Volume 13 | Issue 12

 Abstract

Charmakeel (warts) are common benign skin lesions caused principally by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Conventional dermatologic management includes cryosurgery (cryotherapy), excision, and topical therapies. Ayurveda offers Para surgical techniques such as Agnikarma thermal cauterization described for Kshudra Rogas including Charmakeel. This review compares cryosurgery with Agnikarma for wart management, emphasizing mechanisms, clinical effectiveness, advantages, limitations, and recurrence patterns to guide integrative approaches.

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Charmakeela, Warts, Cryosurgery, Cryotherapy, Agnikarma, Ayurveda, Para surgical Technique, HPV.

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Thin layer chromatography (TLC) represents a fundamental analytical technique in herbal drug standardization and phytochemical analysis. This review comprehensively examines TLC principles, methodologies, applications, regulatory frameworks, and recent advancements in herbal extract analysis. The escalating global demand for botanical products necessitates stringent analytical standards ensuring phytochemical consistency and therapeutic efficacy. TLC provides cost-effective, rapid separation and identification of herbal constituents through differential adsorption and partition mechanisms. This review systematically explores chromatographic fundamentals including stationary and mobile phase selection, Rf value determination, and detection strategies. Representative medicinal plants including Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum sanctum, and Azadirachta indica are examined demonstrating practical TLC applications. Advanced methodologies including high-performance TLC (HPTLC), two-dimensional chromatography, and coupled mass spectrometry enhance analytical precision and phytochemical profiling. Current pharmacopeial standards from Indian Pharmacopoeia, USP, and European Pharmacopoeia establish official TLC protocols for herbal authentication. Challenges encompassing solvent optimization, standardization variability, and compound identification are critically analyzed. Future perspectives emphasize artificial intelligence integration, automated spot recognition, and comprehensive fingerprinting databases. This review provides pharmaceutical scientists, quality control professionals, and researchers with consolidated understanding of TLC applications in herbal extract analysis, addressing fundamental principles to contemporary innovations in botanical analytical chemistry.

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Thin Layer Chromatography, Herbal Extracts, Phytochemical Analysis, Quality Control, Fingerprinting, Standardization, HPTLC, Botanical Authentication

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With the increasing dominance of social media in brand communication, visual representation has become a critical factor in shaping the consumer perceptions, particularly among Generation Z (Gen Z). This research examines the responses of Gen Z to the brand advertisements, which showcase real people versus professional models, focusing on aspects such as trust, relatability, emotional response, and purchase intention. An exploratory research design was used to gather primary data through a structured online questionnaire administered to 61 Gen Z respondents from Indian and international backgrounds. Descriptive statistical analysis was done with percentages and visual representations to unveil the key patterns in consumer responses. The results show that ads with real people are usually perceived as more reliable, relatable, and authentic than those with models. These perceptions were found to have a positive impact on brand consideration and purchase intention. On the other hand, ads with professional models were more strongly linked with aspirational appeal but were less effective in establishing credibility and thus, driving purchase-related behavior. Moreover, the study reveals that factors like brand trust and positive past experiences have a more significant impact on purchase decisions than advertising alone. As an exploratory research with a limited sample size, the findings are only indicative. However, the study helps to understand the rising importance of authenticity-led representation as a means of engaging the Gen Z consumers and provides practical implications for brands aiming at gaining trust and creating meaningful connections in digital environments.

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Generation Z (Gen Z), Authenticity in Advertising, Real People vs Professional Models, Brand Trust, Relatability, Emotional Response, Purchase Intention, Digital Brand Communication

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ABSTRACT: The imposition of steep U.S. tariffs--raised to 50% in August 2025--has generated notable volatility in India's capital and export markets, particularly affecting sectors heavily dependent on American demand. India's benchmark indices, Sensex and Nifty, witnessed an immediate correction following the tariff announcement, accompanied by foreign investment outflows and a record depreciation of the rupee to INR88.78 per U.S. dollar. Export-oriented industries such as textiles, leather, gems and jewellery, and automobiles reported significant declines in turnover, severely impacting MSMEs. In contrast, tariff-exempt sectors like pharmaceuticals, IT services, FMCG, electronics, and semiconductors showed resilience, reflecting India's relatively low dependence on U.S. exports, which account for only about 2-2.5% of GDP. Despite external shocks, strong domestic consumption, supportive government policies, and a stable base of domestic investors have cushioned market volatility. India's efforts to safeguard its trade "red lines," as emphasized by the External Affairs Minister, underline the need for balanced and mutually respectful negotiations with the U.S. Amid these challenges, proactive state-level initiatives--particularly in Uttar Pradesh--demonstrate India's strategic shift toward market diversification and self-reliance. The new Export Promotion Policy 2025-30, ODOP initiatives, logistics support, financial incentives, and infrastructure expansion aim to strengthen local industries, empower artisans, and build a resilient export ecosystem. These domestic-focused, self-sustaining measures reflect the emergence of a Swadeshi Market capable of withstanding tariff pressures while advancing India's broader economic ambitions, including the vision of a $1-trillion state economy. .

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Key Words: 1. Swadeshi Market 2. Trade Tariff's 3. Technological Gaps 4. Multilateral Trade

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While art-integrated learning has gained traction within formal school structures, its success in marginalized regions depends heavily on the support systems at home. This study examines a decade-long initiative (2015-2025) focused on conducting art-integrated workshops for parents in the Sundarbans Delta, West Bengal. Situated in a landscape of ecological fragility and socio-economic hardship, these workshops aimed to bridge the gap between traditional parenting and the creative pedagogy envisioned by NEP 2020. Using a reflective qualitative approach based on ten years of field experience, the research analyzes how engaging parents in drawing, storytelling, and local craft-making alters their perception of formal education. The findings indicate that parental participation in art workshops significantly reduces student dropout rates, enhances the home learning environment, and fosters a sense of communal resilience. The study highlights that when parents transition from passive observers to creative partners, art becomes a "social equalizer" that overcomes barriers of illiteracy and poverty. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating parental creative workshops into the rural educational framework of India.

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Keywords: Parental Engagement, Sundarbans Delta, Art-Integrated Learning, Workshop Pedagogy, NEP 2020, Community Resilience, Rural Education.

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Employee engagement is a crucial factor influencing organizational success, especially in professional service firms where employee performance directly affects service quality. This study examines the impact of employee engagement on employee performance at Deloitte. A descriptive research design was adopted using both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from 200 Deloitte employees through a structured questionnaire, while secondary data were sourced from journals and company reports. Key engagement dimensions such as job satisfaction, leadership support, communication, recognition, and work-life balance were analysed using statistical tools. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship (r = 0.67) between employee engagement and performance, highlighting the importance of effective engagement practices.

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Employee Engagement, Employee Performance, Organizational Commitment, Deloitte, Job Satisfaction

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Government Nizamia Tibbiya College, Hyderabad, stands as an architectural landmark adjacent to the iconic Charminar, symbolizing the city's rich medical and cultural heritage. The institution offers undergraduate programs such as the Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery (BUMS) and postgraduate programs including the Doctor of Medicine (Unani). It is the only government institution in the state of Telangana dedicated exclusively to Unani medical education. Established over a century ago by the Seventh Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan, the college has produced generations of distinguished physicians and scholars who have made significant contributions to the field of Unani medicine. This article presents a brief account of the college's foundation, pays tribute to its visionary founder, and highlights its enduring academic and historical significance.

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Index Terms-- Tibbiya College. Unani Medicine, Nizam, Unani Physicians

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Traditional Medicines derived from medicinal plants are used by about 60% of the world's population. This review focuses on Indian Herbal drugs and plants used in the treatment of diabetes, especially in India. Diabetes is an important human ailment afflicting many from various walks of life in different countries. In India it is proving to be a major health problem, especially in the urban areas. Though there are various approaches to reduce the ill effects of diabetes and its secondary complications, herbal formulations are preferred due to lesser side effects and low cost. A list of medicinal plants with proven antidiabetic a related beneficial effect and of herbal drugs used in treatment of diabetes is compiled. Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder, affecting 16 million individuals in the United States and 200 million worldwide. Despite the use of advanced synthetic drugs forthe treatment, use of herbal remedies is gaining higher importance because of synthetic drugshave drawbacks. Thus, this review article undertakes the attempt for providing updated information on the type of diabetes and herbal formulations which will enhance the existing knowledge of the researche.

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Herbal medications, plants, diabetes mellitus

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Accessing safe and clean drinking water, is one of the major global challenges across the planet. In this study, we propose a low-cost and real-time water quality monitoring system based on Internet of Things (IoT), using sensor networks and machine learning algorithms. The study used sensors to continuously monitor specific parameters, including pH, turbid, temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), sweetness full, and minerals. A microcontroller ESP32 received data from the sensors and loaded the data to a cloud platform for visualization and anomaly detection using the trained models. The smart water quality monitoring system can generate alerts, promote public health, and proactively protect water resources management in disadvantaged communities.

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IoT, Water Quality Monitoring, Real-Time, Machine Learning, TDS, Turbidity, pH, ESP32, Nutritional Detection

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Brain tumors epidemiology; Adolescents and young adults; Risk factors; Central nervous system malignancies; Environmental exposures; Genetic predisposition; Prevention strategies; Health disparities

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Bhasha or language is the most important media of communication for the human race since ages, Various languages as per their specific region adapts a unique style of grammaticalization. Sanskrit, known as the language of Gods is the oldest language with the most scientific grammaticalization. Ayurveda, the science of life has been narrated and pass down since ages by virtue of Sanskrit. The Ayurvedic Tantras are composed in Sanskrit Shlokas, these verse are studied and analysed for acquiring the proper knowledge of Ayurveda. Without the Sanskrit language, it is unthinkable of obtaining the knowledge of Ayurvedic healing. The newfangled ventures in the field of literature has re-highlighted the old languages and their learning techniques, Sanskrit is studied in many educational institute for its scientific ethnicity and diversity. Similarly, Sanskrit in Ayurvedic literature needs to be upgraded and highlighted efficiently. Profuse concepts applied in the system of Ayurveda, are kindred with Sanskrit literature. These, concept when studied culminated in highlighting the importance of Sanskrit Sahitya in Ayurveda.

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Sanskrit, Ayurved, Darshana

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ABSTRACT Ayurveda, the ancient medical tradition of India, underscores the paramount importance of ocular health, identifying the eye as essential to quality of life. Among the seventeen eye diseases described in the Susruta Sa?hita, Abhishyanda is presented as a condition involving all parts of the eye and is regarded as the foundational cause of many ocular disorders. In modern ophthalmology, Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, bilateral, and seasonally exacerbated allergic inflammation of the ocular surface, commonly affecting children and adolescents in tropical regions. VKC is characterized by itching, grittiness, mucous discharge, redness, lacrimation, and photophobia--clinical features that closely parallel the Ayurvedic description of Kaphaja Abhishyanda. This article highlights the conceptual resemblance between VKC and Kaphaja Abhishyanda based on their shared symptomatology and pathophysiological attributes. The comparative analysis aims to strengthen the academic understanding of these conditions within traditional and contemporary frameworks.

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Kaphaja Abhishyanda , Netraroga , Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

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AI is such a transformative and promising element of data-based governance, trade, and communication that AI-powered facial recognition, predictive analytics, and automated decision-making depend significantly on the collection and processing of huge amounts of personal data from people. These take us into the unexplored tracks for which we are unprepared; such technology usually comes with no real and clear legal safeguards for the protection of privacy. Mass surveillance risks, data breaches, and loss of individual autonomy render technical advancements like facial recognition, predictive analytics, and algorithmic profiling significant challenges to traditional privacy rights.

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Balancing AI Efficiency and Privacy Rights in Public Sector Governance

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Chikitsa chatushpad consists of four entites i.e Bhishak , Dravya , Upsthata , Rogi . A good physician is in complete without good medicine. Drugs are are responsible for the overall balance of the body. The first division of the Charak Samhitha, known as Sutrasthan or shloksthan, is divided into eight parts i.e. seven chatushka and two sangraha adhyaya. The medications are discussed in four chapters known as Bheshajachatushka or Aushadhachatushka in the sutrasthan. The medications are categorized here based on their pharmacological and pharmacotherapeutic properties. Mahakashaya is a classification system for medications based on Karmas, which is divided into fifty divisions. Arshoghan Mahakashaya is the twelfth category of medicines thought to be useful in the treatment of piles. Sravi arsha is a condition in which a person's life is made unbearable by pain and swelling of the pile mass with bleeding with bheshaj chikitsa being the first of all therapies. This is a rudimentary attempt to understand how rasa, guna virya, and prabhav of these 10 medications may work to dissolve the disease of sushka arsha.

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Arshoghan Mahakashaya, Sushka Arsha, Bheshaj Chikitsa, Charaka Samhita

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This research paper offers a comprehensive analysis of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-integrated payroll systems in small retail businesses. The paper is extended into a full-length, publication-ready format, following all IJCRT guidelines, including spacing, margins, tables, figures, and sectioning. The study demonstrates how AI improves payroll accuracy, accelerates salary computation, strengthens compliance, and reduces human errors. It also highlights adoption challenges such as digital skill shortages, infrastructure issues, and privacy-related concerns.

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Artificial Intelligence, Payroll Automation, Retail HR, Machine Learning, HR Technology.

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WQI, Physico chemical parameters, Laboratory analysis, Correlation analysis, Policy makers

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Over the last few years, researcher have noticed that academic libraries in India have been changing a little bit. Technology has changed academic libraries. For this research paper, researcher studied research published between 2018 and 2025. And found most research mention about RFID systems, AI tools, e-learning platforms, digital repositories, and even upgraded integrated library software. Because of these changes, the role of librarians seems to be shifting. They are not only managing books and shelves; now they provide digital resources, and they guide and educate users on how to use e-resources. But, to be honest, this transformation is not easy everywhere. Several small libraries still face real issues- a lack of trained staff, budget issues, and ethical issues. From what researchers understand so far, if librarians get regular training, sufficient funds, updated policy, and support from the institute, then academic libraries in India can keep moving toward more learner-centered, tech-friendly environments.

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AI, RFID Technology, Academic Libraries in India, Library Automation, Digital Libraries in India.

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Today when population is moving with modernization in the 21st century a lot of new diseases emerge out due to faulty life style, unhealthy food, lack of exercise, mental stress and disturbed sleep. Ajirna is a common disease which originates from digestive power insufficiency (5Agni) due to all above factors of modern Era. It is the state of incomplete process of digestion of ingested food. The main reason for indigestion is the deranged functions of Agni, Incomplete digestion and metabolism due to disturbed digestive fire leads to formation of under processed state of food termed as ajirna, Ajeerna is caused by agnimandya. Derangement of Agni is one of the root cause for development of diseases. Ajirna arises as a result of less/excessive/irregular digestion of food and this further produces Ama which circulate all over body. Ama combine with other Doshas and Dushya, vitiate them, produces many diseases. There are 4-6 types of Ajirna mentioned in Ayurveda by different acharyas. Also there is variation in treatment as per opinion of different acharyas. So it is important to see the details of Ajirna Chikitsa in Ayurved collectively. So this article is focusing on the Ajirna (Indigestion) Chikitsa in Ayurveda.

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Ajirna, Agni

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Background: Cord blood stem cells are a valuable source of hematopoietic stem cells used in the treatment of various life-threatening diseases. Nurses play a key role in educating parents and assisting in cord blood collection. However, lack of adequate knowledge among staff nurses regarding cord blood stem cell collection and preservation may limit effective practice. Objectives: 1. To assess the pre-test knowledge of staff nurses regarding cord blood stem cell collection and preservation. 2. To assess the post-test knowledge of staff nurses regarding cord blood stem cell collection and preservation. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell collection and preservation. 4. To find the association between post-test knowledge scores and selected demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative evaluative research approach with a pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was adopted. The study was conducted at a selected hospital in Sikar, Rajasthan. A sample of 100 staff nurses was selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire. A structured teaching programme was administered after the pre-test, and the post-test was conducted after seven days. Results: The findings revealed a significant improvement in post-test knowledge scores compared to pre-test scores. The paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), indicating the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme. Conclusion: The structured teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding cord blood stem cell collection and preservation among staff nurses. Regular in-service education is recommended to enhance nurses' competency in this area.

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Cord blood stem cells, stem cell preservation, structured teaching programme, staff nurses, knowledge

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Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder that significantly affects quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a proven non-pharmacological intervention that improves functional capacity, symptom control, and self-management. However, lack of adequate knowledge among patients limits its effective utilization. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme (STP) on knowledge regarding pulmonary rehabilitation among clients with COPD. Methods: A quantitative evaluative research approach with a pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was adopted. The study was conducted at a selected private hospital in Rewari, Haryana. A total of 200 clients diagnosed with COPD were selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire. Following the pre-test, a structured teaching programme on pulmonary rehabilitation was administered. Post-test was conducted after seven days. Results: The mean post-test knowledge score was significantly higher than the mean pre-test score. Paired t-test revealed a statistically significant improvement in knowledge at p < 0.05, indicating the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme. Conclusion: The structured teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding pulmonary rehabilitation among clients with COPD. Incorporating such educational interventions into routine clinical practice can enhance patient participation and long-term disease management.

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Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary rehabilitation, structured teaching programme, patient education, knowledge

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