Volume 13 | Issue 12

 Abstract

The ever-expanding use of code-mixed language, mainly on social media platforms, has resulted in challenges for natural language processing (NLP) tasks, due to its irregular writing pattern and the application of multiple languages within a sentence or phrase. Code-mixing of Gujarati-English is increasingly common in multilingual communities, as Gujarati diaspora around the world switch between their mother tongue and English while commenting/twitting/posting their views. In this paper, we present an efficient solution for word level language identification for low resource scenarios by application of fine-tuned version of DistilBERT--a lightweight transformer-based model. Our dataset consists of code-mixed social media comments from YouTube with each word annotated as one of three language tags: Gujarati, English, or Other. It comprises of 77,761 annotated sentences containing 732,917 words, with language labels distributed as 56.06% Gujarati (GJ), 36.77% English (EN), and 7.10% Other (OT). The distinctive part of this work is its fine-tuning process which is entirely conducted using CPU by dividing the training data into chunks of 1000 sentences each. This chunk-based training allows the large dataset to be processed in incremented versions by preserving the optimizer and scheduler states through different iterations. The proposed model gained an accuracy of 97.09%, precision of 97.02%, recall of 97.09%, and F1-score of 97.01%. These results outperform our baseline ML based Random Forest Model which was trained on hand crafted features and achieved accuracy of 91.2%. This proves the effectiveness of transformer-based fine-tuning for language identification in code-mixed contexts.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

DistilBERT, NLP, LID

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Diabetes mellitus represents a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and impaired glucose homeostasis affecting hundreds of millions individuals globally with profound implications for morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. Conventional pharmaceutical therapies including insulin preparations and synthetic oral agents, while therapeutically effective, demonstrate variable individual responses and substantial adverse effect profiles limiting long-term clinical applicability. Medicinal plants represent valuable therapeutic reservoirs containing diverse phytochemical compounds demonstrating significant antidiabetic properties through multiple complementary mechanisms. Contemporary scientific investigation validates traditional herbal medicine approaches through comprehensive preclinical investigations and clinical trials demonstrating remarkable efficacy in glucose control and diabetes complication prevention. Phytochemical constituents including flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and saponins exert antidiabetic effects through diverse pathways encompassing enhanced insulin secretion, improved insulin sensitivity, inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, stimulation of pancreatic beta cell regeneration, and modulation of glucose transporters. Gymnema sylvestre demonstrates exceptional efficacy through mechanisms promoting pancreatic beta cell proliferation and suppressing sweet taste sensation reducing sugar consumption. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) activates multiple glucose uptake pathways including AMPK activation and GLUT4 translocation enhancing cellular glucose utilization. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion while improving hepatic glucose metabolism. Curcuma longa and related spices including cinnamon activate AMP-activated protein kinase pathways fundamentally regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Clinical evidence demonstrates herbal formulations reduce blood glucose levels, improve insulin sensitivity, and decrease hemoglobin A1c measurements with superior safety profiles compared with conventional agents. Emerging research emphasizes integration of evidence-based herbal therapeutics with pharmaceutical approaches enabling personalized medicine strategies optimizing individual therapeutic outcomes. Future advancement requires comprehensive long-term safety surveillance, standardization of herbal preparations, biomarker identification predicting responder populations, and development of evidence-based clinical guidelines facilitating informed therapeutic decision-making.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Herbal Medicine, Antidiabetic Plants, Phytochemicals, Diabetes Mellitus, Glucose Control, Traditional Medicine, AMPK Pathway, Insulin Sensitivity

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Barium ferrites substituted by tin (Sn) with general formula Ba1-xSnxFeO19 (x=0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3) have been prepared by co precipitation method by using the ammonium solution co percipient agent. The samples were characterized by X-ray (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD analysis confirms the hexagonal phase formation for all the compounds and indicates that all Sn ions are situated into the lattice of barium ferrite with extra pick of Fe2O3. The crystallite size of all the samples were measured from XRD data. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to observe the morphology of the synthesized Ba1-xSnxFeO19 ferrites. Temperature-dependent dc electrical resistivity of Tin doped Barium ferrites was investigated as a function Sn concentration. Here, in present study, the effects of Sn doping consecration on particle size and electrical properties are mainly studied.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Barium ferrites, Ferromagnetism, Resistivity

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the infancy of science and technology, the number of people on earth was very small. At that time, people did not learn to use nature. They lived naked, eating raw fruits and meat, their natural needs were very limited. As a result of science and technology, people learned to use various natural resources such as water, soil, minerals, and forests to meet their various needs. People started using natural resources like iron, coal, etc. for production. As a result, natural resources in some regions decreased compared to demand. On the other hand, the environment continues to deteriorate due to mineral extraction and management, excessive deforestation, and natural processes. Irrenewable natural resources may eventually run out due to excessive use. It is feared that human civilization will face a major crisis in the 20th century.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

THE DEPLETION OF RESOURCES IN AN INDICATOR OF A DARK ERA FOR FUTURE GENERATION

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As a coastal state, Tamil Nadu faces uncertainty in agriculture which decreases its production. With more population and area, more productivity should be achieved but it cannot be reached. Farmers have words-of-mouth in past decades but now it cannot be used due to climatic factors. Agricultural factors and parameters make the data to get insights about the Agri-facts. Growth of IT world drives some highlights in Agriculture Sciences to help farmers with good agricultural information. Intelligence of applying modern technological methods in the field of agriculture is desirable in this current scenario. Machine Learning Techniques develops a well-defined model with the data and helps us to attain predictions. Agricultural issues like crop prediction, rotation, water requirement, fertilizer requirement and protection can be solved. Due to the variable climatic factors o f the environment, there is a necessity to have a efficient technique to facilitate the crop cultivation and to lend a hand to the farmers in their production and management. This may help upcoming agriculturalists to have a better agriculture. A system o f recommendations can be provided to a farmer to help them in crop cultivation with the help o f data mining. To implement such an approach, crops are recommended based on its climatic factors and quantity. Data Analytics paves a way to evolve useful extraction from agricultural database. Crop Dataset has been analyzed and recommendation of crops is done based on productivity and season.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

- Soil Analysis, Crop Recommendation, Machine Learning, Agricultural Informatics, Data Preprocessing, Supervised Learning, Python Programming, Predictive Analytics, Smart Agriculture, Decision Support System, Precision Farming, Algorithms MobilenetV2 Network,Decsion tree,Random forest

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bharat me Social media ke Paravdhan - Rajniti ke Sandarbh me

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bharat me Social media ke Paravdhan - Rajniti ke Sandarbh me

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India's approach to transgender rights have undergone a paradigmatic transformation from cultural acknowledgment in pre-colonial society, colonial criminalization to constitutional recognition as "third gender" through the landmark Supreme Court judgment in National Legal Services Authority v. UOI (2014). This transition represented significant judicial and legislative progress and breakthrough, culminating in the enactment of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 r/w Rules, 2020, which established a statutory framework prohibiting discrimination and mandating welfare provisions across education, employment, and healthcare sectors. However, this advancement conceals a profound disconnect between formal legal recognition and the lived realities of transgender individuals who continue to face entrenched social stigma, systemic discrimination, economic marginalization, and inadequate implementation of protective legislation. The paper systematically elucidates and discusses: the meaning, conceptual clarity surrounding the definitions and various categories making up the transgender spectrum; by tracing the historical trajectory of transgender marginalization to recognition in India; the constitutional and statutory architecture establishing transgender rights in India; by highlighting role of the judiciary in bolstering the transgender rights and empowering the transgender community; by addressing the persistent hardships and challenges faced by transgenders across intersecting domains in their day-to-day life; and additionally provides policy recommendations for substantive legal reforms. The research paper employs doctrinal research methodology by describing and explaining constitutional provisions, judicial precedents and related statute, supplemented by secondary sources like articles, books, journals, newspapers, reports, etc.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

constitutional protection, gender identity, NALSA judgment, judicial precedents, social-stigmatization, third gender, transgender, transgender rights, Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Monika Ali's Brick Lane is a potent mix of bleak fortitude, conflicting cultures and wonderful lyrical passages. This successful novel was shortlisted for Man Booker Prize. It depicts the miserable condition of Bangladeshi woman in England. The feminist writer urges equal right for women in male dominant society. Mary Wollstonecraft, Virginia Woolf and Simone de Beauvoir are trying to give a new kind of awakening and consciousness among women in the present era. The present paper explores the transformation of Nazneen and the feminist voices in the novel. The novel shows great transformation in the character from a compliant, dependent wife into a self-reliant, empowered individual. The study discusses the complex interplay between culture, gender, and identity and emphasizes the nature of empowerment in diverse cultural country. It has also focuses on challenges faced by women in patriarchal society.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Feminism, empowerment, culture, identity, patriarchal.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Genotoxic Impurities, Mutagenic Impurities, ICH M7 Guideline, Threshold of Toxicological Concern, LC-MS, GC-MS, Ames Test, QSAR, Nitrosamines, Pharmaceutical Safety

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Background: Rasavaha Srotas is the principal channel for nutrient transport (Rasa Dhatu) in Ayurveda. Its vitiation (Srotodushti) manifests through a spectrum of symptoms described in classical texts, but a standardized, validated assessment tool is lacking. Aim: To develop and validate the Rasavaha Srotodushti Assessment Scale (RSAS) questionnaire. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The 13-item scale was derived from classical Ayurvedic literature and validated through face, content, and construct validation with ten experts. Internal consistency, item-total correlations, and factor analysis suitability were assessed in 108 participants. Severity was categorized using arbitrary cutoffs: Mild (13-30), Moderate (31-48), and Severe (49-65). Results: The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's ? = 0.916). Content validity was high (S-CVI/Ave = 0.93). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure was 0.862, and Bartlett's test was significant (p < 0.001), confirming factorability. Severity distribution was: Mild 73.1%, Moderate 23.1%, and Severe 3.7%. Conclusion: The RSAS is a valid, reliable, and clinically applicable tool for assessing Rasavaha Srotodushti, suitable for use in screening, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring in Ayurvedic practice and research

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Rasavaha Srotas, Rasavaha Srotodushti, Rasavaha Srotodushti Assessment Scale, Dhatu ,Ayurvedic Questionnaire, Validation, Srotodushti Lakshana Scale , Srotodushti Questionnaire ,Clinical Assessment Tool, channels,srotas.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Rapid evolvement of artificial intelligence has powered innovations in conversational systems, intelligent Automation,and Immersive Training Platforms are enabling new forms of human-AI collaboration. This work presents A Multi-LLM Intelligent Task Execution aPowered Expressive Assistant system that integrates various large language models (LLMs) to enable the delivery of adaptive, multilingual, and context-sensitive interactions while Orchestrate complex workflows by combining natural language processing, multimodal understanding, and robotics automate processes to support dynamic decision-making, process optimization, and personalized guidance. Unlike traditional chatbots, Or single-model solutions, architecture uses the Complementary strengths of multiple LLMs in order to be expressive. Communication and execution of intelligent tasks over various domains. The fields that may be benefited from this are customer care, education, health care, and industrial training, where the assistant does the following: breaks down instructions, thereby automatically generating step-by-step instructions. It will help the accountants to reduce repetitive tasks, improves efficiency and accuracy, and ensures compliance. The work points to the potential of multi-LLM architectures to advance intelligent automation and shape the next generation of more expressive and human-centric AI systems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Multi-LLM, Intelligent Task Execution

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Depression remains one of the most prevalent and disabling mental health disorders globally. Despite the availability of diverse treatment modalities, many patients fail to achieve full remission, highlighting the need for integrated therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes evidence from ten major review articles encompassing pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and adjunctive treatments. The analysis emphasizes a personalized, multimodal approach that combines psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, lifestyle interventions, and emerging biological therapies to optimize outcomes in both general and treatment-resistant depression cases.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Depression, Therapeutic Strategies, Pharmacological, Non-Pharmacological, Psychotherapy, Relaxation Techniques, Treatment-Resistant Depression

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The ability of the body's systems to process and respond to prescription medications is influenced greatly by the presence of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut bacteria have both directly or indirectly an effect on how a person metabolizes medications; they alter the effectiveness and safety of any given medication. In some cases the gut bacteria are necessary to activate certain medications. For example, prodrugs that contain the azo group are metabolized by the presence of bacteria to their active form sulfanilamide. In addition to activating some drugs, the gut flora are also responsible for many other types of biochemical changes to drugs, including acetylation, deacylation, decarboxylation, dehydroxylation, demethylation, and dehalonation. The gut flora also undergo conjugate hydrolysis, which is associated with many forms of drug-induced toxicity. Furthermore, gut flora have indirect effects upon drug metabolism and thereby influence how and where drugs are distributed, eliminated, and/or metabolized by their hosts by producing metabolites that compete with the prescribed medications for the same pathways. Additionally, there are reciprocal relationships between the gut microorganism and medications that can alter the composition of the gut flora and overall health of the gut. These relationships illustrate the interconnectedness of human biology with these small living things.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gut microbiota,Drug metabolism,Prodrugs,Azo-reductase,Conjugate hydrolysis,Microbial metabolites,Drug-induced toxicity,Reciprocal interactions

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The hands are the primary routes of transmission of infection to patients. Hence, it brings up the use the antiseptic for hand washing purposes. Herbs are known to have antimicrobial properties thus utilization of such herbs as antimicrobial agent is a common practice now. Present study involves formulation of herbal hand Wash using extract of Neem, Tulsi and Aloe vera. The results may be attributed to the phytoconstituents present in the extracts. The formulation also evaluated for the quality parameters.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hand wash, Herbal formulation, Neem and Aloe Vera.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Partition Studies has long relied on political documents, elite memoirs, and official narratives to understand the violent division of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. Urvashi Butalia's The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India (1998) radically redefined this field by foregrounding oral testimonies, personal narratives, and marginalised voices--particularly those of women, Dalits, and children. By documenting silenced stories of abduction, rape, forced conversions, and familial violence, Butalia complicates traditional histories that often focus narrowly on statecraft and diplomacy. This article explores how The Other Side of Silence reshaped Partition historiography, challenging dominant paradigms by situating trauma, memory, and gendered violence at its core. The book's methodology of oral history allows for a democratization of historical knowledge, offering space for subaltern voices that had been excluded. In doing so, it exposes the intersection of gender, community, and power during the Partition and demonstrates how silence itself becomes a historical text. This research examines the transformative impact of Butalia's work on Partition Studies, tracing its role in shaping feminist historiography, trauma studies, and memory discourse in South Asia. It argues that Butalia's intervention shifts Partition Studies from a state-centered narrative to a people-centered narrative, redefining both the sources and the ethics of history.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Partition, Oral history, Gender, Memory, Silence, Subaltern

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the combined effects of selected independent variables self-concept (low and high), achievement motivation (low and high), and attitude (low and high) on the academic achievement of secondary school students. The sample consisted of 300 students randomly selected from nine secondary schools in the Chennai Educational District. The findings revealed a significant interaction effect of gender (male and female), location (rural and urban), and type of management (aided and government) on academic achievement. The study also found significant interaction effects of self-concept, achievement motivation, and attitude on students' academic achievement. However, no significant interaction effect was observed between achievement motivation and attitude on academic achievement. Overall, the results indicate that gender and type of school management significantly influence academic achievement, whereas locale does not show a significant independent effect. In contrast, psychological variables self-concept, achievement motivation, and attitude-exerted significant independent and interaction effects, highlight their dominant role in determining students' academic achievement.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Self-Concept, Achievement Motivation, Attitude and Academic achievement

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

With time, people are likely to have a specific style of work, and specific behavioral characteristics are established as a part of their character. Most of these habits and qualities are usually overlooked despite the fact they might not be well received by other people. According to studies conducted by reputable authors, the issue that has been established by the scholars pertains to the capacity of a good manager to give feedback to his or her subordinates. One of the important management skills that can only be perfected with time is the ability to offer effective feedback. Feedback throughout the corporate structure is very extensive and necessary. It is clear that a team member who receives feedback in time by the manager will be more involved when compared to the team member who rarely gets information regarding his performance against the expectations of the supervisor. These insights help the employees to make the required behavioral changes and corrections, which subsequently increase morale and raises the level of confidence. It also develops confidence between the staff and their managers. The satisfaction of employees with performance appraisal systems is of critical importance when it comes to motivation, retention, and quality of care among medical workers in critical environments. This paper will explore the perception of appraisal practices in two institutional settings, namely, the teaching hospitals of the tertiary care, where the emphasis is on making academic contributions and following clinical guidelines, and the corporate hospitals, where the emphasis lies on efficiency, patient satisfaction and competitiveness within the organization. Through the investigations of the satisfaction levels, the perception of fairness, and the effects of appraisal outcomes on the professional growth, this study shows how the appraisal systems influence morale and job commitment within high-stress, critical care scenarios. The results underline the need to establish clear, positive and context pertinent appraisal systems that balance institutional objectives and personal development, hence establishing workforce retention and enhancing the quality of patient care in both the teaching and corporate healthcare settings.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Employee Satisfaction, Performance Appraisal, Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Corporate Hospital

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study investigates the relationship between Self-confidence and Speaking Skills among undergraduate students with the aim of exploring how psychological factors like self- confidence affect language competence and academic contexts. Employing a correlational research design, Data was collected from 30 undergraduate students of Trinity College Jalandhar, Punjab. The tools used are Self Confidence inventory by Dr. Rekha Gupta and self-prepared speaking skill modules. Statistical analysis including Pearson product-moment correlation was conducted to determine the relationship between the two variables and the findings revealed that higher levels of self-confidence are associated with better speaking performance. This shows that self-confidence play a very crucial role in enhancing oral communication skills especially in academic settings. The study highlights the importance of integrating self-confidence strategies into the curriculum to improve communicative competence among undergraduate students. Implications for teachers, curriculum designers and language trainers are also discussed in the study.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Self-confidence, speaking skills, undergraduate students

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Bhaona is a unique traditional theatrical art form from Assam that emerged in the 15th-16th century with the influence of Srimanta Sankardeva and his follower Madhavdeva. Originating from the Neo-Vaishnavite movement, Bhaona was first showcased in Namghars and satras as a way to disseminate religious teachings and ethical principles through tales from the epics and Puranas. The performance is characterized by its distinct elements including Ankiya Naat, the incorporation of Borgeet, elaborate costumes, intricate masks, and the Sutradhar, who leads the audience through the story. Traditionally, Bhaona highlighted devotion, community involvement, and the safeguarding of Assamese cultural identity. With time, Bhaona has experienced notable changes while maintaining its essential essence. Through social change, urbanization, and engagement with contemporary theatre, the themes, performance venues, and presentation methods of Bhaona have broadened. Although mythological tales are still key, current topics and straightforward narratives have also been incorporated into today's performances. Contemporary lighting, audio equipment, stage setups, and scripted conversations have rendered Bhaona more appealing and accessible to today's viewers, particularly the youth. In this paper it has been tried to explore historical perspective of evolution of Bhoan through different phases of time. Moreover, it also tried to express that the contemporary form, of Bhaona maintains a harmony between tradition and innovation. Performances are currently held in auditoriums, festivals, and also on national and international stages, highlighting Assamese culture beyond local limits.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bhaona, Tradition, stages of development , Assam etc.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Digital transformation has significantly altered the way organizations attract and recruit talented employees. In the contemporary job market, potential candidates rely heavily on online platforms such as company websites, social media, LinkedIn, and employer review portals to evaluate organizations before applying for jobs. This study examines the impact of digital employer branding on attracting high-quality talent. Digital employer branding refers to the perception of an organization as an employer, created through digital communication channels. The study uses secondary data collected from journals, corporate reports, recruitment portals, and prior research studies to analyze how digital branding influences job seekers' attraction, trust, and application intentions. The findings indicate that strong digital employer branding improves organizational reputation, enhances applicant quality, and reduces recruitment cost and time. The study concludes that companies with well-managed digital employer branding strategies are more successful in attracting skilled and qualified candidates in a competitive labor market.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital employer branding, talent acquisition, online recruitment, organizational reputation, human resource management.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition