Volume 13 | Issue 12

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Radiation shielding parameters,Vanadium ions

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In order to create safe and effective therapeutic agents, the quickly developing field of drug design combines chemistry, biology, pharmacology, and computer sciences. The majority of traditional drug discovery methods were empirical and relied on the trial-and-error screening of chemical compounds, which was costly, time-consuming, and linked to high clinical trial failure rates. This approach has been revolutionised by the development of rational drug design, which makes it possible to systematically identify and optimise therapeutic candidates based on molecular-level knowledge of biological targets. The two most important methods for finding molecules with improved selectivity and reduced toxicity are structure-based drug design (SBDD) and ligand-based drug design (LBDD). The creation of targeted and customised treatments has been made possible by the continued improvement in precision brought about by the combination of genomes, proteomics, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology. De novo molecular design, quantum chemistry, and machine learning algorithms are examples of recent developments that have greatly shortened development times and increased success rates. The evolution of drug discovery, basic concepts of rational drug design, and the function of chemistry, contemporary computational tools, lead identification techniques, recent developments, applications, difficulties, and hopes for the future are all highlighted in this overview. All things considered, innovative drug design techniques signify a paradigm change towards patient-centered, effective, and data-driven pharmaceutical development

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drug design, rational drug discovery, Computer-aided drug design, Structure-based drug design, Ligand-based drug design, Molecular docking, QSAR, Artificial intelligence, Medicinal chemistry, Lead optimization

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The banking sector plays a crucial role in the economic development of a country by mobilizing savings, facilitating investments, and supporting financial stability. Among private sector banks in India, HDFC Bank has emerged as one of the leading performers in terms of financial strength, operational efficiency, and profitability. The present study aims to analyse the financial performance and profitability position of HDFC Bank using key financial ratios. The study is based on secondary data collected from the annual reports of HDFC Bank for a period of five years from 2019-20 to 2023-24. Various liquidity, profitability, solvency, and efficiency ratios have been applied as analytical tools to evaluate the bank's financial health. The findings reveal that HDFC Bank has maintained consistent profitability, strong capital structure, and efficient utilization of assets during the study period. The study provides useful insights for investors, academicians, and policy makers regarding the financial soundness of HDFC Bank.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Financial Performance, Profitability Analysis, Ratio Analysis, Private Sector Banks, HDFC Bank

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Index Terms - Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), Hormonal Fluctuations, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Indian Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) market is highly competitive and price sensitive, making market entry a challenging task for international brands. Among various market entry strategies, penetration pricing has emerged as an effective approach to attract consumers, encourage trial purchases, and gain rapid market acceptance. This study examines the effectiveness of the penetration pricing strategy adopted by Lotus Biscoff in entering the Indian market. The study is empirical in nature and is based on primary data collected from general consumers such as working professionals, homemakers, and regular FMCG buyers through a structured questionnaire. The research analyses the impact of penetration pricing on consumer purchase behaviour, brand awareness, and overall market acceptance. Descriptive and percentage analysis methods have been used for data interpretation. The findings reveal that penetration pricing significantly influenced trial purchase and positively shaped consumer perception of Lotus Biscoff, thereby contributing to its successful market entry. The study concludes that penetration pricing, when supported by effective branding and distribution, is an effective strategy for international FMCG brands entering emerging markets like India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Penetration Pricing, Market Entry Strategy, Indian FMCG Market, Lotus Biscoff, Consumer Behaviour

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND MEDIUM IN INDIA: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN VISAKHAPATNAM SCHOOLS, ANDHRA PRADESH Mr. Syamasundara Rao, Sirla, M.A. (English Litt.), B.Ed. TET, Andara University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. ABSTRACT Thomas Babington Macaulay is widely recognized for introducing English education in India through his pivotal "Macaulay Minutes" in 1835. In this document, he advocated for English as the medium of instruction, aiming to cultivate a class of Indians who could act as intermediaries between the British rulers and the local populace. His proposals received the endorsement of Governor-General Lord William Bentinck, who officially implemented the policy on March 7, 1835. The history of the English language in India is deeply rooted in British colonialism, starting with trade and evolving into a significant influence in education, administration, and contemporary society. Initially introduced as a means of imperial control by the British East India Company in the early 17th century, English later became a vital tool for India's development and national unity. Its prominence grew in the 19th century, particularly with the 1813 Charter Act and Lord Macaulay's 1835 minute, which established English as the primary medium of instruction to cultivate a class of Indian administrators and professionals. Following India's independence, English continued to hold a crucial role as an official working language, a medium for higher education and administration, and a key instrument for international communication, leading to the emergence of a distinct "Indian English" dialect. Historically, English has been associated with the elite and privileged classes in India. The initial beneficiaries of English education were those who could afford to send their children to English-medium schools, thereby accumulating cultural capital over time. It's important to recognize that not only the language itself but also the way it is spoken--particularly the accent--creates social hierarchies, enabling the privileged to leverage their linguistic skills for social mobility. English medium schools provide advantages such as enhanced global communication, improved career prospects, and access to international resources and higher education, which can foster critical thinking and IT skills. However, they also present challenges, including the marginalization of local languages, potential cognitive overload for young learners, increased financial burdens, and the exclusion of non-English-speaking parents from supporting their children's education. The British established schools and universities in India modelled after their own, placing a strong emphasis on English. Many Indians also pursued their education at British schools and universities. Beginning in 1813, English Christian missionaries arrived in India and set up primary schools where local languages were used for instruction. Eventually, they expanded to create high schools that taught in English, necessitating a good command of the language for Indian students wishing to advance their education. In 1857, the British began constructing their own schools and universities in India, solidifying English as the primary language of education. Prominent leaders of that time endorsed English, viewing it as a crucial pathway to success. Those who were proficient in English were regarded as the new elite in Indian society. Numerous schools were established with English as the medium of instruction, and British regulations mandated that university-level education be conducted in English, making English-medium schools highly sought after by ambitious Indians. Even after India gained independence, English retained its significance. It was officially designated as an associate language, with plans to phase it out within 15 years. However, English continues to play a vital role in India today.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: advocated; endorsement; colonialism; prominence; emergence; beneficiaries; accumulating; hierarchies; exclusion; necessitating; solidifying; proficient; ambitious; retained

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A significant shift in learning pattern from traditional book learning environment to digital collaborative learning environment has been observed in 21st century. The convenience use of technology for learning and changing reading habit of people has made the perception of traditional public libraries outdated, also the shift in educational model from rote learning to an experimental and collaborative model, had invited flexible spaces in the learning environment. Considering those changes few successful model libraries have transformed by incorporating current technology using a flexible learning environment and still serving as an asset promoting lifelong learning experience to society. This paper will discuss the evolution of library spaces over years and explore the current successful model in library design with case studies, and helps to find different space that can be tailored with traditional Library design to make it sustain as a hub for learning. The research also highlights the need to design based on five zone spatial framework, merging of compatible spaces and adaption of multiuse space design. Also brings out the challenge faced in terms of architectural components and recommends architectural framework for modern Indian library design. This paper contributes to the disclosure on Library updation and offers insight to architects and others to design modern library through five zone and multiuse space design.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Evolution of library spaces, Library transformation for 21st century, Modern library planning, Public library design, Successful library design, The five zones of modern library.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract This paper challenges the terrestrial biases of Indian Ocean historiography by deploying a "Blue Humanities" framework to examine the under-theorized cultural corridor between the Malabar Coast (Kerala) and the Malay Archipelago (Nusantara). By juxtaposing the theoretical architectures of Sebastian Prange's Monsoon Islam and Engseng Ho's The Graves of Tarim with the vernacular literary archive of S.K. Pottekkatt's travelogues (Bali Dweep and Malaya Naadukalil), the study constructs a genealogy of transregional connection. The research argues that the pre-colonial "sacred mobility" defined by the circulation of merchants, Sufis, and Sayyids, evolved into a mid-twentieth-century "secular pilgrimage" characterized by political solidarity and cultural recovery. While Prange and Ho delineate the structural mechanisms of "Monsoon Islam" ie. the port, the mosque, and the genealogy, Pottekkatt's narrative offers a phenomenological account of their afterlife, revealing how ancient maritime networks persisted as "creole kinship" in the modern era. Also, the paper critiques the "nationalist biopolitics" inherent in Pottekkatt's gaze, which privileged Southeast Asia as an extension of an "Indic" civilizational sphere while simultaneously exoticizing it. Ultimately, this research posits the ocean not merely as a conduit for trade, but as a "Monsoon Archive"- a fluid repository of contested identities and shared histories.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blue Humanities, Indian Ocean Studies, Monsoon Islam, S.K. Pottekkatt, Kerala-Southeast Asia relations, Vernacular Cosmopolitanism.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

"A Study of Emotional Intelligence of Prospective Teachers"

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

"A Study of Emotional Intelligence of Prospective Teachers"

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A Study of The Emotional Intelligence of Prospective Teachers at The B.Ed. And D.L.Ed. Levels in Rural Areas."

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

A Study of The Emotional Intelligence of Prospective Teachers at The B.Ed. And D.L.Ed. Levels in Rural Areas."

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Evidence shows that increasing physical activity and fitness may enhance academic performance, as well as setting aside time throughout the school day for recess, physical education class, and physical exercise in the classroom. According to available information, physical exercise has the greatest impact on mathematics and reading. These themes rely on effective executive function, which has been related to physical exercise and fitness. Academic achievement relies on executive function and brain health. Physical exercise and increased cardiovascular fitness improve basic cognitive skills such as attention and memory, which enable learning. Physical activity, both during single sessions and over time, improves cognitive function and brain health. Children who engage in vigorous or moderately intense physical exercise gain the most. Given the significance of focused time for learning, kids should be given periodic developmentally appropriate physical exercise breaks. Although currently understudied, physically active teachings in the classroom have the potential to enhance time on task and attention to task. Keywords: Physical Activity, Fitness, Physical Education, Academic Performance

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Physical Activity, Fitness, Physical Education, Academic Performance

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The dynamics of world trade are rapidly transforming under the influence of digital innovation. Traditional trade systems, characterized by paper-based documentation, manual verification, and limited transparency, have long hindered efficiency and trust among global trading partners. Blockchain technology, a decentralized and tamper-proof digital ledger, offers an opportunity to address these long-standing inefficiencies. This research paper explores how blockchain redefines trust, traceability, and efficiency in global trade by automating documentation, strengthening transparency, and ensuring authenticity across supply chains. The study adopts a qualitative and analytical methodology using secondary data from the World Trade Organization (WTO), UNCTAD, OECD, and industry reports. Case studies such as TradeLens, we.trade, and VeChain are analyzed to assess blockchain's practical applications in customs, logistics, and trade finance. Findings reveal that blockchain enhances trade facilitation, reduces costs, prevents fraud, and improves compliance. However, adoption barriers such as regulatory fragmentation, interoperability challenges, and uneven digital infrastructure persist. The paper concludes with a five-dimensional strategic framework for integrating blockchain into world trade systems, emphasizing technological integration, policy harmonization, institutional collaboration, capacity building, and ethical governance. The study contributes to the discourse on digital trust infrastructure as the foundation for a sustainable, transparent, and inclusive global trade ecosystem.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blockchain, Trust, Traceability, Trade Facilitation, Transparency, Supply Chain Efficiency, Digital Innovation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The proposed project is a Ransomware Detection System developed using Python, TensorFlow/Keras, Pandas, and NumPy. It employs lightweight deep learning models, specifically a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), to accurately detect and classify Ransomware samples while remaining suitable for resource-limited environments. The MLP model captures nonlinear feature interactions, while the CNN model processes feature vectors as sequences to extract local patterns. Together, these architectures enable robust Ransomware detection with high accuracy and efficiency. To enhance performance, the system incorporates feature selection using mutual information, reducing input dimensionality while preserving critical information. The models are trained and evaluated on a balanced Ransomware dataset, with results measured using Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC. Additionally, a generalization test is performed using a hold-out subset of unseen Ransomware samples, demonstrating the models' ability to adapt to novel attack variants. By combining lightweight deep learning architectures with effective preprocessing, this proposed system provides practical and efficient solution for Ransomware detection in resource-constrained environments such as IoT devices, mobile systems, and embedded platforms.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ransomware Detection, Cyber security, Lightweight Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Feature Selection, Efficient Classification, Resource-Constrained Systems, Generalization, Binary Classification.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing reliance on Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) devices for patient monitoring and healthcare delivery has introduced significant security challenges, necessitating advanced threat detection mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of deep learning approaches for MIoT threat detection, while also considering complementary techniques such as machine learning, anomaly detection, blockchain-based security, hybrid models, and cloud-edge integration. Traditional machine learning methods like SVM, Decision Trees, Random Forests, and k-NN are effective for structured data but struggle with complex healthcare datasets, whereas deep learning models such as CNNs, RNNs, and LSTMs excel in feature extraction and sequential data analysis, achieving higher accuracy in detecting malicious activities. Anomaly detection techniques, including autoencoders and clustering methods, offer the ability to identify zero-day attacks but often suffer from false-positive rates. Blockchain integration enhances trust, transparency, and data integrity, though at the cost of latency and energy efficiency. Hybrid frameworks that combine ML/DL with anomaly detection or blockchain provide a balanced approach to security, and cloud-edge computing synergy further improves scalability and real-time responsiveness. Collectively, these approaches highlight the growing importance of deep learning in enabling secure, reliable, and intelligent threat detection in Medical IoT environments.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

MIoT, Deep Learning, Accuracy, Security

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study explores the historical evolution and cultural significance of masks by examining their roles across diverse civilizations and time periods. From early ritual practices to classical theatre, healing traditions, funerary customs, and modern artistic and protective uses, masks have served as powerful tools for expressing identity, mediating spiritual beliefs, and supporting social cohesion. Although extensive research exists on masks within individual cultures, comprehensive cross-cultural analyses remain limited. This paper addresses that gap by integrating perspectives from anthropology, performance studies, and material culture to trace how masks have transformed in form, function, and symbolic meaning. Through comparative historical analysis, the study reveals how masks embody themes of transformation, protection, and performance, and how they continue to influence contemporary expressions of identity and creativity. Ultimately, the paper argues that masks are more than ornamental objects they are dynamic cultural artefacts that reflect the evolving relationship between humans, society, and the sacred.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Masks Cultural significance Cross-cultural analysis Identity Ritual and performance

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Women constitute an eternal and indispensable component in the growth and development of any nation. With the passage of time , the role of women in society and nation-building has been increasingly recognized and substantially expanded across the world. It is now widely acknowledged that national development cannot be achieved without ensuring the holistic development and empowerment of women. Among the various dimensions of empowerment, political empowerment holds a central position, as it enables women to participate directly in decision-making processes and democratic governance. In India, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) serve as a vital mechanism for promoting women's political empowerment at the grassroots level. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, which mandates reservation for women in PRIs, has significantly enhanced their representation and participation in local self-governance. This study focuses on Himachal Pradesh, where PRIs have emerged as an important platform for strengthening women's leadership and political awareness.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Women, Empowerment, Panchayati Raj Institutions, Himachal Pradesh

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Natural indicators extracted from plant sources offer an economical, environmentally sustainable, and readily available alternative to synthetic chemical indicators in pharmaceutical and analytical applications. This project focuses on the systematic isolation and comprehensive evaluation of natural acid-base indicators from selected plant species including Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Curcuma longa (turmeric), Lawsonia inermis (henna), and other flowering plants rich in anthocyanins and flavonoid pigments. The isolation was performed using aqueous and methanolic extraction techniques followed by evaluation through pH titration studies and colorimetric analysis. Results demonstrate that natural indicators exhibit sharp color transitions comparable to synthetic indicators (phenolphthalein and methyl orange) across various pH ranges, with minimal standard deviations. The extracted indicators successfully performed acid-base titrations involving strong acid-strong base, strong acid-weak base, weak acid-strong base, and weak acid- weak base combinations. Natural indicators represent a viable, cost-effective, pollution- free replacement for conventional synthetic indicators, offering superior stability and reliability for pharmaceutical quality control and academic laboratory applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

natural indicators, anthocyanins, plant extraction, acid-base titration, pH indicators, pharmaceutical applications

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this era of a politically unstable world, there is a growing demand for the use of military robots to aid the soldiers to perform perilous missions. This paper focuses on the design and build of a semi-autonomous, unmanned robotic system used for various military and rescue operations. Dangerous tasks such as bomb disposal, enemy territory surveillance, search and rescue can be efficiently carried out by the Military Support and Rescue Robot(MSRR). This reduces the risk of losing the lives of both soldiers and civilians. With the help of live feed from the wireless camera and data analysis of environmental composition by various sensors of the area under surveillance the soldiers can better prepare for their missions. Using technology, the above-mentioned tasks can be achieved. The different sensors of the robots are connected to the Arduino UNO which in turn is connected to the bluetooth. Data transmission and receiving are through bluetooth technology. This prototype design overcomes the weakness of the existing models and thus provides better support for military operations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Arduino UNO, MSSR, EOD, Rescue Robot

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research presents a real-time driver drowsiness detection and alert system using Python-based computer vision and machine learning techniques. The system combines several detection methods--including Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR), facial landmark tracking, head pose estimation, and temporal behavioral analysis--to accurately identify signs of fatigue. Using OpenCV, dlib's 68-point landmark model, and scipy for signal analysis, it provides multi-modal alerts through audio, visual, and haptic feedback. Tested on 150 participants under varied lighting, demographics, and driving conditions, the system achieved 96.7% accuracy, 94.3% sensitivity, 97.8% specificity, and a rapid 0.98-second response time. It also maintains real-time performance at 35 FPS and reduces false positives to 2.1%, outperforming existing commercial solutions. Additional features include adaptive user calibration, environmental condition adjustments, and APIs for seamless integration into vehicle systems. Overall, the system demonstrates strong reliability and suitability for widespread use in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS).

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Alert system, vehicle, Android, Automation NLP, Face recognition.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Computational Chemistry, Drug Design, Molecular Positioning, Computational Screening, Pharmaceutical Characteristic Prediction, Structure-Activity Relationship

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition