Volume 13 | Issue 11

 Abstract

Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) have a bulk density less than gastric fluids and so remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting gastric emptying rate for a prolonged period of time. While the system is floating on the gastric contents, the drug is released slowly at the desired rate from the system. After release of drug, the residual system is emptied from the stomach. This results in an increased GRT and a better control of the fluctuations in plasma drug concentration. FDDS can be divided into non-effervescent and gas-generating system. The floating microspheres (Hollow Microspheres) are the gastro-retentive drug delivery systems based on non-effervescent approach. Hollow microspheres are in strict sense, spherical empty particles without core, free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers, ideally having a size in the range 1-1000 micro meter. Gastro-retentive floating microspheres are low-density systems that have sufficient buoyancy to float over gastric contents and remain in stomach for prolonged period. The drug is released slowly at desired rate resulting in increased gastric retention with reduced fluctuations in plasma drug concentration.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Microsphere, Gastro retentive, Hydrogels, Floating drug delivery system.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive legal and ethical analysis of the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into modern political campaigning. It examines the dualistic role of AI, which simultaneously offers unprecedented tools for voter engagement and campaign efficiency while posing significant threats to democratic integrity through the proliferation of disinformation, deepfakes, and invasive micro targeting. The paper conducts a comparative analysis of regulatory frameworks, contrasting the proactive, advisory-led approach of the Election Commission of India (ECI) with the comprehensive, rights-based EU AI Act and the fragmented, disclosure-focused legislation in the United States. Through an examination of key case laws, including the Cambridge Analytical scandal and incidents from the 2024 Indian general election, the paper identifies core challenges in regulation, such as the "pacing problem" of law versus technology and the tension between curbing harmful content and protecting free speech. The paper concludes by offering a multi-stakeholder framework of recommendations, advocating for amendments to existing Indian laws (the Representation of the People Act, 1951, and the Information Technology Act, 2000), mandating algorithmic and financial transparency, prohibiting specific malicious AI applications, and investing in public digital literacy to foster a resilient electorate.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial intelligence, technology, election, deepfake, campaigns, politics

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The research, entitled "A Study of Institutional and Psychosocial Factors in Accessing Academic Status among Prostitutes' Children", was done to study the correlation between institutional and psychosocial factors and academic efficacy of the children of prostitutes. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, and the sample consisted of 120 students from NGO-operated residential and government schools within Nagpur District, Maharashtra. Academic status, parental attitude, socioeconomic status, school environment, and teacher support were measured using standardized tools. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, t-tests, and ANOVA. The findings suggest a strong and positive correlation between academic efficacy and school environment, teacher support, parental attitudes, and socio-economic status. There was no significant difference in academic efficacy in relation to gender, but a significant difference was observed in relation to the different types of institutions, with students in NGO-run schools demonstrating higher academic efficacy. This research provides empirical evidence on institutional and psychosocial aspects which was related to academic efficacy and the necessity of inclusive educational methods for marginalized learners.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Academic efficacy, prostitutes' children, school environment, psychosocial factors, inclusive education

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Pilonidal sinus disease is a chronic granulomatous condition characterized by the presence of hair embedded within the subcutaneous tissue, leading to persistent infection and inflammation. The condition is often described as nests of hair due to its pathognomonic appearance . In classical Ayurvedic literature, Shalyaj Nadi Vrana described in the Sushruta Samhita bears a close resemblance to pilonidal sinus in both clinical presentation and management approach. Conventional surgical management typically involves excision of the sinus tract followed by primary closure however, this method carries a considerable risk of postoperative wound infection, delayed healing, and recurrence, often resulting in prolonged hospitalization . In contrast, rhomboid flap reconstruction has been shown to minimize recurrence rates and postoperative complications while enabling faster recovery and improved wound healing. This is case report of 20 years old male patient complaint of painful swelling at intergluteal cleft since 4 month and Blood stain pus discharge from lesion since 4 month with fever on& off & difficulty in sitting. Patient not given any previous history of surgical intervention. This patient underwent Rhomboid flap reconstructive procedure. Patient wound was healed primarily with minimal scarring and less postoperative pain, no flap necrosis, no seroma formation .

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pilonidal sinus , Rhomboid Flap Reconstruction ,Shalyaj Nadivrana

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Globalization has brought about profound changes in various sectors, including the food system, in an increasingly interconnected world. As nations and economies become more interdependent, food production, distribution and consumption have undergone significant transformations. This paper aims to explore the multifaceted impact of globalization on the food system, shedding light on both the positive and negative consequences that have emerged. Food globalization refers to the worldwide exchange and consumption of food products, resulting in a diverse and interconnected global food market. This phenomenon has been driven by advances in transportation, communication and trade policies, allowing culinary ingredients and dishes to cross borders and cultures. Food globalization describes the worldwide distribution and sharing of food products, culinary practices and food-related knowledge. As an essential aspect of globalization, it reflects how food products and practices cross international boundaries. This process influences cultural traditions, economic dynamics and nutritional choices, impacting both producers and consumers globally. Food globalization has historical roots in ancient trade routes such as the Silk Road and the Spice Routes. These ancient pathways facilitated the exchange of spices, grains and other food items among different civilizations. Today, advancements in transportation and communication continue to accelerate the spread of food products worldwide, increasing accessibility and variety for consumers everywhere.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Globalization, trade policies, phenomenon, culinary ingredients, nutritional choices.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filters, primarily composed of borosilicate fiberglass fibers, offer high-efficiency filtration of airborne contaminants but pose latent health and environmental risks. This paper explores the potential health hazards of fiberglass particle release from HEPA filters, evidence from experimental studies and case reports associating fiberglass and silica dust with respiratory diseases like silicosis. It also addresses economic and environmental issues of cartridge disposal and replacement costs. The need for transitioning to natural fiber-based sustainable filters that offer safer, biodegradable, and cost-effective alternatives is underscored.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Health Risks and Environmental Concerns of Fiberglass-Based HEPA Filters and Advantages of Natural Sustainable Alternatives

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Moral values are central to shaping adolescents into ethical and responsible citizens. However, in today's rapidly changing world, exposure to social media, peer influence, and shifting family dynamics has led to increasing moral dilemmas among young learners. This study, based on Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, examined the moral reasoning of adolescent students with respect to grade and gender. Using a descriptive survey method, data were collected from 73 students of Grades VIII and IX through a validated rating scale aligned to Kohlberg's three levels of morality. Results revealed that students demonstrated the highest mean scores in post-conventional reasoning, followed by pre-conventional and conventional reasoning. Grade IX students showed significantly higher post-conventional reasoning than Grade VIII, reflecting developmental progression, while reliance on pre-conventional and conventional reasoning declined. Gender-wise, girls scored significantly higher at the pre-conventional level, but no significant differences were observed at the conventional and post-conventional levels. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening moral education during adolescence to nurture principled, value-driven decision-making in students.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Moral Values, Adolescents, Kohlberg's Theory

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Oral dissolving films (ODFs) are advanced oral dosage forms designed for application onto the buccal mucosa, offering both local and systemic therapeutic effects. These films are often preferred over conventional oral drug delivery systems due to their flexibility, ease of use, and improved patient comfort. ODFs leverage the bioadhesive properties of certain polymers, which, upon hydration, adhere to specific mucosal regions for prolonged periods. This allows them to bypass first-pass metabolism and enhance bioavailability. Additionally, they are self-administerable, cost-effective, and exhibit high patient compliance. Among the various techniques used for formulating ODFs, the solvent casting method is the most widely employed. Typically, hydrophilic polymers are combined with other excipients to create films that disintegrate rapidly, releasing the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) within seconds. ODFs provide multiple advantages, including ease of access, simple administration and withdrawal, strong mucosal retention, low enzymatic degradation, cost-efficiency, and enhanced patient compliance. These attributes contribute to their growing potential for commercial and therapeutic application. This review focuses on the mechanism of action, advantages, formulation components, preparation methods, evaluation parameters, and currently marketed ODF products. It also discusses advancements in novel fast-dissolving technologies within this drug delivery platform.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Solvent casting method, Rolling Method, flexible films, Compressed film based-systems, Mucoadhesive sustained release films

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As urban centers continue to experience the direct and indirect impacts of climate change, understanding how city residents perceive and respond to these challenges is crucial for effective policy and community engagement. This study explores the levels of awareness, knowledge and climate-related actions among residents in selected municipal areas of Dibrugarh city. A random sampling method is used to collect information through a semi-structured interview schedule. Findings reveal a significant gap between climate change awareness and actionable knowledge with socio-economic status, education level. The study highlights the need for targeted communication strategies, community-based programs and inclusive urban policies to bridge the gap between concern and action. These insights are essential for fostering resilient urban communities capable of responding effectively to climate challenges.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

City residents, climate change, awareness, knowledge action

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Earthquakes are natural phenomena that generate intense ground motions, which can adversely impact structural systems. While mild tremors may not be perceptible to humans, stronger ones can cause serious structural damage. Shear walls are introduced in buildings to improve lateral stiffness, enhance ductility, minimise lateral displacements, and increase overall structural safety in seismic design. Controlling storey drift and lateral displacement is essential. Shear walls, which are vertical reinforced concrete (RC) elements extending from the foundation upwards, play a key role in resisting lateral seismic forces and limiting storey displacements. However, enclosing a building entirely with shear walls may negatively affect its architectural appearance. As a result, shear walls are typically positioned at selected locations, such as the sides or corners. In low-rise structures, bracing systems may be an option, but these are often unsuitable for taller buildings.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Shear walls, lateral displacement, story drift, story shear, story bending, response spectrum, time history analysis.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords Mefenamic Acid, microwave-assisted synthesis, nano bio-composite, encapsulation efficiency, solubility enhancement, sustained release, gastrointestinal stability, statistical optimization, PLGA, PVA.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study examined the relationship between personality traits and impulsive buying behavior among young adults. A total of 153 participants (aged 18-25 years) were selected using convenience sampling, and data were collected through the Neo-FFI-3 (Costa & McCrae, 2004) and the Buying Impulsiveness Scale (Rook & Fisher, 1995). Descriptive statistics and Pearson's product-moment correlation were used for analysis. The results showed that extraversion and impulsive buying were significantly positively correlated, meaning that people who were gregarious and outgoing were more likely to make impulsive purchases. However, there were significant negative correlations between impulsive buying and conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness. This suggests that people who are self-disciplined, empathetic, and reflective are more resistant to impulsive tendencies. A weak negative correlation was found between neuroticism and impulsive buying, suggesting that people with emotional instability were somewhat less likely to do so, perhaps as a result of their inability to make decisions and fear of regret. Conscientiousness is the strongest protective factor, according to the study, which shows that personality traits have a significant impact on consumer behavior. The psychological foundations of consumer impulsivity are better understood thanks to these findings, which also have applications in marketing tactics, financial literacy, and consumer awareness.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Personality traits, Big Five, impulsive buying, consumer behavior, young adults

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Procrastination is a common challenge among young adults, often linked to academic stress, reduced performance, and emotional distress. While perfectionism has been consistently identified as a significant predictor of procrastination, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not yet fully understood. Fear of failure, which is closely associated with perfectionistic tendencies, may act as a critical mediator that explains why individuals with high perfectionism tend to delay tasks. This study aims to examine the mediating role of fear of failure in the relationship between perfectionism and procrastination among young adults aged 18-25 years. A quantitative research design will be employed, using standardized self-report measures to assess levels of perfectionism, fear of failure, and procrastination. Data will be collected from a sample of 100-200 young adults through purposive sampling. Statistical analyses, including correlation and mediation analyses, will be conducted to explore the strength and significance of the relationships among the variables. It is expected that fear of failure will significantly mediate the link between perfectionism and procrastination, highlighting it as a key psychological mechanism contributing to task avoidance. The findings of this study aim to enhance understanding of maladaptive perfectionism and procrastination and provide practical implications for academic counseling, mental health interventions, and strategies to promote effective time management and coping among young adults.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

perfectionism, procrastination, fear of failure, mediation analysis

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Carbon Footprint Optimization Optimize AI-powered Carbon footprint prediction for Sustainable Logistics is a project that is expected to predict and optimize the carbon emission at different points in the supply chain. The system measures carbon footprint using machine learning models including the Random Forest, LSTM and XGBoost, and GRU applications that offer precise predictions of carbon footprint. In the project, generative AI is integrated to produce summaries, offer actionable sustainability information, and possible ESG risk hotspots. The dataset captures the factors like procurement, energy usage, modes of transportation and external factors like weather, which contribute towards the emissions. It is an HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python (Flask), and hosted on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) platform which provides an easy to use interface with modules such as Home, Register, Login, dashboard and Logout. Some of the dashboard features include predictions, SHAP plot, and ESG insights, which help organizations to reduce the environmental impact. This system is aimed at facilitating the decision-making process and ensuring sustainability through areas of the improvement of emissions management. The suggested generative AI will complement the entire system with proposals on how to streamline the workings of the system, minimize emissions, and increase the sustainability of the supply chain.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Carbon Footprint, Machine Learning, Sustainability, ESG, Emissions Prediction, Generative AI, Supply Chain, Optimization, Random Forest, LSTM, XGBoost, GRU, Flask.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fintech driven financial services in India have created a payments environment that is instant, interoperable, API based, and deeply embedded in everyday economic activity. Unified Payments Interface volumes, NPCI rails for IMPS, AePS, FASTag, and QR based collections, together with smartphone penetration, have produced a payment layer in which value moves at a speed that legacy banking controls did not anticipate. This speed has carried a parallel surge in frauds and techno economic crimes such as social engineering-based UPI authorisations, card not present misuse routed through merchant accounts, identity theft to open mule accounts, pig butchering through unregistered apps, unauthorised digital lending with coercive recovery, and cross border laundering of virtual digital assets through exchanges that fall outside Indian supervision. RBI, MeitY, FIU IND, ED, CERT In and NPCI have responded with overlapping standards, for instance the 2017 customer liability circular, the 2019 turnaround time framework, the 2022 CERT In six hour reporting requirement, the 2023 and 2024 amendments to the IT Intermediary Rules, the 2022 RBI digital lending guidelines, and the DPDP Act 2023 obligations for data fiduciaries including financial sector entities, yet offenders continue to exploit jurisdictional gaps, inconsistent attribution of liability, long investigation cycles under the BNSS 2023, and the absence of a unified fintech crime code. The problem is aggravated by the emergence of VDA service providers that came under PMLA only in March 2023 and that continue to receive show cause and penalty actions for non-compliance in 2024 and 2025, which confirms that AML controls have not travelled at the same pace as fintech innovation in India. A critical analysis of these laws shows that the legal tools exist, from "Section 66C" and "Section 66D of the Information Technology Act, 2000" to "Section 43A" civil compensation, from "Section 13 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002" to "Section 318 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023", but they are fragmented across regulators, triggered on different thresholds, and often written for a pre-UPI environment. The present legal research study therefore argues for a tighter articulation of fintech crime categories, a harmonised attribution of loss and restitution across RBI and NPCI rails, stronger data protection overlays for fintech lenders, and a policing procedure that preserves electronic evidence in a manner that meets BSA and BNSS requirements for trial. It also points toward the growing role of self-regulatory organisations in fintech under the RBI's 2024 framework as a bridge between rule writing and day to day market behaviour, especially for merchant monitoring, LSP governance, and API security.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fintech crime; digital payments; UPI fraud; PMLA; IT Act; DPDP Act; digital lending; payment aggregators; intermediary liability; electronic evidence

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition