Volume 13 | Issue 12

 Abstract

Abstract Blended learning--mixing classroom teaching with online tasks--has quickly gained ground in higher education; students might discuss ideas in person one day and log in for a virtual lab the next. This study looks at how combining online and in-person teaching affects college students' grades, tracking results from classes where laptops hum beside the buzz of conversation. Researchers studied undergraduate students taking specific courses that blended traditional classroom sessions with online lessons, like watching recorded lectures and meeting in person for group projects. We used a quasi-experimental design and gathered data from student performance records, survey responses, and quick classroom observations--the scratch of pencils still fresh in the air. Students who experienced blended learning showed stronger grades, stayed more engaged, and took charge of their own study habits--often diving into assignments late into the evening--than those in standard classroom setups. Students said the freedom to reach their lessons online helped them grasp ideas more clearly and juggle their time better--like reviewing a tricky formula over coffee at midnight. Still, they found obstacles like low digital literacy and spotty internet connections--sometimes the signal cut out mid-call. The study finds that when blended learning is thoughtfully designed and backed by solid training and reliable tech--like fast, glitch-free software--it can make a real difference in how well students perform. We suggest ways to strengthen faculty development programs and campus policies so blended learning becomes a lasting part of higher education--like ensuring every classroom hums with both online and in-person energy.

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Keywords: Blended learning, academic performance, higher education, student engagement, online learning,

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Turtles All the Way Down by John Green explores the inner world of Aza Holmes, a teenage girl who struggles with persistent anxiety and obsessive thoughts. The novel emphasizes Aza's internal experiences, portraying her psychological struggle as a form of mental confinement. Mental confinement refers to the repetitive and uncontrollable thoughts that dominate Aza's mind, creating fear, doubt, and emotional tension. Intrusive thoughts repeatedly enter her consciousness, shaping her actions and limiting her emotional freedom, while isolating her within her own mind. Through moments of self-reflection, Aza begins to question the validity of her fears and recognize patterns in her intrusive thinking. This questioning does not eliminate her anxiety but allows her to manage it more effectively and reduces the intensity of emotional distress. Emotional support from friends and loved ones further aids her in coping with these struggles, highlighting the importance of interpersonal relationships in navigating mental challenges. By focusing on awareness and emotional endurance rather than complete recovery, the novel presents a realistic portrayal of psychological struggle. This study demonstrates that Green's narrative fosters understanding and empathy, showing that mental confinement and intrusive thoughts are ongoing challenges that can be approached with reflection and support. Ultimately, the novel emphasizes resilience and relational care as key elements in enduring mental struggle.

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Aza Holmes, Mental confinement, Intrusive thoughts, Anxiety, Resilience, Coping strategies.

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The traditional landscape of pedagogy is undergoing a profound 'Digital Renaissance,' a transformative era where the integration of advanced technology is not merely an additive tool but a fundamental catalyst for structural change. This paper explores the multidimensional role of integrated technology--encompassing Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR), and Big Data analytics--in redefining the relationship between educator, learner, and curriculum. Historically, education operated on a localized, one-size-fits-all model. The current technological shift has shattered these barriers, facilitating personalized learning pathways that adapt in real-time to a student's cognitive pace and style. By leveraging AI-driven platforms, educators can make transition from primary information deliverers to facilitators of critical thinking, while data analytics allow for early intervention and precision in tracking student development. Furthermore, immersive technologies like VR bridge the gap between abstract theory and experiential practice, providing students with access to simulated environments that were previously inaccessible or cost-prohibitive. However, this renaissance is not without its complexities. The paper critically examines the digital divide, noting that while technology offers the promise of democratization, it risks exacerbating existing socioeconomic disparities if infrastructure and digital literacy are not addressed equitably. Ethical considerations regarding data privacy and the potential for algorithmic bias also necessitate a robust regulatory framework. Ultimately, the Digital Renaissance represents a shift toward a holistic, interconnected educational ecosystem. It concludes that for technology to truly reshape education for the better, the focus must remain on "human-centric" integration--ensuring that digital tools amplify human potential rather than replace the essential social and emotional nuances of the learning experience.

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Digital renaissance; Integrated technology; Modern education; Educational digitization

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Abstract Background: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) remains a major public health issue in developing countries, particularly affecting children under five years of age. Rural areas, such as Farrukhabad, often face challenges related to inadequate maternal knowledge, limited access to healthcare, and poor nutritional practices. Enhancing mothers' awareness is crucial to prevent and manage PEM effectively. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the existing knowledge of rural mothers regarding Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving their understanding. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test was adopted. The study was conducted among 60 rural mothers of under-five children in selected villages of Farrukhabad using purposive sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge before and after a structured teaching program on PEM. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The pre-test findings revealed that a majority of mothers had inadequate knowledge about the causes, signs, prevention, and management of PEM. After the educational intervention, there was a statistically significant improvement in the post-test knowledge scores (p < 0.05). The mean post-test score was notably higher than the mean pre-test score, indicating the effectiveness of the teaching program.

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? Assess: The process used to identify the level of knowledge of rural mother of under five-year children regarding protein energy malnutrition ? Knowledge: The information regarding protein energy malnutrition elicited through structured knowledge questionnaire ? Rural: It refers to the village Community ? Protein energy malnutrition: A range of pathological conditions arising from coincident lack of varying proportions of protein and calories, occurring most frequently in infants and young

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The availability and accessibility of safe drinking water are major challenges for tribal-dominated mountainous regions, which still persist due to undulating terrain, dense forest cover, dispersed settlements, complex socio-economic conditions, etc. To overcome these challenges, Govt. of India has taken an initiative to provide safe drinking water to every rural household through the introduction of the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) in 2019. This study aims to assess the impacts of the JJM scheme on the availability, accessibility, reliability and quality of the water supply and its impact on socio-economic conditions, health improvement and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.1. Results indicate that, provision of safe drinking water within the household premises has increased five-fold between 2011 and 2025, which drastically changed the scenario of drinking water supply for this region. It also helped significantly in achieving SDG 6.1 through the provision of a safe and reliable drinking water supply. This scheme has significantly improved the health condition of this region by reducing the occurrence of water-borne diseases since pre-implementation time. Even it helps to save he amount of man-day hours earlier lost due to collecting water from far distances. Overall, it helps to improve women's empowerment by reducing their burden of collecting water from far distances. The spatial variability of the implementation of this scheme also shows that context-specific project planning is required for getting full benefit from these types of infrastructure-related project rather than universal models. Overall, this study shows a positive impact of the JJM scheme on long-term issues related to water supply for this region.

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Jal Jeevan Mission; Darjeeling Himalayan Region; Health condition; well-being; Safe drinking water; Sustainable Development Goals

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GRDDS represents a pioneering approach within the pharmaceutical sector, aimed at enhancing therapeutic outcomes through several key advantages such as simplified dosage administration, enhanced patient compliance, and increased formulation adaptability. This comprehensive review focuses on oral drug delivery systems, particularly Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery Systems (GRDDS), which serve as reservoirs for drugs and facilitate controlled release over a defined period. The primary objective of GRDDS is to augment the bioavailability of drugs. The review encompasses a detailed examination of the fundamental anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, the prerequisites for gastroretention drugs, the rationale behind gastro retention, the factors influencing gastro retentive time, as well as an analysis of the merits and drawbacks associated with GRDDS. Additionally, it delves into recent advancements in Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery Systems.

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GRDDS; Approaches; Floating Drug Delivery System; Effervescent System; Raft Forming system; Factors Affecting Gastro Retentive Time

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Pandit Shriram Sharma Acharya, recognized globally as a Brahmarshi (a sage of the highest order), was a renowned visionary, sage, saint, and social reformer who foresaw the imminent dawn of a golden age of peace, harmony, goodwill, and understanding among all living beings. His teachings continue to guide humanity in the right direction today. Acharya Ji helped people of all backgrounds, without discrimination based on caste, gender, religion, or creed, to understand the significance of the Gayatri Mantra. As a great social reformer, Pandit Shriram Sharma Acharya dedicated his entire life to paving the way for self-exploration, self-awareness, and mutual understanding. Acharya Ji's unique excellence lies in his ability to inspire people's physical, mental, intellectual, and spiritual potential through their conscious and subconscious minds. The unwavering resolve of one man, which began decades ago, has led to millions becoming members of the Gayatri Pariwar, and it continues to expand today through the contributions of crores of members. Who would have thought that a simple boy born in Awalkheda, a village in Uttar Pradesh, would one day bring about a revolution of transformation and make such a valuable contribution to guiding the world in the right direction? Although Acharya Ji was born into a prosperous Brahmin family, he was dedicated from the very beginning to the development and welfare of the common people. Even during the time when the scourge of untouchability was prevalent in the country, he always remained ready to serve the people without any discrimination.

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Gayatri Parivar, Pandit Shriram Sharma Acharya, Press and Journalism, Positive Journalism

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Amish Tripathi is an IIM (Kolkata) educated, banker turned award-winning author. He is a well-known modern Indian fiction writer widely acknowledged for his mythological fiction writings. The Immortals of Meluha, the first novel in the Shiva Trilogy, was so successful that the author decided to give up his fourteen-year profession in financial services to concentrate on writing. His interests include philosophy, mythology, and history. He finds beauty and significance in all major global faiths. Over the years, mythology has been a constant source and theme of study in literature. Ancient stories are found in the extensive corpus of ancient Hindu mythology. Recently, several kinds of mythological stories have been modernized and turned into historical fiction topics in Indian writing in English. The "Shiva Trilogy" by Amish Tripathi is a fantastical account of the life and exploits of the Indian god Lord Shiva. Shiva is considered to be an iconic figure of literature from the period of Kalidas to the era of Amish. As we all know Lord Shiva is immortal since Amish has portrayed him as a mortal being and has attributed him with some manly characteristics. That is the reason the paper aims to highlight all the aspects in which immortal Shiva can be represented as mortal. The way Shiva is portrayed by Amish as the 'Tibetan protagonist' fascinates people, leading them to feel that a man is great and deserving of devotion because of his noble attitude and pure heart. The trilogy additionally demonstrates that at a certain point in time, the gods were humans, a long time ago, till their efforts and actions brought them immortality. Even though Lord Shiva in Hindu mythology is referred to as a "God" or "Mahadev". This study examines how Amish has portrayed him as a man who attained godlike qualities via his karmic actions. Hindu everlasting "Mahadev," the God of Gods and the conqueror of evil, is attempted to be humanized by Amish in the "Shiva Trilogy".

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Mythology, Mortal, Immortal, Historical fiction

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 Abstract

Rajasthan me Garmin Paryatan Ke Vikash Me Mahailao Ke Yogdhan Ka Ek Samajshatriya Adhayan

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Rajasthan me Garmin Paryatan Ke Vikash Me Mahailao Ke Yogdhan Ka Ek Samajshatriya Adhayan

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This study proposes that modern environmental and digital conditions constitute a systemic hindrance to the empirical path of liberation (Mok?ha) through an analysis of the interaction between Advaitic epistemology and contemporary neurobiology. While classical Advaita emphasizes the ontological independence of the Self (Atman), the empirical journey relies on the functional integrity of the Anta?kara?a (internal instrument). This paper formulates the concept of "Structural Sabotage"--defined as the interference of neurotoxins and algorithmic triggers with the biological substrate of sustained attention. It is stated that the gradual decrease in duration, depth, and stability of the contemplative absorption of the entire populations are due to the fact that the "Sattvic Threshold" is being decreased at civilizational level. By establishing a doctrinal firewall, we distinguish between the possibility of realization (which remains universal) and its statistical probability in a toxic environment. The paper introduces "Bio-Spirituality" as a methodological orientation aimed at preserving the three pillars of vedantic practice: Srava?a (hearing the truth), Manana (contemplating the truth), and Nididhyasana (living and breathing the truth).

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Advaita Vedanta, Neuro-toxicity, Viveka, Anta?kara?a, Attentional Fragmentation, Up?dhi, Tamasic Load, Bio-Spirituality.

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In India, Guilandina bonduc is a common plant. Because this plant is frequently utilised in traditional medicine, the biotechnology of endophytic fungi is extremely important because natural resources have decreased of plants. The endophytic fungus that were discovered in Guilandina bonduc plant and produced a variety of chemicals were described in this study. The endophytic fungal species were identified by morphological and molecular means using phylogenetic tree analysis. The cultivation method was carried out using Potato Dextrose Broth media. The extraction and evaporation processes were carried out using a rotary evaporator by using ethyl acetate as a solvent. The DPPH method and paper disc diffusion method were used to conduct antioxidant and antibacterial testing. The compound was isolated using chromatographic methods, and its chemical structure was determined by spectroscopic examination. Lasiodiplodia irregularis was determined to be an endophytic fungus based on the morphological and molecular study results. 2-Nonynoic acid was the pure chemical that was extracted from this endophytic fungus. This substance was probably going to be used as a starting point for novel antioxidants.

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Lasiodiplodia irregularis, bioactive compounds, endophytic fungi, and antioxidant properties.

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(The present study examines the impact of the classroom and school environment on enhancing multiple intelligences among secondary level students of Pune district. The study adopts a descriptive survey method and is grounded in Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which recognizes diverse intellectual capacities beyond traditional academic abilities. The sample comprised students from one government secondary school and one private secondary school, selected using stratified random sampling to ensure balanced representation. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data related to school environment and multiple intelligences. Statistical analysis involved the use of mean, standard deviation, and t-test to examine differences based on gender and type of institution. The findings reveal significant differences in the impact of school environment on multiple intelligences among male and female students, as well as between government and private secondary schools. Female students demonstrated higher responsiveness to school environments across both institutional types, while private schools showed a stronger overall influence on multiple intelligence development. The study concludes that school environment plays a crucial role in shaping students' intellectual growth and that institutional and gender factors significantly influence this process.)

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Keywords: Classroom Environment, Multiple Intelligences, Secondary Level Students, School Climate, Gender Differences, Government Schools, Private Schools, Intellectual Development, Learning Environment, Student Engagement, Educational Psychology, Holistic Education

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: The project aims to develop an intelligent system that can predict weather conditions more accurately using modern technology. Traditional forecasting systems primarily rely on largescale data collected from weather stations. The proposed system, however, utilizes multi-sensor information to predict rainfall, temperature, humidity, and other climatic factors with enhanced accuracy. "Smart Weather Forecasting" builds upon existing research in numerical weather prediction (NWP), satellite data analysis, and statistical forecasting models. Traditional methods often use historical data and complex mathematical equations to simulate atmospheric behavior. However, recent studies have explored the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve forecast accuracy by analyzing large volumes of real-time sensor data. Techniques such as Decision Trees, Neural Networks, and Support Vector Machines have been applied to predict weather patterns more efficiently. Furthermore, many systems incorporate Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled sensors for continuous data collection. Despite the promising results, there is still a need for more accessible, cost-effective, and localized forecasting systems. To address this need, the Smart Weather Forecasting project combines real-time sensor data collection with intelligent analysis techniques. The data is processed using microcontrollers, such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi, and transmitted to a cloud server. This methodology ensures faster and more precise weather updates, which can be particularly useful in both rural and urban areas for providing timely alerts and supporting informed decision making.

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Edge Computing, Real-Time Weather Forecasting, Low-Cost IoT Devices, Environmental Monitoring, Weather Sensors, Machine Learning, Data Analytics, Smart Agriculture, IoT, Localized Weather Prediction, Embedded Systems, Sensor Networks

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Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) has emerged as a crucial approach for addressing water scarcity, quality degradation, and sectoral competition in agrarian regions of India. The present study examines the status, challenges, and prospects of integrated water resource management in Banka District, Bihar, with special emphasis on surface and groundwater utilization, institutional arrangements, and sector-wise water demand. The study is based on secondary hydrological data, water supply records, agricultural statistics, and primary field observations. Temporal variations in rainfall, groundwater levels, and irrigation dependency have been analysed using statistical techniques. The findings reveal increasing pressure on groundwater resources due to agriculture-dominated water demand, uneven access to drinking water, and limited recharge interventions. Seasonal variability of rainfall and inefficient water-use practices further intensify local water stress. The study argues that fragmented management approaches need to be replaced by an integrated framework focusing on demand management, conservation, institutional coordination, and community participation. The paper highlights the relevance of IWRM as a policy-oriented and sustainable pathway for ensuring long-term water security in district-level planning.

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Integrated water resource management; groundwater; irrigation; water sustainability; Banka district

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The integration of Learning Management Systems (LMS) has significantly transformed teaching-learning processes, particularly within open and distance learning (ODL) environments. As digital platforms increasingly mediate higher education, understanding learners' preferred learning styles becomes essential for designing inclusive and effective instructional strategies. The present study examines gender-based differences in learning style preferences among postgraduate learners at Odisha State Open University (OSOU) using the VARK (Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic) model. Data were collected from 140 postgraduate students (70 males and 70 females) who were active LMS users. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, correlation, partial correlation, and regression analyses, were conducted using Jamovi software. The findings reveal only marginal gender-based differences in learning preferences. Female learners demonstrated slightly stronger multimodal tendencies, whereas male learners scored marginally higher in visual and aural dimensions. However, regression results indicate that gender accounts for minimal variance in learning style preferences. Overall, the findings suggest that learning styles are influenced more by individual and contextual factors than by gender alone. The study underscores the need for flexible, multimodal LMS design to support diverse learners in ODL settings.

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Learning Management System (LMS); VARK Model; Gender Differences; Learning Styles; Open and Distance Learning; Multimodal Learning

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Plastic pollution has evolved from a localized littering issue into a systemic global crisis. As of 2025, annual plastic leakage into the environment has reached 130 million metric tors. This paper examines the sources and types of plastic pollution, its environmental and health impact, and current mitigation Strategies. The study highlights the urgent need for sustainable alternatives, effective waste management systems, and global Policy interventions stead to address the growing Plastic crisis

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Plastic pollution,micro plastic, environment, weast management, sustainability

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The autonomic nervous system handles key bodily tasks - like heartbeat, breathing, gut function, and hormone release - not requiring conscious thought. Due to its central role, drugs often aim at this system, particularly for issues tied to circulation, lungs, brain health, or metabolism. Here's a clear look at how the ANS is built, what chemicals it uses, plus breakthroughs in drugs affecting adrenaline and acetylcholine pathways. Lately, scientists have worked on fine-tuning which receptors get activated, aiming to limit unwanted reactions while boosting treatment accuracy. Today's adrenaline-like meds - like targeted ?1, ?2, ?1, or ?2 regulators along with extended-release ?2 activators - tend to last longer while posing fewer risks. In the same way, updated nerve-signaling drugs, such as specific muscarinic adjusters paired with next-gen enzyme blockers, deliver real patient gains in lung and brain conditions. The review dives into how things like SAR progress, one-sided activation, besides allostery shifted medication development. It checks today's ANS meds used for heart issues, breathing problems, lung trouble, stomach disorders, along with mental health cases. On top of that, it points out ongoing hurdles - unintended side actions, reduced receptor response, plus mix-ups between medicines - that still mess with real-world treatment.Emerging ideas - like tailoring meds using genetic info, using tiny particles to deliver drugs more precisely, creating compounds that do two jobs at once, or applying smart algorithms to find new treatments - are shaping how we'll treat nervous system disorders down the line. Mixing today's science with targeted receptor strategies means tomorrow's medicines could be safer, work better, because they're built around real patient needs. All things considered, this look back shows why smarter adrenaline- and acetylcholine-focused therapies matter more now when handling long-lasting health issues.

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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS),Adrenergic Drugs,Cholinergic Drugs,Receptor Selectivity,?-Blockers,Muscarinic Modulators,Biased Agonism.

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Carcinoma of the lip is a common oral malignancy with potential for regional lymph node spread. Wide local excision with adequate margins remains the primary treatment to achieve oncological clearance. Reconstruction of the post-excisional defect using a suitable local flap helps restore lip function and cosmetic appearance. Neck dissection is performed to manage or prevent cervical lymph node metastasis. Histopathological evaluation confirms margin status and nodal involvement. This combined surgical approach provides effective disease control with satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes.

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Squamous cell carcinoma, Neck Dissection, Lower Lip, Wide Local excision

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Aseptic techniques are essential in preventing infections in neonatal care, a field where even minor lapses can have significant consequences. Evaluating the knowledge of staff nurses, who are on the front line of neonatal care, are crucial to maintaining high standards of patient safety and care quality. Objectives of the study : 1. To assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding aseptic techniques in neonatal care. 2. To identify areas of strength and areas need for improvement in staff nurse knowledge regarding aseptic techniques in neonatal care. 3. To know the relationship between demographic factors (e.g., gender, age, educational background, experience) and knowledge levels. Methods : Methods Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study design. Setting: Selected hospitals in Bangalore, India. Participants: 85% female and 15% male nurses participated in the study, with a mean age of 29.5 years. The educational background of the participants included 50% with a Diploma in Nursing, 40% with a Bachelor's degree, and 10% with a Master's degree. Experience varied, with 40% of nurses having 1-3 years of experience, and 35% having received specialized training in neonatal care. Data Collection: A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of aseptic techniques, covering areas such as hand hygiene, sterilization procedures, and the use of personal protective equipment. The questionnaire was validated for content and reliability. Data Analysis: Knowledge scores were calculated, with mean scores, SD and percentages used to categorize the levels of knowledge. Statistical analysis, including Chi-square tests and ANOVA, was conducted to find out the influence of demographic factors on knowledge scores. Results Knowledge Scores: The mean knowledge score was 75.2% (SD = 10.4), with a range from 50% to 90%. Distribution of scores showed that 20% of nurses were in the "Excellent" category (85-100%), 50% in the "Good" category (70-84%), 25% in the "Fair" category (50-69%), and 5% in the "Poor" category (below 50%). ? Strong Knowledge Areas: Nurses demonstrated strong knowledge in hand hygiene (90% correct) and the use of personal protective equipment (85% correct). ? Areas Needing Improvement: Lower scores were observed in sterilization procedures (60% correct), handling of sterile equipment (65% correct), and infection control measures (70% correct), indicating areas where further training is required. ? Influencing Factors: Higher knowledge scores were significantly associated with higher educational qualifications (Bachelor's or Master's degree), more than 3 years of experience, and specialized training in neonatal care (p < 0.05).

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Practice, Aseptic technique, Neonates, Staff Nurses

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This paper highlights the significance of E-Learning in modern education and discusses its technical aspect, market and comparison with instructor led training and possibility of whether E-Learning will replace the old classroom teaching. Presently the concept of E-Learning is becoming very popular as the number of internet savvy users is increasing. As the global education landscape evolves, the tension between international educations standards and local curriculum needs has become a critical area of study. Global education frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and initiatives by international bodies like UNESCO, advocate for universal education objectives, including access to quality education, literacy, and skills development. Many institutions of higher education and universities are resorting to E-Learning. Big corporate companies are also heavily investing in E-Learning and setting up interactive classrooms. Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), the world largest open university launched a 24X7 and 365 days a year-round access as compared to instructor-led training, which is one time class that must be schedule. E-Learning also provides students freedom from carrying heavy school bags and stop cutting of trees for the sake of paper, pencil and rubber.

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Ancient (VS) Modern Learning, Education, E-Learning.

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