Volume 9 | Issue 12

 Abstract

The proposed framework leverages multi-spectral satellite imagery to assess crop health and growth patterns across diverse agricultural landscapes. By incorporating historical yield data and real-time weather information, the AI models can identify complex relationships between environmental factors and crop productivity. This innovative approach not only enhances the precision of yield forecasts but also provides valuable insights into the impact of climate variability on agricultural output, enabling policymakers and farmers to implement adaptive strategies for sustainable food production. Agricultural productivity is inherently influenced by climatic, geographical, and management factors. India, with its diverse agro-climatic zones, requires intelligent tools to monitor crop yields, especially in its agriculturally vital northern states. Traditional methods are slow and resource-intensive, making real-time predictive systems essential. This study presents an AI-driven geo-spatial framework that leverages remote sensing and machine learning to predict seasonal crop yields.

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Geo, Spatial, Agriculture, Crop and Prediction

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Fabian Socialism, originating in late nineteenth-century Britain, offered a unique blend of reformist socialism rooted in gradualism, permeation, and reliance on intellectual persuasion rather than revolutionary struggle. This paper explores the theoretical foundations of Fabianism, its impact on the British welfare state, and, most significantly, its influence on Indian political and economic thought during the nationalist movement and the early postcolonial period. By examining the writings and policies of key leaders, particularly Jawaharlal Nehru, the research demonstrates how Fabian principles shaped India's path toward a planned mixed economy, state-led industrialization, and welfare measures. The comparative analysis situates Fabianism alongside Marxism and liberalism to highlight its hybrid character and moderate reformist orientation. Criticisms of Fabianism, both in Britain and India, are evaluated, including Marxist charges of bourgeois compromise, liberal objections to excessive state control, and post-1991 critiques regarding inefficiency and stagnation.

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Fabian Socialism, India, Nehru, mixed economy, welfare state, gradualism, permeation

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In contemporary literary studies, ecocriticism has emerged as a vital framework for analyzing the interrelationship between literature and the natural environment. Indian mythological narratives, which frequently portray nature as both a reflection of human conduct and a manifestation of the divine, offer a rich context for ecocritical exploration. This study presents a comparative ecocritical analysis of two modern mythological retellings: Amish Tripathi's Shiva Trilogy and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's The Palace of Illusions. Although both texts are grounded in India's mythological tradition, they articulate distinct perspectives on the human-nature relationship, engaging with themes such as ecological harmony, environmental degradation, and the cycle of regeneration. The study investigates how these works address ecological concerns and reflect on the wider societal consequences of humanity's interaction with the natural world.

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Nature, Mythology, Environment,Ecology

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purpose This paper tries to explore the extend of ICT adoption among the university libraries in west Bengal, and to identify the key factors in adoption of ICT. another perspective of this study is to application of innovation diffusion theory (IDT) to the diffusion of ICT in the university libraries. Methodology/Design/Approach For this study survey method is administered with structure questionnaire, conducted among the professional staff of the university libraries as well as face to face interview were conducted for gathering data. From data gathered the research has analysed the potential influences on the adoption of ICT, including the attributes of innovation in university libraries .This is based on the attributes of an innovation in Rogers' theory of diffusion of innovation. Findings: The research findings are summarised after the analysis of data which is collected from questionnaire related to the objective of the study, and interview method during the interviews, including research propositions related to the first research question, i.e. "can Rogers' diffusion of innovation model be applied to the diffusion of ICT in University libraries", and findings from staff interviews related to the second research question - "What are major attributes that have affected ICT adoption in the case study library?" Research limitations/implications - Some attributes based on Rogers' theory were positive, while a few others were not clearly perceived by practitioners, and this needs to be addressed by more careful distinctions being made between the categories in any future research. Originality/value - This research provides knowledge in developing ICT services for librarians, students, and researchers, and anyone else interested in this issue. Additionally, it can serve as a model of using the theory of diffusion

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Diffusion of ICT among the University libraries in West Bengal: a study in the light of Innovation Diffusion Theory

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Abstract: The teaching and learning of Arabic in Indian higher education institutions have undergone considerable transformation over the decades, yet curriculum design continues to reflect outdated pedagogical models and limited contextual relevance. This paper critically examines the current curriculum design for Arabic in Indian universities, exploring its alignment with global academic standards, market needs, and linguistic competencies. Through an analytical lens, the study assesses curricular frameworks in selected institutions, identifies existing gaps, and offers strategic recommendations for inclusive, skill-based, and culturally responsive Arabic education. The study underscores the importance of incorporating modern pedagogical tools, communicative methodologies, and interdisciplinary approaches in shaping a holistic Arabic curriculum suitable for contemporary learners in India.

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Arabic Curriculum, Higher Education, India, Language Pedagogy, Curriculum Reform, Skill-Based Education, UGC Guidelines.

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Religion functions as a symbolic system that expresses humanity's deepest concerns, values, and aspirations. The process of symbolization is intrinsic to human culture, rooted in social interaction and interpretive engagement. The paper deals with the foundational relationship between religion and symbolism, emphasizing how symbols serve as a central medium through which religious beliefs, experiences, and revelations are communicated and understood. Drawing on etymology, theological perspectives, philosophical insights, and sociological theories, the research interprets how symbols bridge between the visible and invisible, the personal and communal, and the spiritual and material dimensions of religious life. Religion is portrayed not merely as a belief system but as a dynamic, symbolic language that shapes and is shaped by human interaction, cultural context, and divine revelation. The study concludes that religious symbolism is both essential and inevitable in the human quest for meaning, identity, and connection with the sacred.

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Divine revelation, Language, Religious beliefs, Symbols, Sacred.

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Assam is a land of rich cultural diversity, where folklore, traditions, and customs play a vital role in shaping the social and cultural identity of its people. This study explores the various forms of Assamese folklore including oral narratives, folk songs, dances and examines the traditional customs practiced by different ethnic communities across the state. Using qualitative methods such as field visits, interviews, and literature review, the research highlights the significance of these cultural elements in preserving Assamese heritage amid modern challenges. The study also identifies the threats posed by globalization and urbanization to traditional practices and recommends strategies for their preservation and promotion. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of Assam's intangible cultural heritage and emphasizes the importance of safeguarding it for future generations.

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Assamese Folklore, Traditions of Assam, Cultural Customs, Oral Literature, Folk Songs and Dances, Bihu,Assam Festivals

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract The North-East region of India, characterized by its ethnic diversity and strategic importance, has long faced challenges related to governance, development, and cultural preservation. To address the unique socio-political needs of its indigenous communities, the Indian Constitution under the Sixth Schedule provides for the establishment of Autonomous District Councils (ADCs). These councils serve as decentralized governance institutions aimed at promoting self-rule, safeguarding tribal customs, and fostering regional development. This paper critically examines the structure, functions, and effectiveness of ADCs in states like Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram, and evaluates their role in tribal development. While ADCs have contributed to the political empowerment and cultural preservation of tribal groups, they are often hindered by administrative inefficiencies, financial dependence, and overlapping jurisdictions. Through a review of policy frameworks and selected case studies, this study highlights the achievements, limitations, and future prospects of ADCs in facilitating inclusive and sustainable development in North-East India.

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Constitution, Autonomous, Power, Community, Minority, Revenue

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Social media has transformed worldwide communication by facilitating real-time engagement, information sharing, and digital collaboration. However, its rapid rise has resulted in a number of ethical issues that affect individuals, communities, and organizations. This study looks at fundamental ethical challenges in social media, such as privacy violations, misinformation, cyberbullying, digital addiction, and public opinion manipulation. It also looks at the roles of individuals, technology corporations, and governments in supporting ethical behaviour online. Understanding these concerns and supporting digital literacy and responsible behaviour can help society create a more transparent, courteous, and equal digital world. The study underlines the importance of ethical awareness and accountability in maximizing the benefits of social media while reducing the harm.

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Social media, Ethics.

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Poverty and unemployment are considered as major hindrances to the socioeconomic development of a nation. The picture is not different in our country. During 80s the Government of India introduced various situation-specific schemes for employment generation and poverty alleviation in both rural and urban sectors. Although these schemes could bring about little changes in the living condition of the poor yet that was not sufficient as expected. In that context, the concept of Self-Help Group emerged as a standard tool for rectifying the problem of low employment and high poverty in our country. In India microfinance operates through two models: (a) Self Help Groups (SHGs) model. (b) Microfinance Finance Institutions (MFIs) model. Among the two models, the Self-Help Group model has been accepted as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation and employment generation which improves the income level as well as the living condition of the poor people. It not only generates employment but also contributes to the household income of the beneficiaries. Microfinance in India has achieved a new turn after the formation of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in the year 1982. Since its inception, NABARD has been conducting many research programs for delivering financial services at a large scale, creating self-employment, and also providing loans rather than grants to its beneficiaries. In the year 1992 NABARD launched the "Self Help Group (SHG)-Bank Linkage Programme" for providing affordable banking services to the doorstep and is now marked as the largest microfinance programme in the world. As on 31st March 2020, 12.4 crore households and more than 102 lakh SHGs with a deposit of over Rs 26,000 crore are covered under the SHG-Bank Linkage Programme.

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Self Help Groups (SHGs), Microfinance Finance Institutions (MFIs), employment generation, poverty elimination Socio-economic development.

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 Abstract

?? ??? ???? ????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??, ?? ???????, ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????, ????? ??????, ??????? ????, ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????????, ???????????????, ????????? ????????, ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??, ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????????????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????, ?????????? ?? ???????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??, ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???, ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????, ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???-??? ????, ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??, ????? ?? ???????, ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ??, ?????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ???????, ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???

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????? ?????????????, ??????, ?????????, ???????????????, ????????? ????????, ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????

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Climate change is challenging and threatening the Arctic ecosystem upon which the Inuit communities depend for their livelihood and cultural survival for the past thousand years. The objective of the paper is to attempt to explore all about climate change and its impact on the Inuit communities' health, food system, socio-economic, cultural activities and livelihood in the four regions in the Arctic countries: Alaska (USA), Chukotka (Russia), Greenland (Denmark), and Inuit Nunangat (Canada). The impact of climate change is multidimensional and varied from increasing the risks to challenging the traditional ways of life in the Arctic. The study uses descriptive and analytical studies based on primary and secondary sources. Climate change is one of the key factors that the Inuit communities are now concerned about the Arctic sovereignty issue which will significantly impact their political, social, cultural, and economic rights, and community well-being in these regions. The study seeks to examine the impacts of climate change, and the main reasons for the insecurities of Inuit communities in these four regions, while these four Arctic nations along with the Arctic Council are committed to promoting and protecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples at home and abroad.

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Arctic, Climate Change, Cultural Survival, Ice Melting, Inuit, Permafrost, Traditional Livelihood and Traditional Knowledge

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A general queuing model having feedback, balking and reneging in serial queuing processes connected with non-serial queuing channels with balking in random order selection for service with finite waiting space has been studied in the present paper. Such models are of common occurrence in the administrative setup.

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The Study of Serial Queues Connected to Non-Serial Queues with Feedback and Reneging in Serial Queues and Balking in both Types of Queues With Finite Waiting Space

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A method for guaranteeing the high standard of software as a whole is quality assurance. Software products utilised for data analytics are distinct from more conventional ones, requiring a particular set of skills and more time for quality assurance. The development and implementation of several big data application systems across different fields have been prompted by the rapid expansion of the big data technology industry, which is now seeing a compound annual growth rate of 27%. The 4Vs of big data are volume, velocity, variety, and veracity, and these systems use a wide array of platforms, tools, and procedures to gather, process, analyse, and forecast this data. However, ensuring the quality of these systems poses significant challenges due to a complexity and scale of a data involved. This paper offers a thorough overview of quality assurance (QA) concepts and components for big data systems, focussing on important criteria including timeliness, consistency, credibility, and accessibility. Validation techniques such as classification-based testing, program-based testing, and metamorphic testing are presented, and the article goes on to talk about the special QA problems caused by the varied and ever-changing nature of big data. Through a systematic literature review, this study synthesises existing QA technologies and their strengths and limitations, offering insights into the current state of QA in big data applications and identifying areas for future research and improvement.

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Quality Assurance (QA); data analytical, Data Quality Criteria, applications, Methods.

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In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, video streaming has become a dominant form of content consumption, transcending traditional media boundaries. However, ensuring high-quality video streaming experiences across a multitude of devices presents a significant challenge. The diversity in screen sizes, processing capabilities, network conditions, and user environments necessitates a robust testing strategy that can accommodate the complexities of multi-device usage. This paper explores the critical role of multi-device testing in enhancing video streaming quality, providing an in-depth analysis of the methodologies, tools, and practices that can be employed to achieve optimal results. Multi-device testing is an essential component in the video streaming quality assurance process, as it ensures that content is delivered consistently across various devices, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, smart TVs, and gaming consoles. The proliferation of these devices, each with its unique hardware and software configurations, requires a testing framework that can simulate real-world scenarios. By leveraging multi-device testing, streaming platforms can identify and mitigate potential issues related to buffering, latency, resolution scaling, and playback performance, thereby enhancing the overall user experience. The paper discusses the implementation of automated testing tools that can emulate different device environments and network conditions. These tools are crucial for executing comprehensive test cases that cover a wide range of variables, such as bitrate adaptation, codec compatibility, and content protection mechanisms. Additionally, the integration of AI-driven analytics in the testing process is highlighted as a key advancement. AI can analyze vast amounts of data generated during testing to detect patterns and predict potential quality issues, allowing for proactive adjustments to be made before the content reaches the end user. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of continuous testing throughout the development lifecycle of streaming applications. Continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines are recommended to ensure that each update or new feature does not degrade the streaming quality across devices. This approach aligns with the agile development practices, enabling faster iterations and more reliable product releases. The paper also addresses the challenges of multi-device testing, such as the need for extensive device libraries, the complexity of setting up and maintaining test environments, and the resource-intensive nature of executing large-scale tests. To overcome these challenges, the adoption of cloud-based testing platforms is proposed, offering scalability and flexibility. These platforms provide access to a wide range of virtual devices and network conditions, reducing the need for physical hardware and simplifying the testing process. In conclusion, enhancing video streaming quality through multi-device testing is a multifaceted endeavor that requires a combination of advanced tools, strategic planning, and continuous optimization. By embracing multi-device testing as a core aspect of their quality assurance strategy, streaming platforms can ensure a seamless viewing experience for users, regardless of the device they choose to use.

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Video streaming quality, multi-device testing, automated testing, AI-driven analytics, CI/CD pipelines, cloud-based testing, streaming platforms, user experience

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The present study was undertaken to study the perception of District Level Functionaries towards Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation in Himachal Pradesh. All the District Project Officers and Research and Evaluation Coordinators from the selected districts were interviewed using interview schedule by the researcher for seeking their perceptions towards Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation. The result of the study indicated that the district level functionaries are good in terms of: Preparedness for adopting Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation, Training imparted for the implementation of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation, Material used for the implementation of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation, Monitoring and Feedback provided for Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation, Impact of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation. But they are not in favour of the fact that Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation is a strong education system and feel that there are many loopholes in the present system for which they have provided different suggestions such as maintaining proper teacher pupil ratio, adopting marking system instead of grading, effective training to teachers, discarding age appropriate class criteria etc.

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Perception towards Continuous and comprehensive Evaluation, District level functionaries.

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The continuous development of technology and the widespread use of the internet have changed the way individuals consume media. At the same time, the proliferation of smart phones and other technical gadgets has led in the emergence of new OTT media that provides services to viewers directly via the internet. India's OTT media services market is quickly increasing, having doubled in size during the last four years. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on media consumption habits, with more users turning to OTT platforms for entertainment. The study examines various prominent OTT platforms, measures customer experiences and views, and explores factors influencing platform usage and satisfaction levels. The study was conducted among 100 respondents of Thrissur district. Most consumers choose to view movies via OTT. And the pandemic era drove people to adopt OTT platforms, with the majority of users starting to use them during the epidemic. Netflix is the most popular app, followed by Amazon Prime, Disney HotStar, ZEE5, and Sony Liv. Better and more effective subscription plans will be launched to meet the needs of the vast majority of consumers who only sometimes use OTT services.

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Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms, Subscription-based streaming services, Content preferences

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Malnutrition is an impairment of health either from deficiency or excess or imbalance of nutrients. Person with malnutrition may lack of vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates and other essential substances that body needs to function. Causes include a poor diet, digestive conditions or diseases. This paper is an attempt to study the influence of malnutrition on health.

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Influences of Malnutrition on Health

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In the modern age multistorey buildings are in trend especially in the developed countries or in metro cities etc. Exiguousness of residential land and construction cost saving is the another reason of multistorey buildings. These buildings have advance security features which is based on automated devices like fire alert system, CCTV cameras, elevators etc. large number of persons live and working in these flats/offices. It is very difficult to know the exact number of persons in a particular building. It has been observed that many times citizens are found dead in their flats and about this even Neighbors are totally unaware about the same. The available solution of this problem is CCTV cameras but sometime cameras may consider as interferer in the privacy and it cannot be implement in some specific locations. Secondly camera can record the videos and capture the images but not able to count the number of citizen in a building at a particular time. Manual entry registers are also not the solution of this problem as it is very difficult to maintain and trace the record. In case of any natural calamity happened like earthquake as happened in Turkey, terrorist attack then no data is available how many people are exists in the building at a particular time and what is their last location in the building. The proposed system provides the solution of this existing problem. System will work in the fully automated mode and can provide the information 24x7 with the exact location and time stamp. It can be implemented in jails, hostels, rehabilitation, army areas, Hospitals, COVID centers etc. System will maintain the records of the citizens movements with in the rooms and floors. When there is no movement detected for a long time, alert will be generated by the system with the help of alert unit. Proposed system is a fully automatic system which is based on sensors. System is distributed into three units sensing, counting and display unit. Sensing unit detect the human presence inside a flat / floor. Second unit is counting unit which will count the exact number of persons exists and the third unit will work as display which will show the exact number of persons inside a room along with their last location. Thus system can work as a lift saving security system.

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Ultrasonic, IPR , Sensor , LED Display

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

???? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????, ???? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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???? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition