Volume 11 | Issue 11

 Abstract

This research examines the social maturity of adolescents belonging to high and low socio-economic status (SES) groups. Adolescence is a transitional stage characterized by significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes, and social maturity--reflecting self-direction, responsibility, cooperation, tolerance, and adaptability--plays a crucial role in shaping personality and future societal contributions. Since socio-economic conditions determine access to resources, opportunities, and experiences, this study investigates how SES influences adolescents' social maturity. The research involved 600 adolescents from 12 secondary schools in Udaipur district, selected through lottery and purposive sampling. The participants were equally divided into high-SES (parents' annual income above INR50,000) and low-SES (income below INR20,000) groups. Data were collected using the Nalini Rao Social Maturity Scale, covering dimensions such as work orientation, self-direction, stress tolerance, communication, enlightened trust, cooperation, social commitment, social tolerance, and acceptance of change. Income certificates were used to classify SES. Statistical analyses included mean, standard deviation, t-test, and Z-scores. Findings indicated that high-SES students scored average in most dimensions, showed above-average performance in communication and cooperation, but recorded the lowest level in social tolerance. In contrast, low-SES students performed average in several domains, scored above average in cooperation and social commitment, and displayed high levels of social tolerance, though their stress tolerance was at the lowest level. Comparative analysis revealed no significant differences in work orientation, self-direction, cooperation, social commitment, and acceptance of change, suggesting parity across SES groups. However, significant differences emerged in stress tolerance, communication, enlightened trust, and social tolerance, with high-SES students excelling in communication, while low-SES students demonstrated stronger tolerance and trust. The study concludes that socio-economic status does affect certain dimensions of social maturity but not all. While both groups exhibit similar levels of responsibility and commitment, differences emerge in emotional resilience and interpersonal trust. Educationally, the findings highlight the need for targeted interventions--enhancing stress management skills among low-SES students while fostering tolerance and trust among high-SES students. The study emphasizes that balanced social maturity is essential for adolescent adjustment and long-term social contribution, making it crucial for educators, parents, and policymakers to design programs that address socio-economic disparities in adolescent development.

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social maturity of adolescents, high and low socio-economic status (SES) .

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Oral route of drug administration is the most convenient and commonly used method of drug delivery. However, this route has several physiological problems. Including an unpredictable gastric emptying rate that varies from person to person, a brief gastrointestinal transit time (80-12h), and the existence of an absorption window in the upper small intestine for several drugs. Development of rate controlled drug delivery systems to overcome physiological adversities such as short gastric residence times and unpredictable gastric emptying times. Differences in gastric physiology such as gastric pH and motility exhibit both intra and inter subject variability demonstrating significant impact on gastric residence time and drug delivery behavior. This triggered an increased interest towards formulation of novel delivery systems which retained in the stomach for prolonged and predictable period of time. Several approaches such as floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), swelling and expanding systems, bioadhesive systems, modified shape systems, high density systems or other delayed gastric emptying devices.

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floating drug delivery systems, absorption window, rate controlled drug delivery systems, gastric residence times, bioadhesive systems and gastric emptying times

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The main objective of the present study was to develop floating sustained release formulation containing 600 mg of Pregabalin for once daily therapy by using polymers like HPMC K100M, Sodium CMC, PEO. Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System improves the bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency of drug. In the preformulation FTIR study was carried out for pure drug (Pregabalin), Pregabalin and excipients. It has not shown any interaction. The prepared floating sustained release tablets were evaluated for various parameters like thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability and drug content uniformity. The formulated sustained release matrix tablets were then evaluated for various physical characteristics like thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content. Compared to all formulations F6 showed the best buoyancy lag time, the buoyancy lag time for F6 was foud to be 50Sec.Total floating time of all formulations was found to be >12 hours. The formulation containing HPMC K 100M shows the higher swelling compared to that of the formulations containing PEO, Sodium CMC

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floating sustained release formulation, HPMC K100M, Sodium CMC, PEO, buoyancy and buoyancy lag time

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Mucoadhesive patches of Sexagliptin containing 1 mg of drug were prepared successfully using HPMC (15 and 47 cps), PVA, and ethylcellulose polymers in different combinations and there were total six films were prepared. Optimized formula was evaluated and drug release pattern was studied. Water soluble polymers showed highest release compared to water insoluble polymers. More over the viscosity of the polymer also affects the drug release pattern. Formulations followed the zero order kinetics and Higuchi's model for drug release. In vivo absorption of drug in rabbits found that 80.14% within 30 min from the optimized formula. The in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVC) was attempted for the release and absorption of Sexagliptin from the patches. The correlation coefficient for patch BP-V was 0.996.

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Mucoadhesive patches, Sexagliptin, HPMC, zero order kinetics and Higuchi's model

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Morana Gureghar dam, seasonal variations, physic-chemical parameters.

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Videos have a long-term effect on learners. YouTube plays a major role in enhancing the learning of school students after school hours whenever they need to study at their own pace. When they learn from YouTube, the same concept can be explained by different teachers, and the best part is that they can learn at their own pace. YouTube acts as a complementary learning platform that fulfils the learning needs of learners with educational videos. The purpose is to find out the effects of YouTube educational Videos on learning among school students as Net Generation learners. The research is related to Educational Technology in which a questionnaire is prepared to ask general questions about YouTube and how YouTube educational videos help in studies and to improve the learning gaps, clearing doubts that arise in studies. Mixed Method Research design is used to conduct research. Both Quantitative and Qualitative methods are used to collect the data. A questionnaire is prepared, and data is collected through Google Forms. Semi-structured interviews are conducted to collect the data. The sample taken are school students from class 6th-8th. The major findings are that YouTube videos help school students fill their learning gaps by mobile learning using their mobile by doing self-paced learning, and videos have long-lasting effects on their learning.

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YouTube, Technology, Videos, Self-Paced Learning, Mobile Learning, Net Generation

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Women empowerment can be defined as follows- "Women empowerment is a process by which women become powerful. They can take every decision related to their life themselves and can live well in the family and society. Enabling them to get their real rights in society is women empowerment."

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Women Empowerment

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Across societies, marriage is a revered sacrament, legally and socially acknowledged as a bond between a man and a woman. It remains grounded in the idea of eternal devotion between spouses. Galo tribe is one of the prominent tribes nestled across different districts of Arunachal Pradesh. In this article an attempt has been made to study the various types of wedding customs being practised among the Galos. In Galo society, every person has the freedom to select their own life partner. Parents generally allow their children with significant independence in choosing whom to marry. The research paper uses both the primary and secondary sources that has been gathered through interviews, observations, and case studies conducted among the listed Galo communities spread across the state of Arunachal Pradesh.

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Marriage System, Customary laws, Child Marriage

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential for advancing social justice and empowering women across diverse social, economic, and political domains. As a tool, AI can help dismantle systemic barriers by improving women's access to healthcare, education, financial services, and job opportunities. However, for AI to truly serve as an instrument of empowerment, it must be developed and deployed through an inclusive, intersectional, and ethical framework that actively addresses and mitigates biases that can exacerbate gender inequality. This paper explores the dual role of AI in both promoting and potentially hindering women's empowerment. On one hand, AI applications tailored for health, safety, and economic inclusion can provide women with critical resources and autonomy. On the other, biased algorithms, lack of diversity in AI development, and inadequate privacy protections pose significant risks, particularly to marginalized women. Through examining real-world applications, challenges, ethical considerations, and case studies, this paper highlights the pressing need for gender-sensitive AI policies, diverse development teams, transparent algorithmic accountability, and robust privacy laws. Emphasizing social justice in AI's design and implementation will ensure that women are not just passive recipients of AI advancements but active beneficiaries and contributors in a more equitable technological future.

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AI and Women's Empowerment

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Competency-Based Education (CBE) is an evolving approach that emphasizes mastery of skills over traditional grading. This study explores teacher educators' perspectives on the implementation and impact of CBE in curriculum innovation. Using a survey research design, data were collected from 250 teacher educators across various institutions. Statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and regression analysis, was conducted to assess their awareness, attitudes, and perceived challenges. Results indicate that 78% of respondents support CBE, with younger educators (M=4.2, SD=0.8) showing significantly higher awareness than older counterparts (M=3.8, SD=0.9, p=0.03). Educators with less than 10 years of experience (M=4.3, SD=0.7) were more receptive to CBE than those with more experience (M=3.9, SD=0.8, p=0.02). Institutional support was a significant predictor of CBE adoption (?=0.45, p<0.01). The study offers insights for policymakers and educators to enhance competency-driven curricula in teacher training programs.

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Competency-Based Education, Teacher Educators, Curriculum Innovation, Survey Research, Educational Reform, Institutional Support.

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Road transport means carrying men and materials from one place to another place on the public or private roadways. Road transport is the fastest mode of transport to travel and deliver the goods quickly by the use of roads laid down by modern sophisticated technology. Road transport is the only transport which is simple and cheapest to reach all the places including remote areas. Road transport is the movement of people, goods or animals on road using vehicles like cars, buses, trucks, motor cycles, bicycles and carts.

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Road transport, Roadways, Highways, Vehicles, Technology

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Adansonia digitata L. is well known as African baobab. It is native to African subcontinent. Due to anthropogenic activities, the great genetic resources of it, is getting to the verge of extinction. The tree has profound both medicinal and non medicinal uses. It is called 'kalpvriksha' in Hindu mythological literature as all parts are useful. In present investigation a comparative analysis was done for both seed grown and air layered plant under different growth parameters for the first two months. The treatments employed were different in both case. In seed grown plants three treatments along with control were taken. Here T2 showed best result survival percentage 90%; plant mean height (in cm) 19.7(30D), 40.4(60D); branches emergences 4(30D), 10(60D); leaf emergence 10(30D), 11(60D) and highest plant girth (in cm) 2(30D), 2.5(60D). In air layered experiment the best result out of five treatments were seen in T5, survival percentage 100% (DAP), plant mean height (in cm) 28(30D), 56.4 (60D); branches emergence 8(30D), 14(60D); leaf emergence 24(30D), 49(60D) and highest plant girth (in cm) 1.2(30D), 2.1(60D).

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON SEED GROWN AND AIR LAYERED PLANTS OF ADANSONIA DIGITATA L.

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This paper presents LaSalle's Invariance Principle as a generalized tool for analyzing the stability of equilibrium points in linear differential equations. While Lyapunov's method is often used in stability analysis, LaSalle's principle provides a more flexible framework by allowing non-strict Lyapunov functions to assess stability. The paper discusses the theory behind LaSalle's Invariance Principle and demonstrates its application to linear systems through illustrative examples. This approach is particularly valuable in control theory, mechanical systems, and other areas where energy dissipation and damping are significant factors.

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LaSalle's Invariance Principle, linear differential equations, stability analysis, Lyapunov function, control theory

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Malaria, a persistent global health threat, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, is caused by Plasmodium species, parasites transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. This article delves into the intricate life cycle of the malaria parasite, focusing on its interaction with two hosts: humans and mosquitoes. Understanding the complexities of the Plasmodium life cycle is not just crucial but empowering, as it enables the development of better prevention and treatment strategies. This review outlines the stages of parasite development, from the initial infection in the human host to the maturation of the parasite within the mosquito, and discusses its profound impact on disease transmission and control efforts.

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Malaria, Plasmodium, Anopheles, Life cycle, Host-parasite interaction, Disease transmission.

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The following broad review aims at looking at the vibrational characteristics of potassium dihydrogen phosphate also known as KDP, a ferroelectric material with numerous tech applications. The investigation of vibrational properties of KDP is carried out using different types of spectroscopy techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering. The paper offers a detailed description of the vibrational modes in KDP, how they depend on the temperature and what influence hydrogen bonding has on the ferroelectricity of the compound. Some of the newly developed experimental methods and theoretical approaches are briefly presented, and vibrational analysis's current and potential roles in probing KDP's characteristics and functionalities are considered. Finally, we discuss potential developments of vibrational analysis for KDP-related applications.

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Vibrational Study of KDP: A Comprehensive Review

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The process of industrialisation begun in the 1760s in Britain. As we all know, the world had developed a lot since the ages of industrialisation and it marked with a change in the social and economic phenomena but at the same time new problems are arising with the industrial growth such as rising greenhouse gas, emissions, air pollution and water pollution, desertification and chemicals pollution, the erosion of the top soil had led to extreme pressure on the environment and impoverishes the population by destroying its natural resource base. Industrialisation in Assam dates back with the establishment of tea, coal, oil refineries and plywood industries leading to economic growth and development of the state. BCPL plant was set up in Dibrugarh district and came as a part of the historic Assam Accord signed on 15th August, 1985 with the motive of overall socio-economic development of the region, but with the operation of BCPL plant there have also been some negative effect arising such as environmental pollution and various types of difficulties and problems are faced by the people residing in nearby BCPL plant areas. The main objective of this paper is to look over/evaluate the negative effects of environmental degradation which are faced by the workers and nearby villagers due to the setting up of this plant.

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BCPL, Industrialisation, Environmental degradation, Socio-economic development.

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The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of pranayama on speed of girls. For the purpose of study 30 subjects were selected from DAV University Jalandhar. The speed was calculated by applying APPHER 50 yard run test. Before training pre-test was taken then after 12 week training the post-test was conducted and data was collected. The collected data was analyzed with the help of SPSS software. The result show that there was a significant effect on the speed of sports girls.

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Pranayama, Physical Fitness Component, speed, APPHER 50 yard Run Test, SPSS Software.

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The rapid advancement of digital technologies has ushered in an era where cybersecurity is paramount. As cyber threats grow in complexity and frequency, traditional methods of threat detection often fall short. In response to this escalating challenge, the integration of machine learning (ML) into cybersecurity threat detection systems offers a transformative solution. This paper explores the development of sophisticated ML models designed for detection of cybersecurity threats in real time, thereby fortifying digital defenses with unprecedented precision and agility. At the heart of this approach lies the ability of ML algorithms to analyze vast and diverse datasets, identifying patterns and anomalies that may elude human analysts. By leveraging supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning techniques, these models can be trained to recognize the subtleties of both known and novel threats. Supervised learning, with its reliance on labeled datasets, enables the detection of previously identified threats with high accuracy. In contrast, unsupervised learning excels at discovering new, unforeseen anomalies by clustering and segmenting data without prior labeling. Reinforcement learning, on the other hand, continuously improves threat detection strategies through a trial-and-error approach, learning optimal responses over time. Real-time threat detection necessitates not only swift identification but also immediate response mechanisms. ML models can be embedded into security infrastructures to provide continuous monitoring and instant alerts. They can autonomously implement pre-defined countermeasures, such as isolating affected systems or blocking malicious IP addresses, thereby mitigating damage while human experts evaluate and address the threat. This dynamic interplay between automated responses and human intervention ensures a robust defense strategy, adapting to evolving threats with remarkable speed. Moreover, the adaptability of ML models is a crucial advantage. As cyber threats evolve, so too can the models, learning from each new encounter to enhance their detection capabilities. Consequently, ML-based cybersecurity systems remain perpetually ahead of adversaries, continuously refining their defensive strategies.

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Cybersecurity, Threat detection, Machine learning, Real-time response, Digital defenses, Automated countermeasures, Continuous monitoring, Adaptive security, Transfer learning, Iterative learning, Cyber threats

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India faces the dual challenge of sustaining economic growth while ensuring environmental sustainability. This paper delves into the intricate interplay between India's sustainable development goals and its environmental policies. The paper assesses the effectiveness of sustainable development programs. Challenges such as regulatory enforcement, financial constraints, and the need for technological innovation are also discussed. The research underscores the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern practices to achieve a holistic approach to sustainability. Through a comprehensive analysis of policies and their outcomes, this paper provides insights into the successes and areas for improvement in India's journey towards sustainable development. The findings aim to inform policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers about the critical pathways for harmonizing development objectives with environmental stewardship in the context of a developing economy

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Sustaining economy, environmental sustainability, sustainable development, policies, holistic approach

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Mahila Shikshikaon Ke Karya Jivan Santulan - Ek Adhyyan

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Mahila Shikshikaon Ke Karya Jivan Santulan - Ek Adhyyan

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