Volume 11 | Issue 12

 Abstract

The study aimed to understand the implementation of local ordinances in the Municipality of Concepcion, Tarlac, on how these local laws establishes the rules for the operation of the local government or provides rules and regulations governing public activity in the community. This study helped to encourage the government official to formulate local laws and how these local ordinances efficiently and effectively implemented. The respondents compose of citizen and implementers were selected using sampling technique, the information/data collected using the interviews using the different platforms strengthen the paper. Moreover, the researcher also do the documentation that shows the table that under the category of Agriculture, Social Services, Budget, and Health rated as Always Implemented and for the category of Environment rated Fairly Implemented. Based on the result of the study, Budgetary constraints, Conflicts and ambiguities in ordinance, legal aspects of local ordinance, lack of public awareness and compliance, and lack of community engagement and cooperation were the most problem encountered on the implementation of local ordinances in the Municipality of Concepcion, Tarlac.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Policy. Implementation. Ordinances. Local Government

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper describes the Approximate Bayes Estimate of the unknown Scale parameter of Weibull distribution-based on failure censored data. The scale parameter of the Weibull distribution is considered with a Natural Conjugate Gamma Prior in order to obtain the Bayes Estimate. The Weibull parameters are derived on the Asymmetric Loss Function known as General Entropy loss Function (GELF) function. Lindley's approximation is used to obtain Approximate Bayes estimators. The result from Bayesian method is used to compare with Bayes and Maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) methods. The simulation shows that the results from Bayes is better with Approximate Bayesian method than MLE.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

General Entropy loss function, Maximum likelihood estimation, Bayesian Estimation, Lindley Approach, Weibull distribution. Failure Censoring.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Temples have held an important place in the life of Keralites. Several temples in Kerala trace their origins to antiquity. However, they were renovated frequently and the current structures that are seen are vastly a result of the numerous renovations. The history of Kerala dates back to the Cheras of the third century BC. The temples of Kerala are referenced in the works of the Tamil Alwar Saints and the Nayanar Saints. Kulasekhara Alwar and Cheraman Perumaal (one of the Nayanars) belonged to the Cheras of the ninth century AD. There are several works on temple architecture written in Kerala during the 15th and the 16th centuries.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key Words -Cheras, Alwar, Nayanar, Ambalam, Ay Kingdom, Sastras

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The whole world has united in their endeavor to obtain the goals of sustainable development. This is in absolute opposite to the earlier proposals where governments engage in goals for the growth & development of their own economies. The fight for development & superiority has generated inequality in the economic development & growth among countries, depleted the natural resources & has therefore changed the ecological balance. The effect of this is being observed in the form of global warming & dramatic climate change. Since this warn the survival of human life on earth, a strategy that would make sure a safe & better environment for coming generations has become the need of the present generation. Sustainable development is a concept which emerged to ensure that growth & development takes place in such a manner that natural resources are sustained &carry on to the next generations perfectly. This paper makes an attempt to know & understand the challenges experienced by India in achieving Sustainable development goals & provide recommendations to resolve them.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Millennium Development Goals (MDG), Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), Ecological Balance

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sound is a longitudinal, mechanical wave, simply a form of energy and moreover is a vibration (a transverse variation in pressure wave). Synchronized sound wave (music) is an ordered tonal or instrumental rhythmic sound. Putting music into the scientific definition; it is the science of sound waves embracing the characteristics such as wavelength, rhythm, intensity, frequency, amplitude and pitch. According to the present experiment, it has been observed that Indian classical ragas were based on sound vibration technology and science of music. The synchronized sound wave in the form of Indian classical ragas has a notable impact on the living beings including plants. It is found that Indian Classical music at different frequencies, sound pressure levels, exposure duration and distance from the source has been confirmed to encourage plant growth positively. Physiognomy is the combination of external features and growth of different parts of plant. Such growth is visible in the physiognomic characters such as plant height, north-south spread of the branches, and east-west spread, number of leaves and length of the leaves etc, when the plant is exposed to Indian Classical music. Physiognomic analysis for all the aforesaid characters was carried out after the treatment for 8 weeks. Multivariate analysis was conducted for the recorded observations by using several test statistics like Pillai's Trace, Wilks' Lamba, Hotelling's Trace and Roy's Largest Root. The physiognomy analysis carried out in plants with respect to the music as a parameter showed the significant result in week 2 and week 7.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indian Classical ragas, synchronized sound waves, physiognomy analysis, multivariate analysis, test statistics

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The profession of translation has undergone changes due to the advancements in machine translation systems in recent years. As a result, translators are now expected to take on new roles and acquire new skills. While working on source texts, translators often encounter raw outputs generated by machine translation systems during the translation process. Thus in settings where machine translation is utilized, translators are required to post these outputs based on predefined criteria. This differs considerably from translation workflows where translators start from scratch with the source text. The level of editing can vary depending on the clients expectations and the intended purpose of the text. Consequently there is an increased emphasis on the skills and competences that translators must possess. In this article, the aim is to explore how the role of translators has evolved within the context of their competences, considering advancements in machine translation systems. The article further evaluates the skills needed for translators and post editors, and examines the necessity to redefine translator competences in light of the evolving roles translators have in an era where machine translation systems play a role.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Translator-competence, Machine-translation, Profession, Sustainability, Translation market, Employability

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As time changes the power of perception with comprehension, readiness to absorb with interest and the measure of receptivity of the students change. The method of instruction should also keep pace with, and get modified for, the fast changing aptitude and attitude of the students. We are in the age of communication. Business advertisements, propaganda for election, marriage alliance and business transactions are finalized by speaking, even though the party spoken to, is not near. Since cell phone has become an indispensable necessity, "Spoken English" is considered a highly demanded subject. Spoken English, being conversational English, conversational method using conversational texts is the suitable strategy to enhance its utility. English becomes part and parcel of communication in the present scenario. Against this background an attempt is made to investigate the effectiveness of communicative strategy in spoken English among college students.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Spoken English, Communicative Strategy, Effectiveness

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing reliance on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for residential and commercial applications necessitates the development of advanced monitoring system to ensure safety and efficiency. The core of smart home automation lies in the deployment of interconnected devices and sensors, facilitated by IoT technology. The proposed system integrates gas sensors, IoT technology, and real-time data processing to provide continuous monitoring of LPG levels and prompt detection of potential leaks. The ESP32 microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi capabilities not only ensures reliable data transmission but also enables seamless connectivity with other smart devices. The system uses MQ-2 gas sensor to detect gas leakage and also incorporates automatic shut-off mechanism of the cylinder valve to mitigate risks by isolating the gas supply in case of a significant leak. Users can access the system's interface remotely, gaining insights into LPG consumption patterns, gas leakage alerts and real-time status updates through an intuitive mobile application.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IoT, LPG, Wi-fi, ESP32, MQ2

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

CONCEPT OF GENDER JUSTICE IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE Dr.C B Naveen Chandra? ABSTRACT This article evaluates those constitutional developments that ensure gender justice in India. The concept of 'gender justice' implies a comprehensive goal and scheme of protecting the class of 'subordinated gender from exploitation and denials inflicted by the dominant gender. In particular, it means that women must exercise full participation in the decision-making process in all walks of life, and fully participate along with men in finding equitable and practical solutions to issues in the family and society. The laws are already there in the constitution favouring equality yet, a woman is in a disadvantageous position even in the 21st century. Despite the broad horizon provided by the constitution, the interpretations of these provisions have echoed the patriarchal and conservative nature of Indian society. The interpretation of separate laws on the ground that the women are weak and are different from men creates an imbalance in society. Women are subjected to as subordinate to men, when they are put under the status of the weaker sex. The constitution has given the tag of weaker sex perhaps keeping in mind the past discrimination that a woman has gone through. The constitution nowhere mentions that women are weak in comparison to the men according to nature such patriarchal interpretations have been prevalent for a long time. The Preamble to the Constitution of India assures all citizens, Social, Economic and Political Justice and Equality of Opportunity and Status. The Preamble of the Constitution has been framed with great care and deliberation so that it reflects the high purpose and noble objectives of the Constitution makers. Thus, 'gender justice' has been embodied in the Constitution right from its incorporation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Gender justice, Constitution, Preamble, Equality, Women

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This exploratory research investigates the factors influencing consumer behaviour while shopping online through the lens of India's top e-commerce platforms. Based on a sample size of 80, the study reveals insights into consumer preferences, perceptions, and satisfaction levels. The study revealed that Flipkart leads the market with 37.5% preference, followed by Amazon at 32.5% and Meesho at 13.75%. Amazon enjoys the highest overall acceptability (9/10), likely due to its strong reputation for quality, price, and convenience. Flipkart follows closely at 8/10 and is also perceived as offering high quality and price. Myntra takes the lead in quality (9/10) but loses ground on price (8/10), suggesting a premium positioning. It has been found that the Customers are more satisfied with order delivery (8.2/10) than offer delivery (7.2/10), indicating potential room for improvement in offer communication and delivery. Significant differences exist in customer satisfaction among companies. Factors like relevance, timeliness, and clarity of offer terms could explain lower satisfaction with offer delivery compared to order delivery. These insights can help e-commerce platforms refine their strategies to attract and retain customers by focusing on perceived value, quality, price, offer relevance, and effective communication. By addressing these factors, online businesses can enhance customer satisfaction and gain a competitive edge in the dynamic Indian e-commerce landscape.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

E-Commerce; Consumer Behaviour; Customer Satisfaction

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A teaching method comprises the principles and methods used by teachers to enable student learning. These strategies are determined partly on subject matter to be taught and partly by the nature of the learner. For a particular teaching method to be appropriate and efficient it has to be in relation with the characteristic of the learner and the type of learning it is supposed to bring about. Suggestions are there to design and selection of teaching methods must take into account not only the nature of the subject matter but also how students learn. In today's school the trend is that it encourages much creativity. It is a known fact that human advancement comes through reasoning. This reasoning and original thought enhances creativity. The approaches for teaching can be broadly classified into teacher centered and student centered. In a teacher-centered approach to learning, teachers are the main authority figure in this model. Students are viewed as "empty vessels" whose primary role is to passively receive information (via lectures and direct instruction) with an end goal of testing and assessment. It is the primary role of teachers to pass knowledge and information onto their students. In this model, teaching and assessment are viewed as two separate entities. Student learning is measured through objectively scored tests and assessments. In Student-Centered Approach to Learning, while teachers are the authority figure in this model, teachers and students play an equally active role in the learning process. The teacher's primary role is to coach and facilitate student learning and overall comprehension of material. Student learning is measured through both formal and informal forms of assessment, including group projects, student portfolios, and class participation. Teaching and assessments are connected; student learning is continuously measured during teacher instruction. Commonly used teaching methods may include class participation, demonstration, recitation, memorization, or combinations of these.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ACTION, RESEARCH, METHOD, TEACHING

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Exponential growth in nuclear warfare has unfolded true human potential towards how far human research is capable of advancing. The creation of the atomic bomb and further advancements towards military armaments have proved humanity's capabilities, although the possession of such nuclear weaponry poses unprecedented danger. On the other hand, mankind's abilities to recover and overcome adversities show the true will for survival for humanity but is this will enough to recover the widespread devastation nuclear warfare can induce? This essay talks about the capabilities of mass destruction of nuclear warfare, humanity's resilience for survival and the urgent need for diplomatic solutions, disarmament efforts, and global cooperation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Epidemic, Pandemic, Virus, Atomic, Nuclear Warfare, Nuclear Weapons, Treaty

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Rapid availability to an emergency or disaster response is a crucial sign that victims and injured people's chances of survival are increased. The actions taken in the initial minutes of an emergency are critical. A prompt warning to the people to evacuate, shelter or lockdown can save lives. A call for help to public emergency services that provides full and accurate information will help the dispatcher send the right responders and equipment. A trained individual to administer emergency response can be lifesaving. Action by trained individuals with knowledge of building and process systems can help control a leak and minimize damage to the facility and the environment.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Disaster, Natural Catastrophes, Risk Management

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Rasapushpa is a Kupipakwa Kalpana, falling under the category of Sagni Nirgandha Moorchana. Various methods of preparation of Rasapushpa have been explained in Rasashastra texts. Rasapushpa, as the name itself suggests is prepared out of Rasa (mercury) and the outcome will be like Pushpa (flower). The details of the preparation, its qualities and utility are available in the text Rasatarangini. Here an effort is made to prepare Rasapushpa from Damaru Yantra method and to document the findings.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Kupipakwa Rasayana, Rasapushpa, Damaru Yantra method

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Inclusive education of children with intellectual disability is a serious challenge for any community. One such group is that of learners with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study investigates the challenges in teaching English Language to children with ASD who are enrolled in various academic intervention programmes with focus on existing institutional remedies/education system, language used in therapy and collaboration of ESL teachers with special need educators. This study will show/reveal how well equipped the present local educational machinery is in providing language intervention to the target group. It is a qualitative study based on questionnaires and semi-structured interviews of n=31 participants including 10 ESL teachers, 10 Special needs teachers, 5 Speech therapists (all having more than 5 years of experience) along with 5 parents of learners with ASD and 1 Education officer. The study reveals that there is a serious lack of coordination among the various professionals engaged in the intervention process. Lack of training and instructional materials is another major concern besides lack of qualified personnel at intervention centres. In addition, mainstreaming of learners with ASD was very rare, and those who could get through have to face challenges related to rigid syllabus and untrained general educators. Involvement of parents emerged as one of the major challenge in ensuring efficient intervention programmes as most of the parents lacked the cooperation sought by the educators. Lack of professional training institutes has led to poor professional quality of intervention facilities and more so after mainstreaming. District authority need to support the NGOs through funding for infrastructural up gradation and training to provide better learning environment for the learners on the spectrum.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Applied linguistics, ELT, Language intervention, Autism, Learners with ASD, qualitative study, Kamrup

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

?????????? ? ???? ??????? ??. ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??. ??????????????, ????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ? ??????? ??. ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??? ? ?????????? ?? ????? '??????? ????????? ???. ???? ???? ??? ???, ????? ???????????', ???? ??????? ???? ??, ???????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??. ????????, ???? ???????-??????, ???????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??. ??? ? ??????????? ???????? ? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??. ??? ???? ???? ??. ? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??. ??? ?????????, '???? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ??' ? ??????? ????, ? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

-

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The objective of the paper study was the development of the concept quality of wok life of employees of both technical and non technical having because of two important reasons viz., managerial aspects are much ignored in Fertilizers and Pesticides organization. This study is limited to the contribution of QWL to the factors of only from a human resource management perspective and not from the apparent perspective of productivity or economic gain. In pursuance of the above objectives, the following methodology is adopted for conducting the present study. Both primary and secondary data are used for the study. A pilot-study was undertaken to determine the objectives, methodology and sampling of the present study. All the necessary data like opinions and experiences of managers would not find a place in reports and records. Management views and employees' perceptions about quality of work life was collected through a structured questionnaire. NACL Technical and Non-technical constitute the management and all the managers, executives and workers constitute the employees category. Similarly, interviews, group discussions and confrontation meeting / handshake procedures were conducted to confirm, correlate and elicit further information, covering the aspects detailed in the structured formats.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Development, managerial, perceptions, structured, apparent, human resource management.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background of the study: Suicide is a major public health problem globally. Data on the factors influencing suicidal behaviors that can inform prevention policies are limited in Bhutan. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt was 3.1% and 0.7%, respectively. We found female gender, being unemployed, low and middle household income than high household income, and having a family history of suicide were associated with higher odds of having suicidal ideation. Younger age and alcohol consumption were associated with both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. While those from the middle-income group compared to those in the high- income group had reduced odds of attempting suicide. The findings can help inform policy investments for suicide prevention. Objectives: To assess the existing knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents.2.To evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on the knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents by comparing pretest and posttest.3.To determine the association between pre-test knowledge scores regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents with selected demographic variables. Sampling method: purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tool: Structured knowledge, questionnaire for assessing the knowledge regarding risk factor and prevention of suicidal behaviour.Analysis: The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and interpreted in terms of objectives and hypotheses of the study. Results: The results showed that there was significant difference between the pretest and posttest knowledge scores regarding risk factor and prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents. The paired t-test value =9.046 at df (39) was greater than the table value at 0.05 level of significance ,With a significant enhancement in mean (19.03%)and SD (2.3) percentage.. So the results are concluded that structured teaching programme has a significant effect on the improvement of Knowledge regarding risk factor and prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents. Conclusion: The results of the study show that, developed adequate knowledge after the structured teaching programme.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

risk factor, suicidal behavior, prevention, adolescents.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Education, especially school education, plays a crucial role in the cognitive and overall development of a child. The language, adopted as a medium of instruction, is instrument for the holistic development of the child. In the context of India, it is a difficult task to choose a particular language for that purpose due to the multilingual character of Indian society. Multilingualism is an important dimension of our composite culture. There are hundreds of languages in the country and 22 constitutionally recognized languages. The National Education Policy of India 2020 (NEP 2020), designed by the K Kasturirangan Committee, appears to have considered such issues seriously and pragmatically and articulates some novel ideas regarding language teaching. An important object behind the new policy is to make the learners aware of the rich cultural heritage of the nation and to promote multilingualism as well as national unity. But there are potential challenges in the implementation of such proposals as textbooks are scarce, experienced and skilled language teachers etc. The paper high lights role of NEP 2020 in multi -lingual education and as power of language.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

NEP 2020, Multi-lingual Education, & Power of Language

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition