Volume 12 | Issue 12

 Abstract

This study explores the evolution, structure, significance, and challenges of Distance Education in India, with a focus on its role in expanding access to education. Distance learning has emerged as a crucial mode of education in a country characterized by vast geography, socio-economic diversity, and unequal access to traditional education systems. The research outlines the objectives, methodology, and key institutions involved in promoting Open and Distance Learning (ODL), such as IGNOU and various State Open Universities. It further examines the advantages of ODL--including flexibility, affordability, and inclusivity--while also addressing critical challenges such as digital disparity, quality assurance, and lack of interaction. The study proposes practical measures to overcome these barriers and highlights the relevance of ODL in the context of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Overall, the paper concludes that distance education is an essential tool for democratizing education and fostering lifelong learning, especially in developing countries like India.

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Education, Distance, Chhalenges, Online, Technology, Resource

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The present study investigates the effect of leadership behaviour of B.Ed. college principals on the organizational climate of B.Ed. colleges. The study considers Leadership Behaviour as the independent variable and Organizational Climate as the dependent variable, with Gender, Type of Management and Locality as background variables. A sample of 130 B.Ed. teacher educators from colleges affiliated with Bangalore Collegiate Education across Bangalore Urban and Rural Districts was selected. The data were collected using self-developed standardized tools-the Leadership Behaviour Scale and the Organizational Climate Scale for B.Ed. Colleges. The data were analyzed using independent 't' test and correlation techniques with the help of SPSS and MS Excel. The level of significance was set at 0.05 and 0.01. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between leadership behaviour and organizational climate. With respect to background variables, no significant difference was found based on gender. However, private aided colleges exhibited a more favorable organizational climate compared to private unaided colleges. Similarly, urban colleges were found to have a better organizational climate than their rural counterparts.

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Leadership Behaviour organizational Climate, B.Ed. Colleges, Teacher Educators.

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Conception of Sign

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Conception of Sign

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Folk poetic form and Guru Nanak's Bani: Popular pronunciation

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Folk poetic form and Guru Nanak's Bani: Popular pronunciation

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Curcumin, a potent bioactive compound extracted from Curcuma longa, has emerged as a promising agent in cancer therapy due to its multi-targeted approach. This article explores the role of curcumin in modulating critical signal transduction pathways associated with cancer progression and drug resistance. Key pathways, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Wnt/?-catenin, are analyzed to understand how curcumin mediates tumor suppression and sensitizes cancer cells to conventional therapies. The review also discusses curcumin's potential in overcoming resistance mechanisms, thereby enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

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Curcumin-Mediated Modulation of Signal Transduction Pathways in Cancer Therapy: Implications for Drug Resistance and Tumor Suppression

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The present study was conducted by using Non experimental Descriptive Survey Design and quantitative Research Approach with convenience sampling technique under non probability sampling was selected. A study was done by selecting 325 female college students studying at selected colleges of Ambala Haryana. For data collection demographic tool, Structured knowledge questionnaire and Attitude Scale was used. The calculated value for reliability of structured knowledge questionnaire was 0.62 with KR-20 formula and for Standard Attitude scale calculated value was 0.914 by using Cronbrach formula. A study demonstrates the relationship between female college students' attitudes and awareness about eating disorders. At the 0.05 level of significance, the computed correlation value of -0.72 was determined to be statistically insignificant, showing a mediocre negative connection between female college students' knowledge and attitude. As a result, hypothesis H2 is rejected. The findings suggest that knowledge and attitude are independent of one another.

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knowledge, attitude, eating disorders, students, colleges

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This paper explores the transcultural reinterpretation of 'Kawad' art in the contemporary works of Ghulam Mohammed Sheikh, a pioneering figure in modern Indian painting. Through an examination of his visual language, the study analyses how Sheikh draws upon the narrative depth and devotional storytelling structure of traditional Kawad shrines to construct a hybrid pictorial vocabulary that mediates between folk idioms and cosmopolitan modernism. The article investigates how the artist employs the logic of itinerant storytelling, mnemonic panels, and folded spatiality of the Kawad, transforming them into metaphors for cultural memory, identity, and transnational mobility. Drawing upon art historical references, semiotic reading, and iconographic parallels, this research underscores the ways in which Sheikh reclaims a space for vernacular imagination within the global contemporary art discourse.

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G.M. Sheikh, Kawad art, transculturalism, hybrid visual vocabulary, cultural transmission, contemporary Indian painting, vernacular traditions, narrative form

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Background: Cryotherapy is a non-pharmacological intervention used to manage post-operative pain and reduce inflammation. Appendectomy, a common surgical procedure, often results in moderate to severe post-operative pain. This study investigates the effectiveness of cryotherapy in reducing pain in post-operative appendectomy patients. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of cryotherapy in reducing post-operative pain among appendectomy patients in selected Hospitals of Raipur District, Chhattisgarh. Methodology: A pre-experimental, single-group pre-test post-test design was used. A total of 60 patients who underwent appendectomy were selected through convenient sampling. Pain levels were measured before and after cryotherapy using a standardized pain rating scale. Results: Pre-test findings revealed 50% of participants had poor pain levels, 36.7% average, and 13.3% good. Post-test showed a significant shift: only 13.3% reported poor pain levels, 41.7% average, and 45% good. A bar chart and frequency table were used to represent the findings. Cryotherapy was effective in reducing post-operative pain among appendectomy patients. It is recommended as a cost-effective and simple intervention to be incorporated into post-operative nursing care.

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Cryotherapy, Post-operative Pain, Appendectomy, Cold Application, Non-Pharmacologic Pain Management, Nursing Intervention

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The integration of technology in science education has the potential to transform classroom teaching and enhance student learning. This study explores the effectiveness of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework in improving the conceptual knowledge of secondary school students. Using a quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control and experimental groups, the study involved Class IX students who were taught scientific concepts through TPACK-based instruction, while the control group received traditional teaching. Pre-tests and post-tests were administered to assess conceptual knowledge. Statistical techniques such as paired and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that students taught through TPACK-based strategies showed significantly higher improvement in conceptual knowledge compared to those taught through traditional methods. The results highlight the importance of integrating technology, pedagogy and content knowledge in science teaching to foster deeper learning and better academic outcomes in the Indian secondary education.

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Effectiveness, TPACK, Science teaching, Conceptual Knowledge, Secondary School, Students

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Africa has been colonized in large scale by three major powers - France, Britain and Portugal. The aftermath of colonization, especially by France in Senegal of Africa has produced a famous postcolonial writer- Leopold Sedar Senghor, one of the fathers of the idea of Negritude has authorized many works like chant d'ombre, Nocturne and many books and occupies a unique place in African literature. Senghor focused his writings on expressing the assimilation strategy behind French colonization. In this context, this paper attempts to show how the idea of Negritude and Reverse Racism was used in his selected works and how he glorifies African Literature.

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Assimilation, Negritude, Reverse Racism.

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This paper explores the normalization of gang culture via social media, utilizing the theoretical frameworks of Howard Becker, Jeff Ferrell, and Jody Miller. Becker's labeling theory illustrates how social media allows gang members to reclaim and redefine their identities, turning societal stigmas into symbols of empowerment and defiance. Ferrell's cultural criminology emphasizes the aesthetic and performative aspects of gang culture, where social media platforms act as venues for the glorification of crime, violence, and hypermasculinity. Miller's gendered analysis highlights the distinct experiences of male and female gang members in online environments, noting that women encounter both greater visibility and increased risks of victimization. The research underscores that social media not only reflects gang culture but also plays an active role in shaping it, reinforcing connections in both digital and physical realms. Addressing this issue necessitates a transition from punitive approaches to rehabilitative strategies that challenge the appeal of gang life by fostering alternative narratives and opportunities for youth at risk.

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Deviance, Cultural criminology, Gender and gangs, Hypermasculinity, Digital identity construction, Performative crime, Media representation, Cyberbanging, Gang recruitment.

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The livelihoods of small tea growers in North Bengal are influenced by a complex interplay of socio-economic factors. This study focuses on three primary determinants: income, education, and market access. By examining these factors, the research aims to understand their impact on the sustainability and profitability of small-scale tea cultivation. The findings reveal that unstable income levels hinder investment in quality inputs, while limited education perpetuates traditional farming methods. Moreover, inadequate market access forces growers to rely on intermediaries, reducing their earnings. The study suggests forming cooperatives, promoting educational initiatives, and improving infrastructure to enhance the livelihoods of small tea growers in North Bengal.

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Small Tea Grower, Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development

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Goods and Services Tax (GST) is collected at the point of sale, and in the apparel industry, the tax rate varies based on price. The threshold value for this variation is INR 1000. The tax obligation also fluctuates with sales. This paper analyses the impact of GST on the retail business across three categories of retailers: unregistered, composite taxpayers, and large retailers. The study is based on exploratory research, with data collected using a structured survey from apparel retailers in Bangalore. Given the large and dispersed population, a sample size of 391 was selected for analysis. Regression analysis and binary logistic analysis were employed to examine the impact of GST on these businesses. The study categorizes retailers into three groups: unregistered businesses, composite taxpayers, and those with a turnover exceeding INR 7.5 million. Businesses with turnover below INR 1.9 million are not required to register and cannot claim input tax credit (ITC), which must be adjusted with GST at the point of sale. Composite taxpayers, with sales up to INR 7.5 million, pay a fixed tax rate of 1% of their total turnover but also cannot claim ITC. Consequently, product prices increase by the amount of tax paid at the input stage. Large retailers with turnover exceeding INR 7.5 million can claim ITC, reducing their effective tax burden. The study finds that GST increases prices, leading to incentives for tax evasion.

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Goods and Services Tax, Apparels, Retailers, Input tax credit

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At present, incidents of negligence in road traffic are being seen in Gwalior. Which is not good from the point of view of road safety of the city. Various types of negligence are shown by the drivers while driving in Gwalior's suburbs Murar, Lashkar and Gwalior.Due to which some person or the other becomes a victim of road accidents. The driver while driving the vehicle due to various circumstances like social, economic, personal etc. is called negligence.Drivers do not pay heed to speed breaks while driving, talk on mobile phone while driving, ignore traffic rules, lack concentration and consume various kinds of addictive beverages.Most of these incidents are seen on every road, including the national highway and state highway passing through Gwalior city, at intersections, crossroads and streets. Due to this, the fear of road accidents remains among the common people of the city.

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situations, personal, mobile, concentration, intelligence

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The present study investigates the relationship between physical fitness variables and the performance of male wrestlers from varied training centers in Bagalkot and Belagavi Districts of Karnataka. The study aims to determine how different fitness components viz., cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance and agility contribute to game performance. Additionally, it examines differences in performance between wrestlers practicing Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling styles. A descriptive survey method was adopted and 60 male wrestlers aged 18 to 25 years were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Standardized tests were used to measure the physical fitness variables and game performance was assessed using a coach-rated performance scale. The Karl Pearson Product-Moment Coefficient of Correlation was applied to analyze the relationship between fitness variables and game performance, while the independent 't' test was used to compare the game performance of Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance and game performance. However, agility showed a negative correlation, indicating that wrestlers who completed the agility test in less time (better agility) had higher game performance scores. The comparison between wrestling styles indicated that Freestyle wrestlers performed significantly better than Greco-Roman wrestlers in game performance. The study highlights the critical role of physical fitness in wrestling performance, emphasizing that endurance, strength and agility play a vital role in competitive success. These findings can help wrestling coaches and trainers refine training programs to enhance the overall performance of wrestlers in different styles.

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Physical Fitness, Game Performance, Wrestlers, Freestyle, Greco-Roman, Relationship

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This paper describes an SRL system custom designed for the Marathi language. It employs SVM, a powerful and well-established machine learning technique for classification tasks. The system first extracts a set of linguistic features from its training data, then trains the SVM classifier on those features. It tests the accuracy and performance of the SVM classifier in relation to the test dataset which is independent of the training dataset. Therefore, in order to increase the robustness of the system, datasets tagged manually from Marathi textbooks that have rich annotation quality have been used for testing. One of the biggest strengths in this SRL system is that its feature extraction is efficient and makes it easy for the classifier to capture linguistic patterns and relationships inside the text. The more elaborate recognition techniques make the identification of the proper semantic roles along with their correct labels possible in this system. This method has a disadvantage in that it is fixed on a set of features that might limit its adaptability to other linguistic structures or types of languages. In this implementation, the system was trained on a dataset of 38,929 tokens and tested on another set of 9,631 tokens. The findings from the evaluation suggest that the methodology is highly effective, as evidenced by the system achieving a notable average recall of 84.00%, precision of 85.00%, and an F1-score of 84.00%. Such results signify that the system exhibits strong performance in accurately categorizing the semantic roles in Marathi text, demonstrating significant potential for support vector machines in semantic role labeling tasks for Indian languages.

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Semantic Role Labeling, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Marathi, Machine Learning

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This longitudinal study explores the relationship between peer tutoring and academic performance among high school students. Peer tutoring, an educational practice where students tutor their peers, has gained attention for its potential to enhance academic outcomes and student engagement. This study investigates how participation in peer tutoring programs affects students' grades, test scores, and overall academic achievement throughout their high school years. It also identifies key factors that influence the effectiveness of peer tutoring, including session frequency, session quality, subject areas, and tutor and tutee characteristics. Data were collected from a sample of 500 high school students, evenly divided between those who participate in peer tutoring and those who do not. Analysis revealed that students involved in peer tutoring demonstrated higher average GPAs (3.45 vs. 3.10), improved test scores (85.2 vs. 78.6), and a greater likelihood of meeting or exceeding grade-level standards (75% vs. 55%) compared to non-participants. Key factors such as the frequency and quality of tutoring sessions, the subject matter, and the characteristics of both tutors and tutees significantly influenced the effectiveness of peer tutoring. Specifically, higher frequency and better quality of sessions were associated with improved academic outcomes, and experienced tutors and motivated tutees showed greater benefits. The findings suggest that peer tutoring can be a highly effective educational tool when implemented with attention to these key factors. Recommendations include optimizing the frequency and quality of tutoring sessions, focusing on high-impact subjects like mathematics, and ensuring that tutors are well-trained and tutees are engaged. This study contributes valuable insights into how peer tutoring can be leveraged to improve academic performance and offers practical suggestions for enhancing its effectiveness in high school settings.

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Peer tutoring, academic performance, high school students, longitudinal study, educational outcomes, tutoring effectiveness, student engagement.

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Nurses play a pivotal role in any health care institution and encompass the largest workforce in any health care institution; they act as direct caregiver's who serve a hospital twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. This gives nurses a unique perspective on both patient care and hospital operations. Nursing is a demanding and stressful job. Burnout is a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. Developing and fostering resilient environments and individuals within the health profession is emerging as a way to reduce negative, and increase positive outcomes of stress in health professionals. Resilience in nursing generally accepted as a positive adjustment when confronted with adversity. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the level of burnout, level of resilience and to find out the co-relation between level of burnout and resilience among staff nurses working in a selected hospital, New Delhi. Methods: A descriptive research design was used. 180 staff nurses were selected by stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected using the Mashlach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Result: The study revealed majority of the samples that is 46.7% had moderate degree of burnout, while 33.3% had high degree burnout and 20% had low degree burnout. Total mean score for burnout is 69.7. The study also reveals majority of the samples 61.7% had higher resilience, while 35.6% average resilience and 2.7% had lower resilience. Mean score for resilience is 69.9. There was significant positive correlation between the level of Burnout score and Resilience score as evident from the "r" value of 0.28. The study concluded that there is a need of necessary action to be taken to reduce burnout among staff nurses to improve the quality care provided by them and also to have a conducive working environment for the staff nurses.

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Burnout, Resilience, Staff Nurse

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This is a theoretical paper based on the secondary data and information, basically explaining the conditions, issues and discussion of road transport development in India based on 2017 data. This paper aims to analyze the road transport indicators such as others road & road density (100 Sq km area), Road density per lakh population and Road development Index. Also various factors have been explained which affect the process of road transport development. After that Kendall Ranking Method is adopted to find out the level of development. The intent of this article is to explain the common problems and the challenges faced by the government for development of roads.

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Roads, Density, Population, Development, Index.

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 Abstract

Sangeet Jivi Jatiyo Ka Jodhpur Riyasat Ke Lok Sangeet Ke Sarkashan Me Yogdhan

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Sangeet Jivi Jatiyo Ka Jodhpur Riyasat Ke Lok Sangeet Ke Sarkashan Me Yogdhan

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