Volume 8 | Issue 12

 Abstract

The Indian Ccnstitution in Part III provides equal political rights to all the citizens of India, including women. However, these rights are usurped and seized mainly by the male population of India. While women constitutes about 48 percent of the population (Census, 2011), their political representation in the 16th Lok Sabha consist only of 11.8 percent, which is the highest percentage in the history of independent India. According to a study conducted by Inter-Parliamentary Union, India ranks 149th in a list of 193 countries in terms of women�s representation in the lower House (Lok Sabha) of Parliament as of July 1, 2017. To increase the number of women representation in the Parliament, a bill has been introduced several times and is known as the 108th Amendment bill of the Constitution (2008). The bill aims to raise the voices of women in both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha) as well as in the State assemblies by one-third. This paper seeks to draw the attention on this particular bill and its purpose to improve the representation of women in the political field. There are various reasons behind under-representation of women in India in the political field. Does the bill has provisions to ensure that the voices of Indian women representatives are heard in the decision-making process? Will this bill ensure assertion of their political right? The bill argues it will provide reservation for women representatives to take part in the political process. Does it violate the right of equal opportunities in the political realm? The paper would inquire about all these queries.

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India, Lok Sabha, Political Representation, Rajya Sabha, Reservation, Women Leaders, Under-representation.

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- Joining of dissimilar metals has discovered its utilization widely in power age, electronic, atomic reactors, petrochemical and substance ventures mostly to get customized properties in a part and decrease in weight. Anyway productive welding of divergent metals has represented a significant test because of contrast in thermo-mechanical and synthetic properties of the materials to be joined under a typical welding condition. This causes a precarious inclination of the thermomechanical properties along the weld. An assortment of issues come up in different welding like breaking, enormous weld leftover anxieties, relocation of particles during welding causing pressure focus on one side of the weld, compressive and tractable warm burdens, stress erosion splitting, and so forth.

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dissimilar welding; stress corrosion cracking; thermal stress; residual stress.

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Automatic recognition of people is a challenging problem which has received much attention during recent years due to its many applications in different fields. Face recognition is one of those challenging problems and up to date, there is no technique that provides a robust solution to all situations. This paper presents a new technique for human face recognition. This technique uses an image-based approach towards artificial intelligence by removing redundant data from face images through image compression using the two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D-DCT). The DCT extracts features from face images based on skin color. Feature-vectors are constructed by computing DCT coefficients. A self-organizing map (SOM) using an unsupervised learning technique is used to classify DCT-based feature vectors into groups to identify if the subject in the input image is �present� or �not present� in the image database. Face recognition with SOM is carried out by classifying intensity values of grayscale pixels into different groups. Evaluation was performed in MATLAB using an image database of 25 face images, containing five subjects and each subject having 5 images with different facial expressions. After training for approximately 850 epochs the system achieved a recognition rate of 81.36% for 10 consecutive trials. The main advantage of this technique is its high-speed processing capability and low computational requirements, in terms of both speed and memory utilization. Keywords�Face recognition, discrete cosine transform, self-organizing map, neural network, artificial intelligence.

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Face Organ detection using CNN

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The influence of social media has increased tremendously on our day to day life from last few years. On an average in India we spent 3hours, 30 minutes per day or 70.1% of daily media life. It has a direct impact on our cultural beliefs and social habits. People use social media for many things, such as socialising, finding and information sharing. It has revolutionised the way people communicate and socialise on web. The use of social media is increased in the electoral political culture also. From 2014 general election, the traditional election campaign strategy has been replaced by social media management by candidate. It is now a common exercise by the students� election candidates also to use social platform to reach the voters.

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Social media, influence, culture

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COVID-19 pandemic is an unanticipated challenge worldwide. India is confronting sudden challenge situation because the number of infected/positive cases is increasing day by day. With strict preventive measures and restrictions by the Indian Government with the imposition of nationwide lockdown, the citizens are experiencing a variety of psychological and emotional reactions, fear, and uncertainty being one of them. The daily routine of the citizen has been changed to a different scenario of staying within the home. This sudden changing scenario impacted on the wellbeing of people. This study aimed at finding the emotional & psychological challenges facing by people under the situation of lockdown. The study was motivated by the need to understand how the COVID19 pandemic has affected mental health, emotional changes, and wellbeing. The researchers used a convenience sample, recruited via emails with a questionnaire to collect data. The study is limited to Bangalore, the capital city of Karnataka.

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Covid-19, pandemic, mental health, psychological distress, wellbeing

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Arts absolutely produced by human, it is fact in sense of all conclusion. Although our mentality recognition confirm through the physical performance. Because so called, we admire over the human character that why human or any living category impressed to it ? It is not so satisfactory or easy to reach at the real point. Fine arts defined in ethical, spiritual, professional, academics and entertainment on the basis of right application with technique. Firstly, we consider over the arts apparently that what should be branches of arts like fine arts? Fine art in sense or terms disclosed in two parts first �Performing art� second �Visual art�. Both are the activities of human beings which gives the full happiness and reliance in the day to day life. Prospective discussion can be chased to duo performance. It may be ab initio or the last of session, no any criticism can be launched as questionnaire.

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Visual Arts, Performing Art, Trade, Talent, Media,.Education

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Retinopathy, clinical, ophthalmology, machine learning, classification

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This research studies the effect of rock physics and mechanics on the potential for erosion in the disposal area of coal mines. The research data is secondary data in the form of geotechnical data from the geotechnical laboratory of PT. Bukit Asam. The physical properties analyzed in this study were water content and particle size distribution, while the mechanical properties analyzed in this study were plasticity index and shear stress. The correlation between physics and rock mechanics properties against erosion potential is calculated using empirical equations, while the magnitude and effect of correlation among the three calculated using Pearson correlation SPSS version 16. Based on this analysis it is known that there is a very strong positive influence between the plasticity index of the shear stress, with a value of R� = 0. 9955 or has a correlation of 0.998. While the shear stress has a strong influence with the erodibility coefficient of R� = 0.7225 or with a correlation level of 0.85. The correlation between the two is negative, which means erodibility coefficient decreases with increasing critical shear stress

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disposal, erosion, physics properties, mechanics propertie, rock

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Abstract: India has achieved self-sufficiency in foodgrains production, but the accessibility to food by the poor has been a major problem. The mere availability of food with government agencies is of little use if it is not accessible by the poor and those who need it most. The accessibility to the PDS foodgrains depends on both demand and supply-side factors. Perception and awareness at the household level play a crucial role in asserting their demand for their entitlement. Well aware and informed households bargain effectively with Fair Price Shops (FPS) dealers, assert their demand, and not let their PDS quota without purchase. Awareness among the households is low in the district, and households get confused about prices, quantity, and commodities. The PDS dealers have been the main source of confusion for the cardholders. The use of technology in the PDS may lower corruption and improve PDS functioning, but it created some hurdles for the cardholders and some points of times become the source of exclusion for the households. Aadhaar Based Biometric Authentication through the �Point of Scale� (PoS) machine created many hurdles for the beneficiaries. An alternative system to the PoS machine should be there to authenticate the beneficiaries. The government agencies and the NGOs should come forward to create mass level awareness among the cardholders to curve out the leakages and every form of corruption from the PDS.

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Key Words: Food Security, the PDS, Perception, Awareness, Access

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Indonesia is a country that is classified as just starting the era of independent space flight research, especially in the development of rocketry. One of the obstacles to the development of rocket technology in Indonesia is the limited funds and the high cost of rocket fuel. The purpose of this scientific work is to produce alternative space rocket fuels that have a strong but economical thrust for rocket technology produced from used cooking oil and rice straw - one of the biggest waste. Used cooking oil contains glycerides which have a long carbon chain, namely esters between glycerol and carboxylic acids which can be used as alternative fuels for rockets. In the use of used cooking oil as a rocket propellant in solid form which tends to be more practical in its manufacture and use, it is necessary to use the oil binding media which is flammable in order to increase the effectiveness of the propellant namely cellulose. In this study used cooking oil is obtained through accumulation of household waste. Then carried out two stages of testing, namely the fuel production test phase to determine the potential of raw materials namely used cooking oil and rice straw as alternative space rocket fuel, the variables seen in this test are ease of production and fuel safety and static tests carried out to determine the magnitude of the power propellant seen from thrust and thrust-weight ratio of rocket fuel tested. Obtained the value of thrust and the highest thrust-weight ratio obtained on the R9 engine, respectively 187.37 - 471.10 Kg and 176.30 - 440.61 for the thrust-weight ratio. The results of the two stages of testing show that the combination of used cooking oil, rice straw and liquid oxygen as an oxidizer can be used as alternative rocket fuels which are relatively safe, economical, and high thrust power.

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Used cooking oil; Rice straw; Alternative energy; Efficient rocket; Food waste.

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student centric, motivation, high school students, summative evaluation.

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Health is one of the most essential and most important factors of human life. At times, we cannot really pay price for good health. These days, we come across many people who have been and are experiencing kidney stones, and as a result, they experience excruciating pain. It is really hard to delineate about the pain when one experiences kidney stones. It is very difficult, indeed to even sit or take any comfortable posture while experiencing or going through such situation. Kidney stones are crystallized foreign bodies, soft to touch, and are formed in the urinary tract or in the kidneys. The shape of kidney stones is always crystallized and we can easily crush them into soft mud when they are outside of human body. These tiny objects are foreign objects that generate severe pain and discomfort, and in simple terms, human body does not accept any foreign elements or objects entering into physical body or being formed in the body. It immediately reacts through the channel of pain, which is excruciating. Kidney stones are basically calcium oxalates deposits and are present in most of the adult population in the world today. These crystallized deposits keep forming again and again. One of the puzzling questions can be as to why these stones keep forming only within the kidneys. Human body is a complex machine. On a daily basis, we ingest and consume some quantity of food and liquids. The human body is at work and starts the process of digestion, then, the food is broken into small particles and into bits and pieces into almost liquid form. It then transfers to different organs and next, some of the solid mass is converted into energy, some into blood and so on. The remaining food material, which is not necessary or needed for the body is then considered waste, and thus, is thrown out of the body in the form of liquidation or feces. This is basically the function of human body, and during this process, one must take care to drink plenty of liquids in order for the flushing system to drive away waste material out of the body. In other words, one must maintain good hydration levels in order to avoid these waste materials to remain within the system. Stone formation is like, for example, one wishes to drink Horlicks or chocolate drink, then, he or she takes a hot cup of milk and mixes coco powder, and if he fails to mix the powder well, then, that powder turns into tiney stone deposits and will remain in the milk. In other words, the chocolate drink is not prepared well. Equivalently, one must not give scope for the mineral deposits to be formed, and thus, one can save oneself from these kidney stones. The objective and purpose of my study is to showcase that it is possible to treat and eliminate kidney stones naturally with the use of natural methods.

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kidney calculi, excruciating pain, emotional imbalance, epidemiology, hydration, crystallized stones, calcium oxalates deposits.

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In this paper , we review and discuss about the major biomedical subdiscipline �bioinformatics�. Specifically, in bioinformatics, the thorough with better results which are being done facilitating the new-genome wide association studies of diseases and are beneficial in health care. The explosion of the data both in the biomedical research and in the health care systems demands urgent solutions. Effective examination and understanding of large information opens new roads to investigate atomic science.with the rapidly ever increasing amount of data being generated with the advanced tools and techniques, a number of suitable ways have been simultaneously developed to handle this vast measure of information to make it satisfactory, available and orchestrated in a legitimate request for expanding the usefulness with the information.

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Big data, bioinformatics,medical

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Dengue is one of the commonest arboviral diseases worldwide. More than half a million cases of DHF occur each year with at least 12,000 deaths. Patients have a triad of symptoms: i) Haemorrhagic manifestations ii) Evidence of plasma leakage iii) Platelet count < 1 lakh/?l Respiratory complications occur in severe stages of DHF and DSS when dengue virus antigen is found in alveolar lining cells of lungs that causes an increased permeability of alveolar capillary membrane and results in ARDS. Such severe cases might result hemoconcentration and hypoalbuminemia, leading to the detection of pleural effusions and ascites. Thoracic manifestations such as pleural effusion, pneumonia, pulmonary haemorrhage and haemoptysis, and ARDS can be seen.

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Dengue, pleural effusion

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Fast dissolving drug-conveyance system were first developed during the 1970s as an option for the tablets, containers, and syrups for pediatric and geriatric patients who experience inconveniences consume solid dosage form. Fast dissolving films have become a novel way to deal with oral drug delivery conveyance system as it gives comfort and convenience oral dosage forms, for example, orally disintegrating tablets, buccal tablets, and sublingual tablets, so mouth dissolving films are picking up the interest of countless pharmaceuticals industries. Mouth dissolving films are thin solid dosage forms which, when place in the oral cavity, dissolve inside a couple of moments without biting and administration of water. The oral, buccal mucosa being profoundly vascularized, the drug can retain directly and can enter the systemic circulations without going through first-pass hepatic metabolism. This advantage can be used to improved oral bioavailability of molecules that go through first-pass impact. These oral film offer a helpful method of dosing drug pediatric, geriatric, and bedridden patients. The sublingual and buccal conveyance of a drug by means of fast dissolving film can possibly improve the onset of action, lower down the dosing, and inprove the efficacy and safety profile of medicament. An ideal film ought to have properties like pleasent taste, high stability, and simplicity of taking care of. The current review gives a record of different plan techniques and their assessment utilized in film details and uses of mouth dissolving films.

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Oral film, Method of preparation, Disintegration, Dissolution rate

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The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the normal pace of life and no person is immune to its effects. But the world is running a race to find the cure for it. This pandemic is a challenge for consumers, companies and governments. But COVID-19 is not the only problem that hampered our lives this year. The climate crisis took a toll on us as too. Unlike COVID-19, the climate crisis does not have a cure, until and unless we change our ways of life. This paper is a viewpoint on how we have steered clear of the climate crisis and diverted our focus completely towards the pandemic.

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COVID-19, Climate Crisis

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The textile sector plays a significant role in Indian economy through its contribution to industrial output, employment generation and the export earnings of the country. Mumbai has ranks second in India in respect of production of cotton; accounts for 20% of the country�s total cotton production. Cotton is an important cash crop in the state comprises around 3 million farmers in cultivation. Textile industry is an imperative agro-based industry, in context of employment creation, national GDP and export earnings in the country. The purpose of the present research is to explain a Growth and Developmental Issues of Textile Industries in Mumbai Land Areas. This study combines both primary and secondary research methods. Thus, gathering and analyzing the data will be done on the basis of existing research. The cloth production in decentralized area has been expanded enormously in the course of the most recent multiyear in India, especially in Mumbai. The basic aim of this paper is to highlight the female force participation in these industries and to understand their protective rights.

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Textile, Female, Mumbai

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The study was conducted to evaluate the role of extradural volume on intrathecally administered local anaesthetic agent. Aim of study: To find out the quality and extent of block with intrathecal bupivacaine by adding epidural normal saline as compared with extradural bupivacaine. Patients & Methods: The study was conducted on ninety adult patients undergoing infra umbilical surgery. Group A ( n = 30 ) received 2ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally. Group B ( n = 30 ) received 2ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally along with 10ml normal saline epidurally. Group C ( n = 30 ) received 2ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally along with 10ml 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine epidurally. The extent and duration of block were noted along with the incidence of side effects. Results: The level of block achieved in Group A (T 9 � T 10 ) < Group B (T 7 � T 8 ) < Group C (T 4 � T 5 ). The level of sensory block regressed by two segments within 30 minutes in most of the patients in Group B, while it persisted for more than 120 minutes in all patients of Group C. Incidence of side effects was similar in all groups. Conclusion: Extradural volume only, in the form of normal saline, may be successful in increasing the extent of intrathecal block. However, it may not be adequate to allow lengthy surgery with low dose intrathecal local anaesthetic agent.

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Combined spinal epidural Epidural normal saline

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The great charm resulting from this consideration (a multi-connected universe) lies in recognition of the fact that the universe of these being is finite and yet has no limits. - Albert Einstein One of the finest question arise for everyone�s space curiosity is What is the actual shape of the universe?, If the universe has boundary or not ?, Is it finite or infinite?. And the global topology of the universe which including the question also about its volume and its connectedness. It is the fundamental issue in cosmology which has been overlooked for many years and it also proved by many scientist. In this paper, I just reviewed briefly the historical background of the Cosmic Topology. And I extended the shape of the universe that is predicted in the Fourth dimension.

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Fourth dimension(space time)

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Floods are the most common hazard to cause calamities and have led to widespread injurie and impermanence throughout the world. The impact of floods on the social community is related directly to the situation and topography of the area, as well as human demographics and characteristics of the built environment. Health outcomes were categorized into short and long-term and were found to depend on the flood characteristics and people`s vulnerability After floods, it was found there is an increased risk of disease outbreaks such as Hepatitis E abdominal disease and leptospirosis, particularly in areas with poor sanitisation and displaced populations. Mental distress in survivors can also aggravate their physical illness. There is a need for effective guidelines to reduce and prevent flood-related indisposition and humanity. Such steps are contingent upon the improved understanding of potential health impacts of floods

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flood; health, disease,Chemical, wounds and injuries,death

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