Volume 12 | Issue 12

 Abstract

Visual Cryptography (VC) is a form of encryption that enables secure sharing of visual information. Initially introduced by Naor and Shamir (1994), VC divides an image into multiple shares that individually reveal no information, but when combined, the original image can be reconstructed. This novel cryptographic technique does not require complex algorithms or decryption keys, instead utilizing the human visual system for decoding. Over time, VC has evolved through various enhancements and integrations with other cryptographic techniques, such as chaotic encryption, to address limitations like poor quality of image reconstruction and inefficiencies in share generation. Further research has also expanded VC's applicability to color images, securing not just binary images but a broader range of visual data. Additionally, advancements in VC have focused on its implementation in secure image transmission, medical imaging, and digital media security. Despite its advantages, challenges such as the preservation of image quality and handling large image sizes continue to persist. This paper explores these advancements and provides an overview of VC's applications, challenges, and future prospects.

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Visual Cryptography, Secure image transmission, Image encryption, Chaotic encryption, Color image cryptography, Threshold schemes, Pixel expansion, Share generation.

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This study examines the baseline needs of differently-abled students at Tarlac State University (TSU) to foster an inclusive, equitable, and supportive educational environment in alignment with Republic Act No. 7277 (Magna Carta for Disabled Persons). Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates qualitative and quantitative methodologies, including surveys, interviews, documentary analysis, and observation, to evaluate the experiences, challenges, and requirements of differently-abled students. The research focuses on key areas: education, health services, auxiliary social services, and accessibility, aiming to identify barriers and propose targeted interventions for enhanced inclusivity. Findings reveal that TSU has made significant strides in promoting inclusivity through financial aid programs, extracurricular activities, and initiatives spearheaded by the International, Differently Abled, Indigenous, Marginalized Student Services Unit (IDIMSS). Students report high levels of satisfaction with opportunities for academic engagement and social inclusion, bolstered by proactive support systems. However, gaps remain in areas such as curriculum adaptation, faculty and staff training on inclusive teaching practices, and the availability of specialized learning resources. These shortcomings highlight the need for continued investment in adaptive technologies, customized educational materials, and comprehensive professional development for educators to better address the diverse needs of differently-abled students. The study emphasizes the importance of institutional collaboration, policy refinement, and a commitment to inclusivity at all levels to empower differently-abled students. Recommendations include strengthening faculty training programs, implementing universal design principles in curriculum development, and expanding access to health and auxiliary services. By addressing these challenges, TSU can enhance its capacity to provide an equitable academic experience that values diversity and meets the unique needs of its students. This research contributes to the broader discourse on inclusive education and its implications for public administration by providing actionable insights for educators, policymakers, and institutional leaders. Ultimately, the findings aim to establish a foundation for policies and practices that ensure all students, regardless of ability, can thrive academically, socially, and personally within an inclusive higher education framework.

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Differently-Abled, TSU, Tarlac, State University, Inclusivity, RA 7277, Magna Carta for Disabled Person

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Cervical cancer is a significant global health burden, predominantly caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in low and middle-income countries where access to preventive measures and healthcare resources are limited. This article provides a concise overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies related to cervical cancer and HPV. A holistic approach encompassing prevention, early detection, utilization of diverse screening techniques, and treatment measures can effectively prevent and treat cervical cancer.

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: Cervical cancer, Human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV negative cervical cancer, vaccine

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FTIR is the technique used to obtain spectrum of absorption emission. The IR is used as the measurement of degree of unsaturation of fats and oils. AAS is a technique used to determine trace elements in the edible oils. This technique is used to detect low concentration of elements in oil samples. Analysis of fats and oils in determination of isolated trans isomers, official method by AOCS (American oil Chemists society), Association of Official Analytical Chemist AOAC). The determination is based up on peak height of absorption band of isolated trans bonds range 966 cm-1 which is due to C=C- H bending vibration. Edible oils like Sesame oil, Sunflower oil, Rice bran oil, Groundnut oil. The unsaturation of oils are done to know the Unsaturation of oils. Different types of edible oils are Olive oil, Safflower oil, Sunflower oil, Rice bran oil, Groundnut oil, Coconut oil, Sesame oil. These oils consist of fatty acids like saturated fats, monosaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, triglycerides, Cholesterol. Dietary fats are closely related to Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD), cholesterol, saturated fats and trans fats are harmful whereas MUFA, PUFA (Omega-3 PUFA) are beneficial to heart, inflammation, etc. This article reviews the benefits/harms of common edible oils on different disease. The variety of olefinic bonds in alkyl chains, including their position and shape, causes the fatty acids to differ from one another.

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IR Spectroscopy, AAS, Oils.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical issue in health care in terms of mortality, quality of services, and financial damage. In the battle against AMR, it is crucial to recognize the impacts of all four domains, namely, mankind, livestock, agriculture, and the ecosystem. Many sociocultural and financial practices that are widespread in the world have made resistance management extremely complicated. Several pathways, including hospital effluent, agricultural waste, and wastewater treatment facilities, have been identified as potential routes for the spread of resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in soil and surrounding ecosystems. The overuse of uncontrolled antibiotics and improper treatment and recycled wastewater are among the contributors to AMR. Health-care organizations have begun to address AMR, although they are currently in the early stages. In this review, we provide a brief overview of AMR development processes, the worldwide burden and drivers of AMR, current knowledge gaps, monitoring methodologies, and global mitigation measures in the development and spread of AMR in the environment.

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Antimicrobial resistance, combating antimicrobial resistance, food animals, National action plan on antimicrobial resistance, one health concept.

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This study examines the impact of consumer attitudes towards neuromarketing on brand preference, with a focus on North Chennai. The research is guided by two key objectives: (1) to explore the influence of demographic variables on consumers' brand preferences and (2) to analyze customer preferences for various brands based on their perceived rankings. Garrette's ranking method is used to evaluate and rank brands according to consumer perceptions. The findings indicate that Sony is the most preferred brand, followed by Bluestar and Crompton Greaves, with other brands displaying moderate to low consumer acceptance. Additionally, the study highlights how demographic factors such as age, gender, and income significantly shape consumer preferences. By integrating neuromarketing insights, this research provides actionable recommendations for marketers to refine their strategies and strengthen brand positioning in urban markets like North Chennai.

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Keywords: neuromarketing; consumer perception, preferences

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Hand gesture recognition facilitates human-computer interaction by interpreting hand movements in real time. This project integrates Open CV, Media Pipe, and Web APIs to create a robust gesture recognition system. Media Pipe detects and tracks hand landmarks, while Open CV provides image processing for real-time visualization and analysis. Web APIs, like Web RTC, enable webcam access for live video streaming and gesture classification. The system translates spatial relationships of hand landmarks into commands, alphabets, or actions, ensuring high accuracy and responsiveness. With applications in sign language translation, virtual reality, gaming, and assistive technologies, it offers a versatile, cross-platform solution powered by modern web technologies and machine learning.

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Human-Computer Interaction, OpenCV, MediaPipe, Web APIs, WebRTC, Real-time Visualization, Gesture Classification, Sign Language Translation, Virtual Reality, Gaming, Assistive Technologies, Machine Learning, Cross-platform Solution.

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Plants provided essential treatments for a wide range of health issues, laying the foundation for many modern medicinal practices. Mosquitoes pose a significant danger to mankind due to their ability to transmit deadly diseases. They are the primary vectors for diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, chikungunya, and yellow fever. The growing resistance of mosquitoes to synthetic insecticides has severe implications, including diminished control efficacy, ecological disruption, and human health risks, all exacerbated by the cumulative buildup of toxic substances in the environment and food chain. Plants contain some phytochemicals which may result in defence against mosquitoes. The presence of characteristic aroma and pungent smell might be indication of larvicidal activity. Phenols, terpenoids, flavanoids and saponins play role in antimicrobial and mosquito repellent activity. Five selected members of family Piperaceae were compared on the basis of morphology, anatomy, phytochemical analysis and mosquito repellency. The aim of the study was to finding the most effective plant against the mosquitoes and identifies a plant-based repellent with proven efficacy.

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Mosquito repellent, phytochemicals, lethality, leaf extract, burning ability.

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This study explores the relationship between corporate stakeholders' experience in public relations (PR) and their perceptions of its role, value, and strategic importance within organizations. Drawing on survey data from stakeholders with varying levels of PR experience, the research examines how experience influences views on PR's position as a strategic management function, ethical considerations, and its integration with marketing. Key findings suggest that stakeholders with greater PR experience are more likely to view PR as essential to strategic decision-making and express concerns about marketing's encroachment on PR's domain. The study also reveals that while trust and ethical perceptions of PR practitioners remain consistent across experience levels, support for PR's leadership in integrated marketing communications (IMC) and its independence as a management function grows with increased experience. Despite these differences, the findings underscore a shared appreciation across all experience levels for PR's role in strategic management and long-term relationship-building.

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Public Relations, Corporate Stakeholders, PR Experience, Strategic Management, Ethical Communication

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The e-Library and Bookstore Management System is an innovative software solution designed to streamline and automate the operations of libraries and bookstores. Traditional methods of managing books, records, and transactions are often time-consuming and prone to errors, limiting accessibility and efficiency. This system addresses these challenges by offering a centralized platform for cataloging, searching, borrowing, purchasing, and tracking books in real time. The e-Library component simplifies resource management by digitizing book catalogues, enabling users to search for and borrow books seamlessly. Meanwhile, the bookstore module incorporates inventory management and e-commerce functionality, allowing users to browse and purchase books online or in-store. By integrating these features, the system ensures efficient handling of operations, improves accuracy in records, and enhances the overall user experience for library members, bookstore customers, and administrators alike. In addition to improving operational efficiency, the system promotes greater accessibility and convenience. Users can access a vast collection of physical and digital resources anytime, anywhere, using an intuitive web or mobile interface. Advanced search features help users locate books by title, author, genre, or other criteria, while automated notifications for due dates and overdue books ensure better compliance in libraries. The system also generates insightful reports for administrators, providing data on book popularity, inventory levels, sales trends, and user activity, aiding informed decision-making. By replacing manual processes with a modern, automated approach, the e-Library and Bookstore Management System fosters a more organized, user-friendly, and sustainable environment, revolutionizing how knowledge and resources are shared and accessed in educational and retail spaces.

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1) E-library Management 2) Digital Library Systems 3) Library Information Systems (LIS) 4) Bookstore Management Online Bookstore 5) Library Automation Digital Cataloging 6) E-book Distribution Content Management Systems (CMS) 7) User Experience (UX) in Libraries 8) Library Resource Management 9) Metadata Standards in Libraries 10) Cloud-Based Library Solutions 11) Inventory Management for Bookstores 12) Bookstore Supply Chain Management 13) Electronic Resource Management 14) Library Software Sol

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The Keralan government is the owner of Kerala Clays and Ceramics Products Ltd. It contains China Clay mines in Payangadi, Kannapuram, and Nileshwar that are useful for ceramics, rubber, pesticides, and ultramarine. The state is experiencing a number of environmental effects as a result of unchecked mining. Additionally, it has detrimental effects on health and water quality. What the authorities have described as promising mining potential could spell tragedy for the people, they think. During the summer, the village's sole supply of drinking water comes from Madayipara's water outflow. The incursion of salty seawater into the village's groundwater will devastate Madayi if Madayipara is demolished. "In reality, the plateau operates as a very crucial watershed for the surrounding region". Streams in the surrounding area have also been transformed into death traps for the fish that live there due to the chemicals generated from the garbage dissolving in the rainwater and seeping into the ground water. In order to paint a clear picture of the suffering endured by the indigenous people as a result of clay mining in the Pazhayangadi area, the current study, ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF CLAY MINING AT PAZHAYANGADI, was conducted.

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clay mining, china clay, types, Kerala, environment

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With the help of national parties, regional parties in India's political institutions have become more credible and influential, especially in coalition administrations. The national parties had no intention of doing it alone; they intended to forge coalitions with the regional parties and maybe even assume power with them. The national political system may now be negotiated with by the regional parties. Governments of H during the United Front. The Gowdas, D. and I. The provincial parties have assumed fundamental responsibilities in resolving disputes, K. Gujral. Regional political parties had an impact on the role of the chief manager during the coalition era. According to his own judgment, he is now unable to designate his office ministers. But other parties have demands, especially regional parties that want a certain portfolio, and he must meet their terms. The prime minister is no longer making policy decisions alone; instead, a Steering or Coordinating Committee will do so in response to pressure from regional political groups. During the alliance period, regional political parties became more active, shifting the focus away from national concerns and onto local ones. From what we can tell from our research, the DMK's demand for Tamils in Sri Lanka is only one example of how it routinely sabotaged the Union administration throughout the UPA alliance's tenure. In accordance with the desires of the state administration headed by the DMK, the Association administration in Geneva cast its vote on Sri Lanka at that meeting. As an alliance partner, the biggest regional group in western Bengal, TMC, has pushed the UPA system government to prevent Bangladesh from resolving the Teesta waterway issue without its consent. Several distinct occurrences of this kind have place under different coalition administrations.

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Indian National Politics, Youth Management, regional parties, Indian political

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In Indian English Literature, ecological theory recently explore the sophisticates bond between humanity and nature. Ecological theory known as Ecocriticism, is the study of the relationship between the human and nature. Samit Basu a versatile Indian author known for his amalgamate genres and delve such ecological issues in his novels. In his novel Terror on the Titanic illustrates this by associating ecological theory through the characters, like Nathaniel. He spends much of his life in the jungle. There he learns to observe, adapt and respect nature's complex rhythms and dangers. Unlike many who view the jungle as wild or hostile, Nathaniel feels it as a home and the animals as a teacher. He learns survival skills, gains a keen awareness of his surroundings and develops a deep intuition for the ways of animals and plants. These skills and perspectives ultimately guide him on the Titanic, where his connection to nature allows him to sense to awaiting disaster. In this way, this paper focus on how Nathaniel embodies an ecological consciousness that highlights the importance of living harmoniously with the environment.

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humanity, nature, survival, ecological, consciousness.

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This research explores the perceptions of media practitioners toward the role of public relations (PR) in the media industry, focusing on the relationship between experience levels and attitudes toward PR functions. Drawing on data from business, education, and media stakeholders, the study investigates key issues such as PR's role in journalism, its contribution to news quality, and the ethical challenges of the PR-journalism dynamic. While there is broad agreement that PR practitioners support journalists by providing timely and accurate information, the data reveal variations in opinions based on experience levels. Less experienced practitioners tend to view PR more favorably, seeing it as a partner in content creation and dissemination, whereas more experienced professionals express greater skepticism about PR's influence, particularly regarding its promotional tendencies. Despite these differences, the study found no statistically significant correlation between years of experience and overall perceptions of PR. The findings highlight the evolving and complex nature of the media-PR relationship, emphasizing the need for both fields to maintain ethical standards and adapt to the changing media landscape.

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Journalists, Public Relations, Media Practitioners, Experience in Media.

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In todays scenario, a woman has to play active role inside as well as outside the home to manage her family & office duties. Many conditions like menstrual cycle, Reproductive phase and various messy vaginal discharge affects womens potential work in her day to day life. Vaginal discharge is a mixture of cells, liquids and bacteria that lubricate and protect the vagina. This mixture is constantly produced by the cells of the vagina and cervix, and it excreted from the body through the vaginal opening. Normal vaginal discharge may have a thin, watery consistency or a thick, sticky consistency, and it may be clear or white in color,it may be in large volume but usually not associated with odour, itching and pain. most discharge is at the time of ovulation, before menstruation, in pregnancy and sexual arousal. In Ayurveda different literature explains, abnormal vaginal discharge which can be correlated with Shwetpradara, Kaphaja yonivyapada, Upapluta yonivyapada. Antibiotics and antifungal medications are the mainstay of treatment, administered either in topical, injection, or oral form, depending upon the particular infection which may create various complications in female reproductive system. Taking into consideration, side effects, complication and expensive treatment for common people, the ayurvedic management in the form of different proven regimen or drugs can be recommended as safe and effective for the management of Abnormal vaginal discharge.

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Leucorrhoea, White discharge, Shwetpradara , Kaphaj yonivyapada , Upapluta yonivyapada .

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Cybercrime has emerged as a significant, pervasive and insidious threat to individuals, organizations, and societies worldwide. The rapid growth of the internet and its online threats and the increasing reliance on digital technologies have created new opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities and commit crimes. This paper provides an overview of the current state of cybercrime including its types, trends, and challenges. The impact of cybercrime on individuals, property, Government and the economy, as well as the efforts being made to prevent and combat cybercrime has been discussed. A framework for addressing cybercrime which includes relevant provisions of law and case laws has been examined.

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Cybercrime, cyber security, online threats, digital technologies, law enforcement, international cooperation.

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: Piles are essential foundation elements designed to transfer load through varying soil layers. Determining their load-carrying capacity is crucial, especially under cyclic loading condition that simulate real-world scenarios. This study investigation the cyclic load behavior of model piles in sand, focusing on elastic and plastic settlement components. Experiments were conducted on piles of varying diameter and length in river sand. The piles were driven using hydraulic jacks, and load-settlement curves were generated to evaluate ultimate capacity. Results indicate that larger pile diameters exhibit higher skin friction in sand, and the load-carrying capacity for cyclic loading differs significantly from direct static loading due to settlement behavior.

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Keywords: piles, cyclic load test, model piles, friction

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This paper describes the construction and standardization of beautiful home scale for higher secondary students. The objective of the study was to develop the tool on beautiful home, determine its validity, reliability and to set the standardized norms to interpret the scores of beautiful home scale. 120 student of higher secondary school, UP board were considered as sample of the study. The first draft of the beautiful home scale consisted 132 items. Researcher administered beautiful home scale on 120 sample for first try out and used t-test for item analysis of the draft beautiful home scale. On the basis of high t value of total 84 items got selected for final Beautiful Home Scale. For establishing the reliability, the data were collected from 115 sample of higher secondary school students from UP board and Test-Retest method, Split-Half method, Spearman Brown formula and Cronbach's Alpha were applied for estimating the reliability of the scale. Reliability of the scale are 0.775, 0.919, 0.918 respectively. Based on the opinion of experts, researcher estimated content validity of the scale. Overall, it is concluded that the scale has good face validity. Intrinsic validity of the tool was 0.88.

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Beautiful Home, Tryout, Reliability, Validity, t-test technique, Person's correlation of coefficient.

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This paper delves the therapeutic nature of colouring during the art workshops. It also highlights how visual stories help for the emotional expression of mind, and expands the community links across the globe. This paper deals with the arts therapy with colourful frameworks and ideas. Also, this study examines the role of colour therapy sessions on individuals facing mental health issues. Through the case studies of art therapy, the research paper documented the transient attitude of painting. Art is a tool for self-discovery and healing our mind and body. It accelerates the concern of art trainers in setting an environment to encourage and explore the art activities. These findings underline the importance of visual arts for mental well being. It offers a new direction of innovation for emotional and physical health.

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Therapeutic, expressions, therapy, painting, healing

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Purpose - The study intends to analyse the impact of digitalization on higher education in the Dakshina Kannada District, It mainly focuses on the advantages, problems, and solutions faced by students and institutions. Design/methodology/approach - The analysis was carried out using both Primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through the questionnaires in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. Secondary data were collected from print and online publications. Collected data were entered in SPSS and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Findings - The research study revealed a number of obstacles to higher education's digitalization, including poor funding, inadequate digital facilities, unstable internet and power connections, cost of maintenance and a lack of digital literacy among instructors and students. Digitalization has still improved accessibility and convenience of education, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was observed that the more than 50% of students reported feeling comfortable in digital classes and the majority of students agreed that digital classes were excellent. Practical implications - The findings suggest the need for an increment in the funding for digital education in higher education institutions, as well as training for both faculty and students to improve their digital skills. Addressing these issues would help in effectively implementing digital education and improving the overall educational experience. Originality/value - This study provides valuable insights into the state of digitalization in higher education in a specific region of India, highlighting the existing challenges and offering recommendations for improving digital education practices in the future.

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Digitalization, Higher Education Institutions, Technology, Interne Connection. Paper Type:

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