Volume 13 | Issue 11

 Abstract

The present study attempts to analyse inter-regional disparity in infrastructure in the state of Odisha. Three separate indices have been developed for different categories of infrastructure: physical, social and financial - with the help of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) before unifying them to a single index known as the Composite Infrastructure Index (CII). The study finds the existence of vertical inequality in the spread of different categories of infrastructure in the state. Disparity is sharp in the case of financial infrastructure. The study attributes underdevelopment of Kalahandi- Balangir -Koraput (KBK) belt and some of districts of western- central Odisha to the underdevelopment of infrastructure. The analysis concludes that the formation of special plans such as the KBK plan and the formation of Western Odisha Development Council (WODC) by the government are good steps.

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Infrastructure index, Disparity, Principal component analysis, Odisha

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The present paper reports the density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity over the entire range of composition of propan-1-ol + P-anisaldehyde and Propan-2-ol + P-anisaldehyde at 298.15 K, experiment data were used to calculate acoustical parameters such as acoustic impedance(z), relative association (RA), internal pressure(?int), intermolecular free length(Lf), Adiabatic compressibility (Ks) and apparent molar volume (V(?1)). The results were discussed in term of molecular interaction between the components of system binary liquid mixtures.

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Density, Ultrasonic velocity, Molecular interaction, viscosity.

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Microencapsulation is a technique by which thin coatings of wall material are formed around the substances which may be solids, liquids or even gases, enclosed in microscopic particles. Microencapsulated products (micro particles) are the small entities that have an active agent known as the core material surrounded by a shell known as the coating material or embedded into a matrix structure. Microencapsulation is an advanced food processing technology, using which any compound can be encapsulated inside a particular material, making a tiny sphere of diameter ranging from 1 ?m to several 100 ?m. Microencapsulation is done for protecting the sensitive compounds and hence, ensuring their safe delivery. The compound or active material which is encapsulated is called the core and the material which is used for encapsulating is called the encapsulant. Encapsulants can be either polymeric or nonpolymeric materials like cellulose, ethylene glycol, and gelatine . There are several techniques used for microencapsulation. Fluidized bed coating, spray cooling, spray drying, extrusion, and coacervation are few to be named. The selection of a particular technique depends upon the properties of the core material, encapsulant, and different properties and morphology of the capsules desired. Microencapsulation is a technology that is extensively used in foods, whether as a fortifying tool or as a mode for the development of a functional food.

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microcapsule, microencapsulation , microsphere, coating material ,controlled release, core materials.

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A nuanced understanding of the distinctions between an order, a judgment, and a decree is essential to comprehending the procedural framework that governs civil adjudication in India. These three concepts, though closely related, represent different stages and functions within the judicial process established under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC). The CPC serves as the cornerstone of civil justice, outlining the step-by-step mechanism for instituting suits, regulating the conduct of proceedings, and determining the legal consequences of judicial findings. It ensures that every decision rendered by a civil court follows a structured process that upholds the principles of natural justice, fairness, and transparency. A judgment embodies the court's reasoning and conclusions on the matters in dispute, reflecting the judicial mind at work. A decree is the formal expression of that adjudication, conclusively determining the rights and liabilities of the parties involved. An order, on the other hand, addresses procedural or interlocutory matters that arise during litigation and does not necessarily dispose of the suit. Although they operate within the same legal framework, each plays a distinct role in ensuring the orderly administration of justice and the enforceability of judicial outcomes. This research aims to analyze the conceptual foundations, statutory provisions, and judicial interpretations that define the nature and scope of orders, judgments, and decrees under the CPC. It also explores their interrelationship, procedural significance, and the implications they carry for litigants and the justice delivery system. By drawing upon landmark judgments, the study seeks to clarify ambiguities, promote procedural consistency, and contribute to a deeper understanding of civil procedure in India.

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1. Civil Code, 2. Order, 3. Judgment, 4. Decree

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Abstract Perianal abscess is a common acute anorectal condition characterized by localized pain, swelling, tenderness, and pus collection in the perianal region. In modern medicine, it is primarily attributed to cryptoglandular infection and a high risk of fistula-in-ano. Ayurveda provides a detailed description of analogous conditions under Vidradhi and the Purvarupa of Bhagandara. Acharyas such as Sushruta and Charaka describe symptoms including pain, swelling, suppuration, burning, and discharge, which closely correlate with the clinical features of perianal abscess. This review explores Ayurvedic conceptualization, classical references, modern understanding, and integrative approaches of management. The article also research evidence from clinical studies, and the scope of integrative protocols. Early recognition and timely intervention through Ayurveda and modern proctology can prevent complications, especially the transition of abscess into fistula, thereby reducing recurrence and improving quality of life.

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Keywords: Perianal Abscess, Vidradhi, Bhagandara, Purvarupa, Ayurveda, Shastra Karma.

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Neuromarketing is a cutting-edge interdisciplinary field that blends neuroscience, psychology, and marketing to better understand consumer behavior. By examining the brain's responses to marketing stimuli, neuromarketing provides valuable insights into how individuals make purchasing decisions--often beyond conscious awareness. This paper explores the theoretical foundations of neuromarketing, the tools and techniques used in the field, and how brain activity can reveal consumer preferences. Additionally, the paper highlights real-world applications, ethical implications, limitations, and future directions. Through this comprehensive exploration, we gain a deeper understanding of how businesses can ethically harness the subconscious mind to enhance marketing strategies and consumer engagement.

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Neuromarketing, Psychology, Consumer decisions, Subconscious mind, Marketing strategies, Consumer engagement.

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Life satisfaction, an essential measure of overall well-being, is closely associated with job satisfaction, especially in high-pressure industries such as insurance. This review consolidates existing research on life satisfaction among workers in both public and private sector insurance firms, emphasizing comparative studies, contributing factors, and the implications for organizational practices. Based on empirical research primarily conducted in India and other developing economies, the findings indicate varied outcomes: employees in the public sector frequently report higher life satisfaction attributed to job security and work-life balance, whereas those in the private sector enjoy superior training and incentives but encounter increased stress levels. Significant factors include workload, remuneration, and social support. The review underscores the need for more longitudinal studies and advocates for initiatives aimed at improving well-being. The references comprise 15 academic sources.

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Life satisfaction, Job satisfaction, Insurance sector, Public vs. private, Employee well-being

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The shift toward remote work environments has significantly increased the risk of cybersecurity threats, exposing organizational assets to malicious activities such as phishing, unauthorized access, and malware infiltration. Many small to medium- sized enterprises (SMEs) lack the resources or technical capacity to implement complex Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems or automated orchestration frame- works. This paper presents the design and implementation of a simplified, rule-based Intelligent Incident Response System (IIRS) tailored for remote work environments. The pro- posed system focuses on real-time system monitoring, severity- based incident categorization, and email-based alerting. By leveraging lightweight technologies such as Python, psutil for resource monitoring, and smtplib for alert dissemination, the tool ensures efficient detection of anomalies based on CPU us- age, memory spikes, and suspicious processes. Detected events are classified into low, medium, or high-risk categories, triggering appropriate logging or notification actions. Incident data is stored in a local SQLite database for audit and analysis. The system is designed for ease of deployment, minimal dependencies, and adaptability to evolving organizational needs. This work aims to bridge the gap between minimal-resource environments and the need for actionable cybersecurity response mechanisms, making incident handling accessible and scalable for distributed workforces.

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Incident Response, Remote Work Security, Sys- tem Monitoring, Threat Detection, Rule-Based Classification, Email Alerts, SQLite Logging, Security Automation, Lightweight Security Tool, Cybersecurity

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Abstract Sleep disturbances are prevalent among young adults, primarily due to academic stress, irregular routines, and technology use. Conventional treatments like pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) face limitations in safety, accessibility, and adherence. Acupuncture, a core modality in Traditional Chinese Medicine, has emerged as a safe and effective complementary approach. This narrative review synthesizes recent clinical and mechanistic evidence on acupuncture's efficacy in improving sleep quality among young adults. Findings from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses indicate significant improvements in both subjective measures (PSQI, ISI) and objective sleep parameters (TST, SE, REM). Mechanisms include modulation of neurotransmitters (GABA, serotonin, melatonin), regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and restoration of autonomic balance. Commonly used acupoints such as HT7, SP6, GV20, and PC6 demonstrate consistent therapeutic benefits. Acupuncture is comparably effective to CBT-I and pharmacotherapy, with fewer adverse effects and sustained post-treatment benefits. Despite methodological limitations and limited age-specific data, current evidence supports acupuncture as a viable non-pharmacological intervention for improving sleep quality in young adults.

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Acupuncture; Sleep quality; Young adults; Insomnia; Traditional Chinese Medicine; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Non-pharmacological therapy; Neurotransmitter modulation; Autonomic balance; HPA axis.

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Abstract: Cybersecurity has evolved to be a basic protection tool to the backbone of our digital world system. Its purpose is to ensure that the networks, applications and data used in the modern society is secure, private as well as resilient. Since the pace of digital transformation increases and the massive expansion of data, devices and cloud services increase opportunities and vulnerabilities, one can quite readily spot where these obstacles are encountered. The ever-changing nature of the developing technologies of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing pose a growing threat to the adversaries. This paper gives the overall picture of key security trends of 2020-2025. Specifically, we pay attention to such recent developments as Explainable AI (XAI), Zero-Trust Architectures, blockchain-based security, and AI-based defence in the context of cloud, edge, and IoT environments. The classification of the cyberattacks also includes their sources, i.e., the exploits in the web or application layer, attacks that were based on the access to the device, quantum attacks, and AI-enabled attacks, which precondition the comprehensive picture of the threat landscape. Lastly, the paper suggests the key issues in the field, the gaps in the research, and the road-map of creating resilient, adaptive, and intelligent cyber security solutions that can adopt AI, blockchain, and Zero-Trust to enhance the performance of digital defence strategies.

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Keywords - Cyber security, Artificial Intelligence, Explainable AI, Zero-Trust Architecture, Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Internet of Things (IoT).

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This paper explores the presence of Keatsian sensuousness in Alice Munro's short story "Images"(1968), arguing that Munro's prose, though rooted in Canadian realism, resonates with the Romantic aesthetics of John Keats. Building on Matthew Arnold's and Andrew Motion's assessments of Keats's richly sensuous style, the essay outlines five features, pictorial richness, luxuriance, emotional warmth, and the merging of beauty with truth-and applies them to Munro's text. In "Images," Munro deploys vivid sensory details of snow, silence, and barn interiors to construct memory and atmosphere in ways reminiscent of Keats's odes.

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Keatsian sensuousness, images, sensory images, tactile impressions, luxuriance

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Soil plays an very Important role in agriculture. Farmers generally test the soil conventionally. They collect the sample from the farm and then send to laboratory and report comes within days or weeks, to overcome this problem our project steps in. Conventional soil testing techniques involve farmers to take samples of soil, have them analyzed at laboratories, which take days or even weeks to obtain reports, and by the time decisions for applying fertilizer have to be taken, it may already have been done, hence the results cannot always be utilized effectively. Our aim is to monitor the soil microbial health Powered sensor which works on solar or battery. The system enables real-time, low-cost, and remote soil health monitoring for long term farming. This project mainly based on the system is software as well as hardware. The idea behind this project is thus very evident, we would like to assist farmers in getting more productivity per unit land, in cutting down unnecessary fertilizer usage, keeping microbes healthy, and working on optimal balance of critical soil parameters such as CO2 and nitrate, as these two are reliable indicators of soil respiration, nutrient cycling, and general fertility.This project uses IoT enabled biosensor to keep the record of soil parameters which is analyzed by AI. sensors like CO2, Nitrate, Moisture,Temperature,pH are used and then analyzed by AI algorithms. It calculates a soil boilogical health score and provides guidance to farmers related to soil microbial health. A simple Soil biological health score card will be generated by the trained model which is easily readable by the farmers. the system recommends fertilizers and crops suitable for the soil which will help farmer to take quick and ecofriendly actions which will help farmers to enhance their yield.

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Soil Health Monitoring, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Biosensors, Smart Agriculture, Microbial Activity Detection

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The Indian judicial system continues to face challenges of case backlogs, delayed hearings, and limited accessibility for citizens. Everdict is a dual-AI judicial assistance platform designed to digitize and simplify this ecosystem through intelligent automation and conversational interaction. It introduces two coordinated AI subsystems -- the K-Chatbot, which provides citizens with legal knowledge and procedural guidance, and the AI Agent, which automates complaint filing, paperwork, lawyer allocation, and case tracking. This paper presents Everdict's architecture, workflow, and its potential to improve transparency, fairness, and efficiency across India's judicial processes. Furthermore, the system promotes lawyer visibility, public legal awareness, and data-driven case prioritization, contributing toward India's Digital Governance and e-Judiciary initiatives.

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Artificial Intelligence, Legal Chatbot, Judiciary Automation, LawTech, e-Governance, NLP, Case Management

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The objective of this paper is to critically examine the legal framework governing celebrity rights under Indian intellectual property law. It explores how existing statutes--particularly the Copyright Act, 1957 and the Trade Marks Act, 1999--extend protection to various aspects of celebrity identity. The paper also discusses the evolution of celebrity rights, their recognition by Indian courts, and the comparative treatment of these rights in other jurisdictions. Key judgments that have shaped the Indian position are analyzed to highlight judicial approaches toward protecting personality, publicity, and privacy rights. In addition, the study reviews international conventions and practices adopted by other countries to secure celebrity identities. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at strengthening the recognition and enforcement of celebrity rights in India, emphasizing the urgent need for a comprehensive legislative framework dedicated to this domain.

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Celebrity Rights; Personality Rights; Publicity Rights; Right to privacy; Intellactual Property Rights; Copyright Act,1957; Trademark Act,1999; Indian Judiciary; Digital Identity Protection; International Legal Framework.

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Ayurveda, the ancient science and philosophy of life, emphasizes the use of medicinal plants for maintaining health and treating diseases since early times. Piper longum Linn. (Pippali), commonly known as long pepper, is a highly valued medicinal herb in Ayurveda and traditional medicine systems. It possesses diverse therapeutic properties such as carminative, digestive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial actions. Pippali is used to treat respiratory disorders (asthma, cough, bronchitis), digestive issues (indigestion, loss of appetite), and liver ailments, and also acts as a bioavailability enhancer for various drugs. The plant contains major phytoconstituents such as piperine, piperlongumine, piplartine, piperlonguminine, and various essential oils and alkaloids, which contribute to its pharmacological effects. This review highlights the botanical description, Ayurvedic properties (Rasa: Katu; Guna: Laghu, Snigdha; Virya: Ushna; Vipaka: Madhura), formulations, therapeutic uses, dosage, and pharmacological activities of Piper longum Linn. Additionally, pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical analyses of its fruit, including macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, physico-chemical constants, TLC, and HPTLC profiles, are discussed.

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Pippali,( piperine) ayurvedic medicine ,herbal preparation.

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Childhood is one of the most important and blissful stages in every human life, but it is never so with every child. Some children, especially orphans, have to face lots of problems in their lives, and there is no one to think about them, to console them, to help them exist in their lives. India is home to the largest population of orphan children (31 million) in South Asia. These children are at increased risk of psychosocial distress. After reviewing many studies were undertaken to assess the mental health among orphans placed in institutions, showed that in negative emotions like: depression, distress, anxiety, behavioral and emotional disorders, hyperactivity, abnormal pro -social behavior, peer problem, phobias, post traumatic disorder and aggressiveness orphans children and adolescents ranked high, even much higher compared to their normal counterparts in a society. The majority of research indicated that Orphans proved to be highly at risk of psychological disorders as compared to their non-orphan brethren. Some other studies showed that maternal death hurts the psychosocial well-being of the participants; their strong feelings for their mothers negatively affected their ability to develop coping strategies, which led to isolation, sadness, hopelessness, lack of peace, and fear of an uncertain future. This review article will highlight an immediate need for a supporting framework in the form of an intervention programme to meet the needs of such vulnerable groups so that they may avail themselves of the suitable services and advantages overall.

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Keywords: Psychological Well-being, Orphan, Childhood, Mental Health, Intervention program,

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Abstract: Cloud computing is a service model that provides users with the facility to store data remotely, thereby avoiding the cost and complexity of local data storage and maintenance. Numerous data integrity auditing schemes have been proposed to ensure the integrity of data stored in the cloud. In existing systems, users are required to use a private key to generate data authentication. To store this private key, users need hardware tokens (e.g., USB tokens, smart cards) and must remember a password to activate the key. If the hardware token is lost or the password is forgotten, most current data integrity auditing schemes become unusable. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new paradigm called data integrity auditing without private key storage and design a corresponding scheme. In the proposed system, biometric data (e.g., iris scan, fingerprint) is used as a fuzzy private key, eliminating the need for a hardware token. To verify user identity, a linear sketch with coding and error correction techniques is employed. Furthermore, we design a new signature scheme that supports blockless verifiability and is compatible with the linear sketch. Security proofs and performance analysis demonstrate that our proposed scheme achieves both high security and efficiency.

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Cloud Computing,Data Integrity Auditing,Biometric Authentication,Fuzzy Private Key,Linear Sketch,Error Correction,Blockless Verifiability.

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ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the attitudes toward gender roles and attitude towards equity among married population. Understanding these concepts is vital for assessing how traditional and progressive beliefs coexist in modern society and their impact on social and domestic behaviors. The research utilized a quantitative approach, targeting married participants. Data collection involved the Gender Role Attitude Scale (GRAS; Zeynelo?lu & Terzio?lu, 2011) and the Gender Equity Scale (Kostick, Schensul, Singh, Pelto, & Saggurti, 2011), both designed to gauge individual beliefs and perceptions regarding gender roles and equity across different aspects of life. Additionally, the study collected demographic data including age, gender, and educational level. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied to identify trends in gender role attitudes and views on gender equity. The expected findings aim to enhance understanding of current gender norms among adults and inform strategies for promoting gender equality within social and domestic settings. These results will be valuable for educators, policymakers, and social organizations working to challenge conventional gender norms and encourage egalitarian practices.

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Orthodontics, Clear Aligners, Conventional Braces, Aesthetics, Treatment Efficacy.

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This study explores the challenges associated with impulsive buying behavior in online shopping, highlighting its impact on both consumers and businesses. The convenience of digital platforms, personalized advertisements, and promotional strategies often trigger unplanned purchases, leading consumers to experience financial difficulties, regret, and reduced satisfaction. For businesses, impulsive buying can result in inconsistent sales, increased product returns and weakened customer loyalty. Understanding these challenges is essential to develop strategies that encourage responsible consumer behaviour and promote sustainable online retail practices.

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Personalized Advertisements, Increased Product Returns, Unplanned Purchases

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