters to the cyberspace done the iot frame this unit minimizes the take for man interference inch electrical energy direction. The proposed IoT-based meter reading system is Layouted to continuously Watch meter readings allowing service providers to disconnect power when consumers fail to pay their monthly bills thereby reducing human involvement and enhancing the Precision of meter readings while preventing billing errors.

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IoT (Internet Of Things), Application (Bylnk), Smart Meter, Wifi Module ESP8266

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 Abstract

The study explores fault prediction within a Microgrid by comparing a hybrid model with individual algorithms like decision trees, logistic regression, and gradient boosting. The hybrid model's design integrates the strengths of these diverse algorithms, enabling it to effectively capture both linear and non-linear data patterns. This results in more accurate and robust predictions. In terms of performance, the hybrid model achieves a higher Area under the Curve (AUC) score, which reflects its superior ability to distinguish between true positives and false positives. This performance boost is due to the hybrid model's capacity to reduce both bias and variance, thereby balancing the trade-offs between sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (true negative rate). Unlike complex models prone to over fitting, such as deep decision trees, or simpler models like logistic regression that may under fit, the hybrid approach strikes an optimal balance. When evaluating classification accuracy, the hybrid model demonstrates superior performance, achieving a 94% accuracy rate. While individual models like logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, support vector machines (SVM), and neural networks each offer varying levels of accuracy, the hybrid model outperforms them by combining their unique strengths. This ensemble approach ensures more reliable and accurate fault predictions, making the hybrid model a powerful tool for managing Microgrid operations. The findings underscore the hybrid model's ability to generalize across different datasets and distributions, further enhancing its prediction accuracy. By effectively managing the trade-offs between bias and variance, the hybrid model provides a more comprehensive understanding of complex data relationships, leading to improved fault prediction in microgrids

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This case study aimed to narrate the experiences of Indigeous cultural communities / Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs) in the seven (7) Ancestral Domain in the Province of Bataan . The researcher used Qualitative Research Approach. The researcher used in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion as the primary data collection method to harness the needed information. The data gathered were subjected to analysis and interpretation of the researcher. Through this study, the researcher sougth to address and discern the ICCs/IPs of Bataan sentiments from their life experiences. The results of the study provides a thorough profile of the ICCs/IPs in Bataan, focusing on the Ayta Ambala and Ayta Magbukon communities. These groups have a long history of occupation in the region and have faced significant challenges in securing legal recognition for their ancestral domains. The National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) plays a crucial role in the formalization of ancestral domain claims through Certificates of Ancestral Domain Titles (CADTs). However, the process is often delayed due to bureaucratic and legal obstacles. Indigenous communities face various types of disputes, including legal, administrative, cultural, social, and economic challenges. Legal issues, such as discrepancies in land titles and overlapping claims, are among the most prominent problems. These challenges are exacerbated by limited access to legal assistance and the slow pace of government intervention. Additionally, conflicts arise from the development activities by non-indigenous groups that threaten the cultural practices and livelihoods of the IPs.The study highlights ongoing efforts by the NCIP to address ancestral domain disputes through documentation, surveys, and community consultations. However, delays in processing ancestral domain claims and difficulties in coordination among government agencies remain persistent issues. There is also a noted lack of awareness among IPs about their legal rights, which further hampers their ability to protect their lands. The study results suggest the need for more robust government intervention, better coordination among agencies, and improved legal assistance for ICCs/IPs. Empowering the communities through education on their rights and improving the processing of CADTs are essential steps toward resolving these disputes. There is also an emphasis on respecting cultural practices and involving IPs in decision-making processes to safeguard their rights.

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Indigenous People, Ancestral Domain, Bataan Provinces, Dispute, Marginaized, Ayta, Profilling, Problems

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In many poor countries, small farmers face significant challenges, such as limited access to markets and resources, which hinders their contributions to global agriculture. In the Philippines, there are 3.0 million hectares of irrigable land, with about 1.9 million hectares equipped with irrigation facilities. The National Irrigation System (NIS) serves 46% of this area, covering at least 1,000 hectares per system. Another 45% is served by farmer-owned Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS), which manage smaller areas.From 1999 to 2012, the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) implemented the Balog-Balog Multipurpose Project (BBMP) Phase 1, restoring irrigation to 8,600 hectares affected by the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. NIA continued to promote Phase 2, which involved constructing the Balog-Balog Dam and new irrigation structures for an additional 21,935 hectares. The study highlighted how irrigation projects positively impacted farmers' livelihoods by providing a steady water supply and creating jobs in rural areas. However, eight key challenges affecting the sustainability and efficiency of irrigation projects were identified. The study focused on the life experiences of 30 farmers near irrigation areas in Tarlac City, revealing that most farmers are middle-aged, have limited education, and often struggle with inadequate irrigation systems, particularly during the dry season. Farmers requested urgent improvements to irrigation systems to increase agricultural productivity. One of the study's key recommendations was for the government to establish a strong subsidy program, purchasing farmers' products directly to improve their livelihoods and better control rice prices. This approach would help farmers manage production costs and enhance their overall quality of life.

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In many poor countries, small farmers face significant challenges, such as limited access to markets and resources, which hinders their contributions to global agriculture. In the Philippines, there are 3.0 million hectares of irrigable land, with about 1.9 million hectares equipped with irrigation facilities. The National Irrigation System (NIS) serves 46% of this area, covering at least 1,000 hectares per system. Another 45% is served by farmer-owned Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS), which ma

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The effects of globalization on real estate can be analyzed through two primary perspectives: the convergence of global markets and the increasing significance of global hubs. Over the past twenty years, the latter has become more pronounced, with a limited number of cities emerging as "global cities" that serve specific transnational functions. In the Philippines, the Real Estate Service Act (RESA) of 2009, or Republic Act No. 9646, plays a crucial role in regulating and professionalizing the real estate service sector. This legislation established the Professional Regulatory Board of Real Estate Service, which is responsible for overseeing the profession, including the licensing and accreditation of real estate brokers, appraisers, and consultants (Republic Act No. 9646, 2009). A study was conducted to evaluate the implementation of the Real Estate Service Act (R.A. 9646) in Tarlac City, focusing on various specific aspects. To ensure the reliability of the findings, a quantitative research design was employed, collecting data on the demographic profiles of practitioners, such as age, sex, highest educational attainment, and professional roles. The research also included key indicators related to the Real Estate Services Act in Tarlac City, which encompassed (1) the Professional Regulatory Board of Real Estate Service, (2) Licensure Examination and Registration, (3) the Practice of Real Estate Service, and (4) Penal and Final Provisions. Among the challenges faced by clients and practitioners in Tarlac City, negotiation difficulties emerged as a significant issue, resulting in unfavorable deals, reported by 51 respondents. The overall evaluation for real estate practitioners yielded a grand mean score of 3.43, indicating that the Act is -Sometimes Implemented.? This reveals a gap in the enforcement of disciplinary measures, highlighting the need for stricter compliance efforts. To address these issues, one suggested solution is the establishment of a streamlined document assistance service to tackle legal and paperwork challenges effectively.

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 Keywords

Real Estate, Marketing, Broker, Properties, RESA Guidelines, Compliance , Level of Implementation, Document processing.

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Rice husk ash (RHA), an abundant by product of rice milling, is an excellent source of silica, comprising 90-98% of its composition after complete combustion. This study explores a novel process to extract high-purity silica from RHA using an alkaline extraction method. The process also yields sodium sulfate as a by-product and resolves environmental challenges associated with RHA disposal. Experimental investigations were conducted to analyze the effects of extraction temperature, time, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration on silica yield. Statistical analysis using ANOVA determined that NaOH concentration and temperature significantly influenced silica yield, while extraction time had a minimal effect. The extracted silica exhibited desirable properties, making it suitable for diverse industrial applications.

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 Keywords

Silica , Rice Husk Ash (RHA) , Extraction , Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) , Sustainability

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