Volume 12 | Issue 12

 Abstract

Online e-commerce shopping is the practice of buying products and services from dealers using the Internet, which has grown tremendously in the last ten years. E-commerce makes it easy for customers to shop from home and is accessible anytime, anywhere. Online shopping has become a popular and convenient option for many people in India due to this trend's enormous development. This study aims to ascertain how consumers view online purchasing and how demographic variables affect their opinions. Using a straightforward sampling technique, a Google Forms questionnaire was used to gather data from 74 respondents. The findings indicate that the majority of consumers are generally happy with their online transactions and prefer online purchasing over traditional means. However, lack of ability to physically verify things and worries about disclosing private information, like debit or credit card numbers, continue to be major obstacles. Respondents said they were generally satisfied with internet purchasing despite these difficulties. The survey also emphasizes how age, gender, marital status, family size, and wealth all have a big impact on Indian consumers' online buying habits. These results offer insightful information for further study and real-world applications aimed at comprehending and enhancing the online buying experience.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

online shopping, customer perception, discrimination, electronic payment.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Introduction: Agricultural sector is an important area of the Indian economy since ancient times because agriculture is the main occupation of the people of India, agricultural sector is important in national income, employment, industrial development, foreign trade and overall economic development of the country Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. It is said that we are aware of the importance of agricultural sector in the Indian economy. The economic development of a developing nation like India is dependent on the agricultural sector's development. Although natural resources are available in India, there is a shortage of industrialization due to lack of capital. As a result, the agriculture sector has provided employment to the growing population. Employment in the agricultural and agricultural industries is available to the workers of the country. Agriculture sector has an important role to play in reducing the unemployment rate in the country. India has a large scope of capital shortage. It can be overcome by the power deficit because of the low production of capital in the agricultural sector, and can result in large scale production by investing less capital. The need for large scale foreign currency for the development of agriculture sector is not the only industrial sector. Therefore, after the independence of the Five Year Plan, India's economic development through industrial sector as well as agriculture sector has also been given importance in the Five Year Plan. To develop the economic development of the country, it is necessary to develop the country's agricultural sector first of all. If adequate development of agriculture does not come forward, the obstacles in the development of industry and services sector are created. Therefore, during the first Five Year Plans, the Planning Commission of India gave the most importance to the agriculture sector. The performance of the agricultural sector influences the growth of Indian Economy. agriculture has been a way of life and continuous to be the single most important livelihood of the masses. agriculture policy focus on India across decades has been on self- sufficiency and self-reliance in food grains production. The performance of the agricultural sector influences the growth of the Indian Economy. Agriculture has been a way of life and continues to be the single most important livelihood of the masses. Agricultural policy focus in India across decades has been on self- sufficiency and self-reliance in food grains production. Considerable progress has been made on this front food grains production rose from 52million tonnes in 1951-52 to 264.77 million tonnes in 2013-14 but slightly declined to 252.22 million tonnes in 2015. As per the new series the growth in GVA in Agriculture and allied sector was estimates at 4.2 percent for the year 2013-14. For 2014-15, this estimate stands at -0.2 percent for the year 2016-17 this growth rate has been estimated at 4.1% besides the share of agriculture and allied sector in total GDP was estimated to be 17.4 percent. For 2016-17 it has been estimated at 17. % the share of Agriculture and allied sectors in total Gross Capital Formation has been estimated at 7.7% for the year 2014-15.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Rural development, Status of Agriculture, Land reforms, Land Position.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Hathyog Sadhna Ke Paripekshya Me Aahar Ka Samikshatamk Adhayan

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hathyog Sadhna Ke Paripekshya Me Aahar Ka Samikshatamk Adhayan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat or prevent certain type of bacterial infections. Despite the fact that antibiotics have considerably increased human health and life expectancy, their alteration of the natural microbiota has been associated with serious negative effects. One such important microbiota is Lactobacillus, they are members of the normal microbial ecosystem in the intestinal tract and plays an important role in maintaining stability and diversity of the gut microbiome. Therefore, a medication that is both anti-pathogenic and shouldn't affect Lactobacillus is needed. Ferula asafoetida (Hing), an herb which has medicinal properties. The antibacterial property of F.asafoetida is tested on pus causing bacteria through Agar well diffusion method. Evaluation was done by observing the Zone of Inhibition. Further, effect of Azithromycin and F.asafoetida has been tested on Lactobacillus and observed that there was an effect of Azithromycin on Lactobacillus whereas, F.asafoetida has no adverse effect on Lactobacillus.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Antibiotics, Azithromycin, Gut microbiome, Lactobacillus, Ferula asafoetida (Hing).

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The project "Water Level Monitoring Using ESP8266, Ultrasonic Sensor, and Blynk IoT" aims to create a smart water level monitoring system capable of real-time remote monitoring. This device measures water levels in tanks or reservoirs using an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) coupled to an ESP8266 microprocessor. Data is transferred to the Blynk IoT platform, which allows clients to check water levels via a mobile app. The system is scalable, cost-effective, and offers precise and dependable monitoring for both residential and commer- cial applications. Future generations could include automated pump control, cloud data storage, and portable battery-powered operation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IoT, Blynk Server, Node Mcu

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Transgender individuals face unique challenges in workplace environments, often stemming from systemic stigma, discrimination, and a lack of understanding. These factors contribute significantly to adverse mental health outcomes, including heightened stress, anxiety, and depression. This study explores strategies for managing psychological well-being and reducing stigma for transgender employees in professional settings. Utilizing a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, the research highlights the psychological impacts of workplace dynamics on transgender individuals. It also provides actionable recommendations for creating inclusive environments. Findings reveal the critical role of supportive workplace policies, leadership commitment to inclusivity, and employee awareness programs in mitigating mental health challenges and fostering equity.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Transgender mental health, Psychological well-being, Stigma reduction,Discrimination,Organizational culture, Inclusive workplace policies, Leadership support, Peer interactions.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Laundry wastewater is the byproduct of washing clothes and linens in homes, commercial facilities, hotels, and hospitals. It contains pollutants like detergents, dirt, oils, chemicals, and microorganisms, making it harmful to the environment if discharged untreated. This study focuses on the current scenario of laundry wastewater management in Kolhapur city, examining the practices of commercial, hospital, and hotel laundries. It explores the widespread discharge of untreated wastewater into municipal systems, which contributes to environmental pollution and strains local water resources. Through surveys, case studies, and laboratory analysis of wastewater samples, the study evaluates water quality parameters range such as pH 9-10 , COD 900-1200, TDS 600-800, and TSS 60-80 which is beyond the limits of MPCB and CPCB. The waste water which is directly disposed in municipal sewer system needs immediate treatment. It also investigates the potential for adopting cost-effective and sustainable Laundry Wastewater Recycling (LWWR) systems tailored to the city's needs, aiming to reduce freshwater consumption, promote environmental conservation, and improve compliance with pollution control regulations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Laundry Waste Water Recycling (LWWR)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background and Aim: Vascular dementia, a significant cause of cognitive decline, often remains under-recognized in the general population. Nursing students, as future healthcare providers, play a crucial role in early identification and management. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of vascular dementia among B.Sc. Nursing 3rd-year students. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design was adopted for the study. The sample comprised 100 B.Sc. Nursing 3rd-year students selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings revealed that the mean pre-test knowledge score was 49.13%, while the post-test mean score increased to 82.69%. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05), indicating the effectiveness of the teaching programme. There was also a significant association between pre-test knowledge scores and variables such as age, religion, and parental education. Conclusion: The planned teaching programme significantly improved the knowledge of nursing students regarding vascular dementia. Integrating such educational interventions in nursing curricula can enhance understanding and awareness of dementia care.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

vascular dementia, nursing education, planned teaching programme, dementia prevention

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Machine Learning and Deep learning-based software tools has facilitated the creation of credible face exchanges in videos and images that leave few traces of manipulation, in what they are known as "DeepFake"(DF) videos. Manipulations of digital videos have been demonstrated for several decades through the good use of visual effects, recent advances in deep learning have led to a drastic increase in the realism of fake content and the accessibility in which it can be created. These so-called AI-synthesized media (popularly referred to as DF).

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

CNN,RNN,ML,kaggledataset

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Urban good governance focuses on efficient city management, prioritizing transparency, accountability, and active citizen engagement. It aims to safeguard fundamental rights such as access to essential services, justice, and equal opportunities. This approach fosters inclusive urban growth, improving the overall well-being and living conditions of city inhabitants.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Good Governance, Urban, Human Rights, High Commissioner, Fundamental Rights, Development

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract The gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem comprising bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, plays an integral role in maintaining human health by supporting digestion, immune modulation, and metabolic processes. With advancing age, the diversity and functionality of gut microbiota decline, a phenomenon linked to various age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegenerative conditions. Dysbiosis, characterized by microbial imbalance, exacerbates systemic inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, and reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Emerging strategies to restore microbial balance include dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Diets rich in fiber and low glycemic index foods, such as the Mediterranean diet, have demonstrated beneficial effects in maintaining microbial diversity and SCFA production. Probiotics and prebiotics further enhance gut health by promoting the growth of beneficial microbes and modulating immune responses. Additionally, synbiotics, combining probiotics with prebiotics, exhibit potential anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects. Understanding the interplay between gut microbiota, diet, and aging presents opportunities for developing personalized interventions to improve health outcomes and promote longevity. Further research integrating metagenomics and metabolomics is critical to advancing therapeutic approaches for healthy aging.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: gut microbiota, aging, dysbiosis, probiotics, prebiotics, SCFAs, Mediterranean diet, inflammation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Impurities in pharmaceuticals are a critical concern for the global healthcare industry due to their impact on drug quality, efficacy, and safety. This study discusses international methodologies for quantifying impurities such as residual solvents, inorganic substances, and organic contaminants in medicinal products. Compliance with national and international regulations necessitates the development of comprehensive impurity and purity profiles for pharmaceuticals. High-quality pharmaceuticals are essential for effective healthcare systems, as substandard drugs pose significant risks, including injury or mortality. Even minimal quantities of unwanted chemicals can compromise a drug's safety and efficacy. Pharmaceutical products are inherently dynamic; their physical and chemical properties may change between production and consumption, which underscores the importance of stringent quality assurance. Regulatory authorities worldwide are increasingly focused on ensuring pharmaceutical quality to address these concerns. Impurities in drugs can adversely affect their stability, shelf life, and safety. These unwanted substances--whether organic, inorganic, or residual solvents--may arise during formulation, aging, or manufacturing processes. Despite careful measures, impurities are often introduced during the multi-step synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Common contaminants in APIs may result from raw materials, reaction intermediates, or degradation products. Managing and minimizing impurities is crucial to maintaining drug safety and efficacy, making pharmaceutical quality a top priority in healthcare.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

QA and QC components, inventory agency, QA/QC plans, QA process, Q. Assurance Examine the process methodology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed how humans interact with their surroundings by enabling the connectivity of devices, data and people. IoT applications span across domains, such as smart homes, healthcare, transportation and industries contributing significantly to improved efficiency, convenience and sustainability. This paper explores the role of IoT in modern life, its applications, benefits, challenges and future prospects.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IoT, Smart Homes, Healthcare, Smart Cities, Industrial IoT, Energy Management, Smart Agriculture

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research critically evaluates the role of evaluation and exam structures in promoting studying results in Indian faculties, focusing on board tests, standardized testing, and continuous evaluation techniques. Using a qualitative technique, semi-structured interviews were performed with five members, consisting of college students, instructors, and a teaching professional. The study reveals that while standardized exams ensure uniform instructional standards and inspire students, they also create sizeable strain and pressure, negatively impacting college students' mental health and encouraging rote memorization over deep gaining knowledge. The findings highlight the want for reforms, suggesting a discount in the emphasis on high-stakes checks and the incorporation of continuous assessment techniques, including assignment-based learning and realistic assessments, to offer a greater complete assessment of school students' skills. Additionally, they have a look at emphasizing the significance of professional development for instructors to put into effect those methods efficaciously. The research concludes that a more balanced and holistic assessment method can better support students' ordinary well-being and sell a lifelong love for studying.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

EDUCATION POLICY

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The mechanical framework of the robotic arm is made up of several interconnected parts that replicate the way a human arm would naturally move. To assure durability and reduce weight, high-strength materials like carbon fiber and aluminum alloys were chosen. Strong electric motors drive the arm's joints, which also have sensors that give feedback on force, velocity, and position. Furthermore, the arm can be equipped with a variety of end-effectors to carry out certain functions like grabbing, welding, or painting

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ROBOTIC ARM ,MOTION CONTROL

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

**Abstract** Nanocrystals have emerged as a transformative approach in HIV therapy, addressing key challenges in drug delivery and efficacy. These submicron particles enhance the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble antiretroviral drugs, improving therapeutic outcomes. Nanocrystals facilitate targeted delivery, ensuring sustained drug release and reducing dosing frequency, which can enhance patient adherence. Additionally, their ability to penetrate biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, provides an advantage in eradicating latent HIV reservoirs. Recent studies demonstrate that nanocrystal formulations can minimize systemic toxicity and drug resistance by maintaining consistent drug levels in plasma and tissues. Their versatility allows for incorporation into oral, injectable, and topical formulations. Despite promising preclinical and clinical results, challenges such as large-scale production, stability, and regulatory considerations need to be addressed. This review highlights the potential of nanocrystals as a game-changing tool in HIV therapy, offering new avenues for improving treatment efficacy and quality of life for patients.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Nanocrystals, HIV therapy, drug delivery, bioavailability, antiretroviral drugs, sustained release

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Earthship Library concept integrates sustainable design principles to create an eco-friendly and energy-efficient community learning space. Utilizing natural energy resources such as solar and wind energy, passive lighting, and rainwater harvesting systems, the library aims to reduce its environmental footprint while promoting sustainability. By incorporating recycled materials and innovative architectural techniques, the Earthship Library leverages renewable energy for power, natural ventilation for cooling, and harvested rainwater for water needs. This model not only fosters resource conservation but also serves as an educational hub to raise awareness about sustainable living. As a practical demonstration of green infrastructure, the Earthship Library showcases the potential for self-sufficient public spaces, combining environmental stewardship with functional utility to inspire broader adoption of sustainable practices.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Earthship Library, sustainable design, renewable energy, solar energy, wind energy, natural lighting, rainwater harvesting, eco-friendly architecture, energy efficiency, recycled materials, green infrastructure, self-sufficient public spaces, environmental awareness.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Hand gesture recognition and eye tracking technologies are rapidly advancing, offering alternative and innovative methods for human- computer interaction. This project explores the integration of hand gesture recognition and eye-tracking systems for seamless keyboard operation. By leveraging computer vision and machine learning techniques, the system interprets hand gestures for typing commands and tracks eye movements for cursor navigation, enabling users with limited mobility to interact with computers efficiently.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hand gesture recognition, eye tracking, human-computer interaction, accessibility, machine learning, computer vision.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores the evolving relationship between democracy and social justice, analysing current global trends, challenges, and opportunities for both. As democracy faces an array of complex threats--including the rise of authoritarianism, democratic backsliding, populism, political polarization, and media manipulation--its ability to ensure social justice is increasingly under strain. Key challenges to social justice within democratic contexts, such as economic inequality, racial discrimination, gender inequality, and access to healthcare and education, are examined in depth. The paper discusses how these systemic injustices undermine democratic values of equality and political participation. Furthermore, it highlights the role of inclusive citizenship, education, and the protection of human rights as fundamental pillars in strengthening both democracy and social justice.The paper also addresses the profound impacts of globalization on democratic governance and social justice, particularly in the context of economic inequality, migration, and environmental justice. It emphasizes the need for democratic nations to not only protect domestic social justice but also advocate for global justice through international cooperation. Finally, the paper explores potential solutions to these challenges, such as electoral reforms, civic engagement, and institutional strengthening, while underscoring the importance of addressing the interrelated nature of local and global social justice issues. Through these analyses, the paper argues that a truly democratic society must go beyond political participation, ensuring equitable access to resources and opportunities for all citizens, particularly marginalized groups.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Democracy, Social Justice, Economic Inequality, Political Participation, Discrimination, Globalization

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores mobile salons as a modern solution to the growing demand for beauty services, emphasising their ability to offer 24-hour convenience and easy mobility to reach customer locations. It examines the current limitations of mobile salon designs, which are often modelled after vanity vans and lack creativity. The research highlights a lack of modern facilities in existing mobile salon units and proposes the development of a fully functional, mobile, and easily manoeuvred salon that can meet the diverse mobility needs of clients. Additionally, the study recommends implementing a simple booking system to improve usability and expand the scope for end-users. By addressing the existing shortcomings, this research identifies improvements that could revolutionise the mobile beauty service industry, helping meet new customer needs and enhancing the profitability and effectiveness of mobile salons.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Movable salon, compact salon design, 24-hour service, Lightweight materials, Santorini style.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition