Volume 11 | Issue 12

 Abstract

The profession of translation has undergone changes due to the advancements in machine translation systems in recent years. As a result, translators are now expected to take on new roles and acquire new skills. While working on source texts, translators often encounter raw outputs generated by machine translation systems during the translation process. Thus in settings where machine translation is utilized, translators are required to post these outputs based on predefined criteria. This differs considerably from translation workflows where translators start from scratch with the source text. The level of editing can vary depending on the clients expectations and the intended purpose of the text. Consequently there is an increased emphasis on the skills and competences that translators must possess. In this article, the aim is to explore how the role of translators has evolved within the context of their competences, considering advancements in machine translation systems. The article further evaluates the skills needed for translators and post editors, and examines the necessity to redefine translator competences in light of the evolving roles translators have in an era where machine translation systems play a role.

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Translator-competence, Machine-translation, Profession, Sustainability, Translation market, Employability

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As time changes the power of perception with comprehension, readiness to absorb with interest and the measure of receptivity of the students change. The method of instruction should also keep pace with, and get modified for, the fast changing aptitude and attitude of the students. We are in the age of communication. Business advertisements, propaganda for election, marriage alliance and business transactions are finalized by speaking, even though the party spoken to, is not near. Since cell phone has become an indispensable necessity, "Spoken English" is considered a highly demanded subject. Spoken English, being conversational English, conversational method using conversational texts is the suitable strategy to enhance its utility. English becomes part and parcel of communication in the present scenario. Against this background an attempt is made to investigate the effectiveness of communicative strategy in spoken English among college students.

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Spoken English, Communicative Strategy, Effectiveness

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The increasing reliance on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for residential and commercial applications necessitates the development of advanced monitoring system to ensure safety and efficiency. The core of smart home automation lies in the deployment of interconnected devices and sensors, facilitated by IoT technology. The proposed system integrates gas sensors, IoT technology, and real-time data processing to provide continuous monitoring of LPG levels and prompt detection of potential leaks. The ESP32 microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi capabilities not only ensures reliable data transmission but also enables seamless connectivity with other smart devices. The system uses MQ-2 gas sensor to detect gas leakage and also incorporates automatic shut-off mechanism of the cylinder valve to mitigate risks by isolating the gas supply in case of a significant leak. Users can access the system's interface remotely, gaining insights into LPG consumption patterns, gas leakage alerts and real-time status updates through an intuitive mobile application.

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IoT, LPG, Wi-fi, ESP32, MQ2

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CONCEPT OF GENDER JUSTICE IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE Dr.C B Naveen Chandra? ABSTRACT This article evaluates those constitutional developments that ensure gender justice in India. The concept of 'gender justice' implies a comprehensive goal and scheme of protecting the class of 'subordinated gender from exploitation and denials inflicted by the dominant gender. In particular, it means that women must exercise full participation in the decision-making process in all walks of life, and fully participate along with men in finding equitable and practical solutions to issues in the family and society. The laws are already there in the constitution favouring equality yet, a woman is in a disadvantageous position even in the 21st century. Despite the broad horizon provided by the constitution, the interpretations of these provisions have echoed the patriarchal and conservative nature of Indian society. The interpretation of separate laws on the ground that the women are weak and are different from men creates an imbalance in society. Women are subjected to as subordinate to men, when they are put under the status of the weaker sex. The constitution has given the tag of weaker sex perhaps keeping in mind the past discrimination that a woman has gone through. The constitution nowhere mentions that women are weak in comparison to the men according to nature such patriarchal interpretations have been prevalent for a long time. The Preamble to the Constitution of India assures all citizens, Social, Economic and Political Justice and Equality of Opportunity and Status. The Preamble of the Constitution has been framed with great care and deliberation so that it reflects the high purpose and noble objectives of the Constitution makers. Thus, 'gender justice' has been embodied in the Constitution right from its incorporation.

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Keywords: Gender justice, Constitution, Preamble, Equality, Women

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This exploratory research investigates the factors influencing consumer behaviour while shopping online through the lens of India's top e-commerce platforms. Based on a sample size of 80, the study reveals insights into consumer preferences, perceptions, and satisfaction levels. The study revealed that Flipkart leads the market with 37.5% preference, followed by Amazon at 32.5% and Meesho at 13.75%. Amazon enjoys the highest overall acceptability (9/10), likely due to its strong reputation for quality, price, and convenience. Flipkart follows closely at 8/10 and is also perceived as offering high quality and price. Myntra takes the lead in quality (9/10) but loses ground on price (8/10), suggesting a premium positioning. It has been found that the Customers are more satisfied with order delivery (8.2/10) than offer delivery (7.2/10), indicating potential room for improvement in offer communication and delivery. Significant differences exist in customer satisfaction among companies. Factors like relevance, timeliness, and clarity of offer terms could explain lower satisfaction with offer delivery compared to order delivery. These insights can help e-commerce platforms refine their strategies to attract and retain customers by focusing on perceived value, quality, price, offer relevance, and effective communication. By addressing these factors, online businesses can enhance customer satisfaction and gain a competitive edge in the dynamic Indian e-commerce landscape.

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E-Commerce; Consumer Behaviour; Customer Satisfaction

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A teaching method comprises the principles and methods used by teachers to enable student learning. These strategies are determined partly on subject matter to be taught and partly by the nature of the learner. For a particular teaching method to be appropriate and efficient it has to be in relation with the characteristic of the learner and the type of learning it is supposed to bring about. Suggestions are there to design and selection of teaching methods must take into account not only the nature of the subject matter but also how students learn. In today's school the trend is that it encourages much creativity. It is a known fact that human advancement comes through reasoning. This reasoning and original thought enhances creativity. The approaches for teaching can be broadly classified into teacher centered and student centered. In a teacher-centered approach to learning, teachers are the main authority figure in this model. Students are viewed as "empty vessels" whose primary role is to passively receive information (via lectures and direct instruction) with an end goal of testing and assessment. It is the primary role of teachers to pass knowledge and information onto their students. In this model, teaching and assessment are viewed as two separate entities. Student learning is measured through objectively scored tests and assessments. In Student-Centered Approach to Learning, while teachers are the authority figure in this model, teachers and students play an equally active role in the learning process. The teacher's primary role is to coach and facilitate student learning and overall comprehension of material. Student learning is measured through both formal and informal forms of assessment, including group projects, student portfolios, and class participation. Teaching and assessments are connected; student learning is continuously measured during teacher instruction. Commonly used teaching methods may include class participation, demonstration, recitation, memorization, or combinations of these.

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ACTION, RESEARCH, METHOD, TEACHING

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Exponential growth in nuclear warfare has unfolded true human potential towards how far human research is capable of advancing. The creation of the atomic bomb and further advancements towards military armaments have proved humanity's capabilities, although the possession of such nuclear weaponry poses unprecedented danger. On the other hand, mankind's abilities to recover and overcome adversities show the true will for survival for humanity but is this will enough to recover the widespread devastation nuclear warfare can induce? This essay talks about the capabilities of mass destruction of nuclear warfare, humanity's resilience for survival and the urgent need for diplomatic solutions, disarmament efforts, and global cooperation.

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Epidemic, Pandemic, Virus, Atomic, Nuclear Warfare, Nuclear Weapons, Treaty

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Rapid availability to an emergency or disaster response is a crucial sign that victims and injured people's chances of survival are increased. The actions taken in the initial minutes of an emergency are critical. A prompt warning to the people to evacuate, shelter or lockdown can save lives. A call for help to public emergency services that provides full and accurate information will help the dispatcher send the right responders and equipment. A trained individual to administer emergency response can be lifesaving. Action by trained individuals with knowledge of building and process systems can help control a leak and minimize damage to the facility and the environment.

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Disaster, Natural Catastrophes, Risk Management

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Rasapushpa is a Kupipakwa Kalpana, falling under the category of Sagni Nirgandha Moorchana. Various methods of preparation of Rasapushpa have been explained in Rasashastra texts. Rasapushpa, as the name itself suggests is prepared out of Rasa (mercury) and the outcome will be like Pushpa (flower). The details of the preparation, its qualities and utility are available in the text Rasatarangini. Here an effort is made to prepare Rasapushpa from Damaru Yantra method and to document the findings.

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Kupipakwa Rasayana, Rasapushpa, Damaru Yantra method

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Inclusive education of children with intellectual disability is a serious challenge for any community. One such group is that of learners with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study investigates the challenges in teaching English Language to children with ASD who are enrolled in various academic intervention programmes with focus on existing institutional remedies/education system, language used in therapy and collaboration of ESL teachers with special need educators. This study will show/reveal how well equipped the present local educational machinery is in providing language intervention to the target group. It is a qualitative study based on questionnaires and semi-structured interviews of n=31 participants including 10 ESL teachers, 10 Special needs teachers, 5 Speech therapists (all having more than 5 years of experience) along with 5 parents of learners with ASD and 1 Education officer. The study reveals that there is a serious lack of coordination among the various professionals engaged in the intervention process. Lack of training and instructional materials is another major concern besides lack of qualified personnel at intervention centres. In addition, mainstreaming of learners with ASD was very rare, and those who could get through have to face challenges related to rigid syllabus and untrained general educators. Involvement of parents emerged as one of the major challenge in ensuring efficient intervention programmes as most of the parents lacked the cooperation sought by the educators. Lack of professional training institutes has led to poor professional quality of intervention facilities and more so after mainstreaming. District authority need to support the NGOs through funding for infrastructural up gradation and training to provide better learning environment for the learners on the spectrum.

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Applied linguistics, ELT, Language intervention, Autism, Learners with ASD, qualitative study, Kamrup

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?????????? ? ???? ??????? ??. ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??. ??????????????, ????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ? ??????? ??. ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??? ? ?????????? ?? ????? '??????? ????????? ???. ???? ???? ??? ???, ????? ???????????', ???? ??????? ???? ??, ???????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??. ????????, ???? ???????-??????, ???????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??. ??? ? ??????????? ???????? ? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??. ??? ???? ???? ??. ? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??. ??? ?????????, '???? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ??' ? ??????? ????, ? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??.

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The objective of the paper study was the development of the concept quality of wok life of employees of both technical and non technical having because of two important reasons viz., managerial aspects are much ignored in Fertilizers and Pesticides organization. This study is limited to the contribution of QWL to the factors of only from a human resource management perspective and not from the apparent perspective of productivity or economic gain. In pursuance of the above objectives, the following methodology is adopted for conducting the present study. Both primary and secondary data are used for the study. A pilot-study was undertaken to determine the objectives, methodology and sampling of the present study. All the necessary data like opinions and experiences of managers would not find a place in reports and records. Management views and employees' perceptions about quality of work life was collected through a structured questionnaire. NACL Technical and Non-technical constitute the management and all the managers, executives and workers constitute the employees category. Similarly, interviews, group discussions and confrontation meeting / handshake procedures were conducted to confirm, correlate and elicit further information, covering the aspects detailed in the structured formats.

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Development, managerial, perceptions, structured, apparent, human resource management.

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Background of the study: Suicide is a major public health problem globally. Data on the factors influencing suicidal behaviors that can inform prevention policies are limited in Bhutan. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt was 3.1% and 0.7%, respectively. We found female gender, being unemployed, low and middle household income than high household income, and having a family history of suicide were associated with higher odds of having suicidal ideation. Younger age and alcohol consumption were associated with both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. While those from the middle-income group compared to those in the high- income group had reduced odds of attempting suicide. The findings can help inform policy investments for suicide prevention. Objectives: To assess the existing knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents.2.To evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on the knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents by comparing pretest and posttest.3.To determine the association between pre-test knowledge scores regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents with selected demographic variables. Sampling method: purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tool: Structured knowledge, questionnaire for assessing the knowledge regarding risk factor and prevention of suicidal behaviour.Analysis: The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and interpreted in terms of objectives and hypotheses of the study. Results: The results showed that there was significant difference between the pretest and posttest knowledge scores regarding risk factor and prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents. The paired t-test value =9.046 at df (39) was greater than the table value at 0.05 level of significance ,With a significant enhancement in mean (19.03%)and SD (2.3) percentage.. So the results are concluded that structured teaching programme has a significant effect on the improvement of Knowledge regarding risk factor and prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents. Conclusion: The results of the study show that, developed adequate knowledge after the structured teaching programme.

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risk factor, suicidal behavior, prevention, adolescents.

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Education, especially school education, plays a crucial role in the cognitive and overall development of a child. The language, adopted as a medium of instruction, is instrument for the holistic development of the child. In the context of India, it is a difficult task to choose a particular language for that purpose due to the multilingual character of Indian society. Multilingualism is an important dimension of our composite culture. There are hundreds of languages in the country and 22 constitutionally recognized languages. The National Education Policy of India 2020 (NEP 2020), designed by the K Kasturirangan Committee, appears to have considered such issues seriously and pragmatically and articulates some novel ideas regarding language teaching. An important object behind the new policy is to make the learners aware of the rich cultural heritage of the nation and to promote multilingualism as well as national unity. But there are potential challenges in the implementation of such proposals as textbooks are scarce, experienced and skilled language teachers etc. The paper high lights role of NEP 2020 in multi -lingual education and as power of language.

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NEP 2020, Multi-lingual Education, & Power of Language

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Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is the branch of Ayurveda which deals with the preparation of herbal, mineral and herbomineral preparations. Various dosage forms have been described in Bhaishajya Kalpana. Avaleha Kalpana and Khanda Kalpana are two of those. One such formulation that is explained in Sahasrayoga Leha Prakarana is Bilwadi Leha. Khanda Kalpana is a modification of Avaleha Kalpana. It is done to solve concerns with palatability and prolong the product's shelf life. Madhura Dravya is an essential ingredient in the manufacturing of medications. This study was conducted to comprehend the quality of Leha and its modification into Khanda Paka prepared using two different Madhura Dravyas that is Jaggery, and sugar candy in each dosage form.

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Bilwadi Leha, Guda, Khanda Sharkara, Khanda Kalpana

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Abstract: Cultural intelligence is the ability of a person to interact effectively in multicultural situation. The role that cultural intelligence plays as an enabling factor for better cross-cultural adjustment. A significant difference was expected in the academic performance of the students between high and low level of cultural adjustment. Conducting the present study to help reduce friction among students in the institutions. Bangalore district divided into four segments for the study. Further, two colleges from each of four segments focusing under graduation programme on random sampling basis as a representation for research study. Descriptive survey method of research used for the study. Finally, 50 each from 8 colleges accounting total sample as 400 under graduate students for the study. Data base covering of two components a) Eight characteristics on Socio-economic status of respondents. Cultural intelligence tool accountable with 20 statements on five point Likert scale, ranging from 1-5 scores from strongly disagree to strongly agree with four concepts, Meta Cognitive (4 statements), Cognitive (6 statements), Motivational (5 statements) and Behavioural (5 statements). The minimum score for the cross cultural adjustment as 20 and maximum score as 100. Statistical measures used are number, percent, mean and standard deviation. Under inferential statistical test applied are Chi-square test to measure the association between selected socio economic characteristics and Cross cultural adjustment and statistical F-test for comparing means of different aspects of cultural intelligence. Majority of the respondents (46.0 %) found as 18 years of age, boys predominant (56.0 %), belongs to 1st year PUC and language background as English (90.0%) followed by Hindi (82.0 %). Further, second ordinal position with majority (48.0 %) and number of sibling being as one (40.0 %). Academic performance found as 61-72 marks noticed with 40.0 percent and higher respondents emerging from home (56.0 %) as residence. Regarding residential background majority (82.0 %) emerged from urban family background and religion being Hindu (58.0 %) respondents. The result indicate that 40.0 percent of respondents possess with adequate cross cultural adjustment level as compared to remaining 60.0 percent respondents noticed with moderate cultural intelligence level. Regarding Mata cognitive (56.0 %), cognitive aspects (16.0 %) and Motivation aspect (48.0 %) showed adequate level as compared to Behavior aspects (38.0%). There exists significant difference between mean response on different aspects of cultural intelligence scores among respondents (F=5.47*, p<0.05). The Association between age group (?2 = 9.28*), gender (?2 = 4.57*) and class studying (?2 = 86.17*) on cross cultural adjustment level among under graduate students found to statistically significant (p<0.05).

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cognetive, meta cognative, motivation , behaviour, cultural Intelligence

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Variable Data Printing is best suited to be reproduced using a digital printing process. Among all the available digital printing processes in the current time, Electrophotography process is the most common process used by the printers for printing the Variable Data Printing Jobs. The invention of this process dates back to the mid-20th century, when an American Physicist invented this process and filed an application for patenting this process of digital printing. This technology is now commonly used in the modern office printers. This process has evolved throughout the time in terms of technology, speed, quality, reliability and cost efficiency. Recent developments in the field of printing and allied industry have enabled this technology to reproduce excellent results in multi-colour jobs. When the question comes to the point of "quality" in a multi-colour job, there are few parameters that can be checked for ensuring the acceptable print quality. Gray Balance is one such parameter that can be very handy for checking print quality during print production and that too with just visual tools. For accuracy purpose, standard tools for colorimetry measurement may also be used for evaluation of print quality. In this study, a systematic approach is implemented to determine the print quality based upon reproduction of Gray Balance on Gloss Coated Paper using two different presses based upon Liquid Toner Technology and Dry Toner Technology.

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Electrophotography, Gray balance, Liquid Toner, Dry Toner, Gloss Coated Paper

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Abstract: - Agriculture, crop ranking play a vital role in agriculture development. In this study mainly the ranking of the crops has been analysed from the year 2000-01 and 2015-16 by using secondary data, different taluks of district is having different ranking in the different year. The production of crops is depends on the soil, temperature, rainfall, irrigation and agriculture technique, each taluk having different soil texture, availability of water resource. In this attempt have been made to analyse cropping pattern and crop ranking of the study region. Horticulture crops were dominated because of this study area having humid climate which is suitable for crops like areca nut, coconut, cashew nut and rubber etc.

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Keywords: - Agriculture, Cropping Pattern, Crop Ranking. Horticulture

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Natural radiation is a fact of life. All living organisms have been exposed continuously to ionizing radiation, which always existed naturally. People are constantly exposed to small amounts of ionizing radiation from the environment as they carry out their normal daily activities known as natural background radiation. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs) is a source of natural radiation found on earth of terrestrial origin or from natural processes. The radiological risk due to the presence of natural and man-made radionuclides in beach sands from several public beaches like Kanyakumari, Colachel, Kadiapattanam, Sanguthurai was estimated in this study. Specific radionuclides concentrations in the sand samples were determined by standard gamma-spectrometry. The radioactivity concentration of different beach sands was estimated.

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Radiation, Radionuclides, Gamma -Spectrometry, Radioactivity concentration.

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