Volume 12 | Issue 11

 Abstract

The mounting concerns for water scarcity pose specific threats to the WANA region in general and to Syria in particular. This region witnessed how every conflict has compounded due to lack of water. In such a scenario the major flaw lies with the government as it could neither stop the recurring conflict nor it could develop any sustainable water policy. WHO documents that almost 1/5th of the world's population (approx. 1.2 billion) people live in areas where water is physically scarce. Limited studies done in the area of water shortage and water resources portray a gloomy picture. A survey conducted by UNDP in Syria documents 1.7 billion cubic meters of water in 2010 which slipped to 1 billion cubic meters by 2019. Even after the war in 2022, it was reported that the production has been reduced to 600 million cubic meters. There are almost 37 water legislations and legal initiatives taken through resolution by the Syrian Arab Republic between 2005-2012, but the crucial question that persists is how far these initiatives can solve the alarming issue of water scarcity in Syria. It can also be understood that there was no comprehensive water law until 2005. In light of such a grim situation, it becomes pertinent to understand the causes contributing to water scarcity in Syria and to analyze the viable initiative undertaken to combat the challenge. This paper aims not only to study the water scarcity scenario in Syria but also to contribute to the literary resources available on this aspect of the study.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

water scarcity, sustainability, conflict, climate change, risk

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Anxiety in children is an increasing concern that impacts their emotional and psychological health. While traditional interventions typically include therapeutic practices and medication, alternative methods like colour therapy and Surya Chikitsa (sunlight therapy) have shown potential in enhancing conventional treatments. This research examines the effectiveness of blue colour therapy and Surya Chikitsa in reducing anxiety in children, offering insights into how they work and their possible advantages. This study explores the impact of blue colour therapy and Surya Chikitsa on anxiety in children, using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-parent to measure outcomes. Data was collected for 33 children aged between 7-13 years across the country. The study's goal is to provide empirical evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions and to investigate their potential as complementary or alternative treatments for childhood anxiety. Through this research, we hope to enhance the understanding and application of holistic therapeutic practices in the field of child mental health.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blue colour, Surya Chikitsa, Anxiety, Holistic Therapies, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-parents (SCAS-P)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) is widely accessible for users and procedure the ability to carry-out financial transactions and Banking functions in continuous time basis at any time. It made banking transactions effortless for customers current ATM's have access card and pin authentication for unique information. This explains ATMs to lot of financial theft like card theft, pin theft and stealing account holder information. It will make the multilevel high- end security to find the authorized user in the ATM machine and make secured and more safety for transaction. OpenCV library to analyze the person authorized identification by capturing the human face initially it begins with the entering the pin number if entered pin is correct then the process continues with the face recognition. If the entered pin is incorrect then it sends OTP on the registered Outlook mail. Then, if the entered OTP is correct the process continues or otherwise the transaction is declined. If the person is authorized it keeps continuing if the person is unauthorized, it sends alert mail and SMS to the registered user using the fast2sms messaging platform. It will forward the persons image which was taken at the time of withdrawal in the ATM to the mail registered with the user itself after the completion of the transaction

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ATM Security, PIN Authentication, Face Recognition, OpenCV, OTP, User Authentication, Real-Time Alerts.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Prompt engineering has become a crucial technique in artificial intelligence, especially in NLP, because the performance of large language models increasingly depends on input prompts. The paper explores the principles and methodologies of prompt engineering, including how carefully designed prompts improve AI performance across different applications. Prompting techniques are categorized into zero-shot, one-shot, and few-shot learning. It examines their effects on the quality of output and critiques approaches like prompt templates and interactive prompting for improving AI dialogue. Effective prompting is highly flexible in creative writing, technical documentation, and conversational AI; however, it still poses challenges through the ambiguity of natural language, biases in the responses that it produces, and generalization. Outline for future research: adaptive prompting and user-centric design-issues to be addressed; AI usability to be enhanced, and underlines finally the critical role of prompt engineering in developing smarter AI systems that align with the users' intent.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Prompt Engineering, AI Performance Optimization, Large Language Models (LLMs), Interactive Prompting, Natural Language Processing (NLP), AI Bias and Fairness, Zero-shot Learning, User-Centric Design, Few-shot Learning, Adaptive Prompting

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The child of today represents the future, a future not solely owned by parents, but by the entire nation. They are the valuable assets of our society, holding the key for the development of our nation. But the issue of social deviance has become a big concern for society. The rise of modernisation and urbanisation along with the advancement of science and technology has contributed to the growth of socially disoriented and maladjusted youths in our society. The increasing trend of materialistic culture, peer pressure, abandonment, abuse and mental stress may be some of the factors that may make a child to be in conflict with law. This review paper comprehensively analyses the factors which leads to juvenile delinquency and also studies the challenges and strategies in reintegrating the juvenile back into the society.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Factors of juvenile delinquency, Vocational and Educational Programmes, Reintegration and Recidivism

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In today's world people start their day with smart phones and they are easily attracted towards recent updates and ads in social media accounts. Now-a-days social media platforms like WhatsApp, Instagram, You Tube, Facebook etc. influence consumer behaviour a lot and also make purchase very easy through online. Hence the aim of this study is to examine how social media will influence consumer behaviour of general public and also analyse the factors affecting the general public to purchase through social media platforms.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

To analyse how have social media channels affected buying behaviour of consumers To identify the factors that motivate consumers to shop through social media platforms 3. To find out which is the best social media preferred by customers

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Introduction: Neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), are characterized by the progressive deterioration of neuronal structure and function, leading to motor and cognitive impairment. Parkinson's disease, prevalent among older adults, involves the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in symptoms like tremors and rigidity. Ayurveda conceptualizes Parkinson's as "Kampavata," a disorder linked to an imbalance in the Vata dosha. Aim: To compare the neurodegenerative disorder Parkinson's disease and Kampavata through literature review. Method: This review synthesizes findings from classical Ayurvedic texts such as the Charaka Samhita and modern scientific research on neurodegeneration and Parkinson's disease. Comparative analysis of Ayurvedic and modern pathology was conducted, emphasizing the progression and underlying mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders. Discussions: In modern medicine, neurodegenerative disorders result from the progressive loss of neurons, with Parkinson's disease characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration and alpha-synuclein aggregation. Similarly, Ayurveda attributes Parkinson's disease to Majja Dhatu (nervous tissue) depletion due to Vata imbalance (Ruksha guna), leading to motor dysfunction. Aging, lifestyle factors, and oxidative stress exacerbate this degeneration. Ayurvedic concepts of Ama (metabolic toxins) align with alpha-synuclein aggregation in PD, linking impaired metabolism to neuronal dysfunction. Ayurveda offers a holistic view of neurodegeneration, correlating with modern understandings of neuronal loss, oxidative stress, and lifestyle impacts on Parkinson's disease. Both systems emphasize aging as a key factor, with Ayurveda focusing on Vata imbalance (vyana and udana vayu) and modern science on cellular stress mechanisms. Conclusion: In Conclusion the Ayurvedic model of neurodegeneration aligns with modern pathology in recognizing the interplay of aging, lifestyle, and neurodegeneration. This integrative framework highlights Ayurveda's potential to enrich modern perspectives on Parkinson's pathology, warranting further research to bridge traditional and modern medical insights.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Parkinson's disease, neurodegenerative disorders, Ayurveda, Kampavata and Vata dosha.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The aim of this study Is to develop a pediatric-friendly herbal chocolate by combining medicine with one of children's favorite foods, chocolate, to make treatment more appealing. Cough and viral infections are common among children, and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), a well-known herbal remedy, has significant medicinal properties, including antitussive (cough-relieving) effects. The goal is to create a chocolate formulation containing an aqueous extract of Tulsi that provides these therapeutic benefits. The formulated medicated chocolate will be evaluated for various factors, including appearance, size, hardness, bloom (fat stability), drug content, and physical stability. Chocolate, being a versatile food, allows for a variety of taste and texture combinations. Additionally, it serves as an anhydrous medium, preventing microbial growth and reducing the risk of hydrolysis of water-sensitive medicinal agents. Chocolate is rich in beneficial compounds like saturated fats, polyphenols, sterols, and methylxanthines. It also contains phenyl ethylamine, a compound naturally present in the brain, known as the "love drug" for its ability to induce feelings of happiness and contentment. In chocolate, phenyl ethylamine can elevate blood pressure and sugar levels, promoting a sense of well-being. Humans typically experience five basic taste sensations: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and savory, with sweet being one of the most enjoyable. Sweetness, especially from high-calorie saccharides, plays a key role in making the formulation appealing, particularly for children.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Viral infection, chocolate, pediatric, herbal, Tulsi

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Stretch marks, or Striae Rubrae, affect 50 to 90 percent of pregnant women, resulting from rapid skin stretching due to various factors, including pregnancy, obesity, and hormonal changes. This review examines the prevalence, predictors, and common locations of stretch marks, along with both conventional and Ayurvedic treatment options. Conventional treatments include topical creams, microdermabrasion, chemical peels, laser therapy, and surgical options, all aiming to improve skin texture and elasticity. Ayurvedic approaches emphasize holistic techniques such as Abhyanga massage, Udvartana, Lepa, and Panchakarma, which aim to nourish the skin and promote collagen production. Additionally, dietary recommendations and lifestyle changes are highlighted to support skin health and prevent the formation of stretch marks. Natural remedies, including coconut oil, aloe vera, vitamin E oil, and rosehip oil, are discussed for their moisturizing and regenerative properties. This comprehensive review underscores the importance of both preventive and therapeutic measures, allowing individuals to choose between conventional and natural methods to manage stretch marks effectively.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Lasers, stretch marks, striae albae, striae rubrae.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As the demand for English continues to rise, there is an equally pressing need to foster dialogue between English and local languages. This dialogue can be effectively facilitated through translation, which acts as a bridge between cultures. Historically, the standardization of certain languages at the expense of others dates back to colonial times when many nations pursued monolingualism, sidelining regional and native languages. This neglect has had lasting impacts on cultural diversity and identity.However, the 21st century is witnessing a shift. There is a growing recognition of the importance of preserving and revitalizing native languages and cultures alongside English and the modern culture. This paper will explore these significant changes in the realm of translation, highlighting how it can serve as a tool for cultural exchange, empowerment, and the reclamation of linguistic heritage. Through translation, we can celebrate linguistic diversity and foster greater understanding in our interconnected world.The translation of local languages into English in any other nation stands as a significant milestone in the recognition of local literatures on the global stage. It not only elevates the voices of local authors but also challenges the historical marginalization of their narratives within the global literary landscape. This paper aims to delve into the role of translation in promoting global literary landscape serving as a conduit for cultural exchange and understanding, focusing on Wu Ming Yi's internationally acclaimed novel The Man with the Compound Eyeswhich attains global acclaim through its translation by Derry Stark. Moreover, in an increasingly interconnected world, translation serves as a vital mechanism for fostering global literary diversity. Particularly picking up the thework of Wu Ming-Yi, a prominent Taiwanese author whose writings address ecological issues, cultural identity, and the complexities of modern life, it is possible to explore how translation not only makes these works accessible to a global audience but also fosters appreciation for diverse voices and experiences. However, the process of translation is not without its challenges, including the need to maintain the author's voice and the cultural specificity embedded in the text. This paper discusses the significance of translation as an interpretative act that shapes how literature is perceived across different cultures. Ultimately, through Wu Ming-Yi's works, we illustrate how the craft of translation promotes the art of local native literature enriching literary diversity, global discourse, and multi-cultural understanding.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Translation, Local native literature, Global literary diversity, Culture, Environment, Ecocriticism

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a transformative shift in India's education system, focusing on holistic, flexible, and multidisciplinary approaches. Aiming to make education accessible, equitable, and inclusive, NEP 2020 introduces changes across all levels--from early childhood to higher education. The policy emphasizes foundational literacy and numeracy, fosters critical thinking, and aims to develop a "learning-centered" rather than "content-focused" system. Key reforms include replacing the 10+2 structure with a 5+3+3+4 model, promoting activity-based learning in early childhood, and integrating vocational education from grade six. Furthermore, NEP 2020 envisions a significant overhaul of the higher education landscape by proposing a multidisciplinary approach, flexible curriculum, and multiple entry-exit options. Establishing the National Research Foundation (NRF) is another vital step toward fostering a research culture. One of the policy's primary goals is to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education to 50% by 2035, ensuring that education remains affordable and inclusive. The emphasis on technology in education and support for digital and online learning, especially post-pandemic, seeks to bridge rural-urban and socioeconomic divides. By focusing on mother tongue instruction at the foundational stage, NEP 2020 respects linguistic diversity while aiming to improve comprehension and cognitive skills among young learners. However, the policy faces implementation challenges, such as inadequate infrastructure, teacher training needs, and budget constraints. Overall, NEP 2020 aspires to create an education system that nurtures the holistic development of individuals and aligns India with global standards, ultimately aiming to foster a globally competitive, knowledge-based economy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

NEP 2020, Education Policy, Education System, Hindrances, Implementation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Automated Waste Segregation System using OpenCV and Image processing is a transformative approach towards using image processing to segregate waste automatically. It will create ease with detection, recognition, categorization of waste by using deep learning and algorithm. The algorithm will collect the images of waste from the camera module, process it and identify the image into a category like wet or dry waste, plastic, glass, metal, etc. and then send the proper command to respective actuators to segregate the waste properly. The objective is to utilize image processing in different methods according to different situations and revolutionize it.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Image processing, OpenCV, YOLO v5, ESP 32 CAM Module, Python.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Over the past thirty years, as the expense and complications involved in marketing new drug entities have increased, with concomitant recognition of the therapeutic advantages of controlled- drug delivery, greater attention has been focused on development of sustained or controlled-release drug delivery systems. There are several reasons for the attractiveness of these dosage forms. It is generally recognized that for many disease states, a substantial number of therapeutically effective compounds already exists. The effectiveness of these drugs, however, is often limited by side effects or the necessity to administer the compound in a clinical setting. The goal in designing sustained- or controlled- delivery systems is to reduce the frequency of dosing or to increase effectiveness of drug by localization at the site of action, reducing the dose required, or providing uniform drug delivery.1 Today the conventional drug delivery system is the primary pharmaceutical products commonly seen in the prescription and over the counter drug market place. This type of drug delivery system is known to provide a prompt release of drug. It is often necessary to take this type of drug delivery system several times a day for maintaining the drug concentration within the therapeutically effective range.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Design, medication, Drug, Matrix tablet

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Imagine a protective shield that safeguards our planet from the sun's harmful rays. This shield, the ozone layer, is slowly wearing thin due to human activities. The chemicals we release into the atmosphere, like those found in old refrigerators and air conditioners, are breaking down this vital layer. As a result, more harmful UV radiation is reaching Earth. This can lead to serious health problems, including skin cancer and cataracts. It can also damage ecosystems and harm crops, affecting food production. To protect ourselves and the planet, countries around the world have joined forces to reduce the use of these harmful chemicals. While progress has been made, we must continue to monitor the ozone layer and take further action to ensure its recovery.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ozone layer, ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation, ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, environmental impact, climate change, Montreal Protocol, sustainable development, public health, skin cancer, cataracts, immune system, ecosystem, agriculture.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In democratic India, the principle of 'one person, one vote' is intended to provide each citizens with an equal say in the process of governance. However, this study has been undertaken to examine the declining value of political votes in India, where elections are increasingly influenced by manipulation, and less free and fair. Despite visible protest and public dissatisfaction, many citizens end up with re-electing the ruling party, leading to a cycle of one party dominance. This paper explores how targeted strategies, particularly aimed at common innocent people and vulnerable groups, shape public perception and reinforce political power. By highlighting these tactics, the study seeks to showcases the erosion of democratic norms in India's electoral system. The study is mainly a secondary research based on books, articles, research papers, youtube videos etc. Key Words: Democracy; manipulation; vote bank; electoral reform; one party dominance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Democracy, Manipulation, Vote Bank, Electoral Reform, One party Dominance

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates consumer perceptions of after-sales service in the four-wheeler industry, emphasizing its critical role in customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. The research aims to identify the key dimensions of service quality that influence consumer satisfaction and to assess the impact of service accessibility, perceived fairness, and transparency of service costs on consumer perceptions. Utilizing a survey methodology, data was collected from car owners to analyze their experiences and expectations regarding after-sales services. The findings reveal a significant correlation between perceived service quality and overall customer satisfaction, highlighting that consumers prioritize aspects of after-sales service that enhance convenience and accessibility. This research contributes valuable insights for automotive manufacturers and marketers, underscoring the importance of effective after-sales service in fostering brand loyalty and improving customer retention in a competitive market.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

After-Sales Service, Consumer Perception Four Wheelers ,Customer Satisfaction ,Brand Loyalty ,Service Quality ,Automotive Industry, Service Accessibility, Perceived Fairness ,Customer Retention.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: This paper aims to critically examine the theme of gender-based violence in Richard Flanagan's one of the most fascinating novel The Living Sea of Waking Dreams, published in 2020. In this novel, Flanagan presents objective violence through the character Francie, who experiences the quiet, pervasive harm inflicted by societal expectations and traditional mindsets and Anna, who undergoes objective violence that is closely connected to her individual circumstances, family relationships and surroundings. Objective violence, as theorized by Slavoj Zizek, refers to the systemic and institutional forces that perpetuate harm, often invisibly, through norms and structures. Francie, as an older woman, becomes a victim of societal expectations that push her into self-sacrificing roles shaped by patriarchal traditions. Throughout her life, she has been expected to care for others, often losing her own sense of self in the process. This highlights how women are quietly compelled into lives of submission and service, sacrificing their own needs and desires. As Francie approaches death, her autonomy is stripped away, as her family--especially her children--make decisions for her, disregarding her own wishes. The societal expectation that women should accept these roles of caregiving, obedience and silence renders Francie powerless, trapped in a system that views her primarily through the lens of duty and obligation. The violence she endures is not very open but structural, stemming from the deeply ingrained norms that dictate women's worth. In contrast, Anna faces objective violence through emotional isolation, intensified by her brother Tommy's passivity and her son's detachment from family responsibilities. These dynamics highlight the pressures modern cultural values place on familial relationships, emphasizing autonomy and control over empathy and connection. Ultimately, this paper argues that Flanagan's portrayal of Anna and Francie's experiences serves as a critical exploration of how objective violence, shaped by societal norms, erodes human bonds and compassion, especially in times of vulnerability by taking references from Flanagan's work The Living Sea of Waking dreams.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Violence, Expectations, Submission, Autonomy, Vulnerability.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Osteoarthritis of knee also known as degenerative joint disease. Osteoarthritis of knee is a condition that occurs when the cartilage in the knee joint breaks down, causing the bones to rub together. This friction can lead to pain, stiffness and swelling in the knee. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Guidelines for the medical management of osteoarthritis emphasize the use of nonpharmacologic interventions including exercise. In this study 30 osteoarthritis knee patients within the age group of >40 years were selected and were divided into two groups (Group A for Iyengar yoga therapy and Group B for Conventional physiotherapy). The study aims to analyze the effect of Iyengar yoga therapy v/s conventional physiotherapy on pain and functional activities in OA knee patients.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Osteoarthritis of knee, Iyengar yoga therapy, Conventional physiotherapy, Pain, Functional activities.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Urinary tract infection is a common medical problem encountered in paediatric age group. It represents the most common bacterial infection in children more than two years of age. Common micro-organisms responsible for urinary tract infection are gram-negative, Escherichia coli causes 80% of infections in patient. The clinical symptoms of UTI usually include frequency of urination, dysuria, Burning micturition, abdominal pain, back pain, fever and incontinence of urine. Homeopathic remedies are useful alternative to conventional medications in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in children and offering earlier symptom resolution.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

UTI, E-Coli, Bacterial Growth, Homoeopathy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Heat Transfer, Heat Sink, Electronic Chip, Chip Cooling ,Convection.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition