Volume 12 | Issue 11

 Abstract

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have quickly appeared as a new type of digital item, changing art, entertainment and business. This research paper looks into the complex legal and rule-based problems that NFTs bring. It studies the current world legal system, pointing out big differences and unclear parts in different countries. The paper reviews rights about ideas and works, talking about who owns what and copyright issues with NFTs. It checks tax rules and what they mean for NFT creators and buyers, along with consumer protection laws that try to reduce risks and cheating. The study also points to important gaps in rules and suggests future rules to keep the NFT field fair and safe. Through full analysis, this paper tries to give a deep understanding of the legal difficulties with NFTs and share thoughts on changing rules.

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Non - fungible tokens, legality, regulations, taxation, future analysis

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In this study, we employ the C-Class function to demonstrate a few fixed point conclusions on parametric metric spaces. Our findings expand upon and generalize the findings of Umashankar Singh and Naval Singh [23] in the context of novel rational contractive conditions. Additionally, some instances are given to highlight the key findings. This extension not only enhances the understanding of fixed point theory but also creates new opportunities for its application in more complex and diverse mathematical settings. Consequently, our research advances the field, offering a robust foundation for future studies and potential applications across various scientific and engineering disciplines.

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Parametric Metric Spaces, Fixed Point Theorems, C-class function.

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Men and women they are closely related to development like two sides of the same coin. We can not think the development of family, society, state and world without women. But in the patriarchal society women are the deprived section. Sometimes it is said that females are the burden in the family. They are tortured in many ways and which cause to the suicide of women. The government of India has enacted various laws for the welfare of women. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who is regarded as the Father of nation in India gave various important opinions relating to women. In this article I tried to give arguments that how Mahatma Gandhi's opinions are closely related to the existing laws for women in India.

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Ahimsa, Constitution, Gandhi, Women, Act, India.

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The scholastic and developmental outcomes of children from laboring households are greatly impacted by child labor, which is still a serious problem in the brick kiln business. The lack of access to high-quality education for children of brick kiln workers sometimes leads to serious reading deficiencies and long-term educational disparity. This conceptual paper investigates the "work-literacy divide," a phrase used to characterize the difference in literacy and basic educational attainment between children who work and their classmates who do not work and who attend school regularly. The paper summarizes the results of previous studies on child labor, with a focus on the brick kiln industries, where children are frequently made to work long hours in unfavorable conditions. The demands of labor further disadvantage these already vulnerable children by limiting their capacity to participate in school, participate in learning activities, and attain age-appropriate literacy levels. Consequently, there is a growing literacy divide between children who work and those who attend school on a regular basis, which feeds the cycle of poverty and marginalization from education. Economic pressures on families, the need for children's labor to support household income, poor access to schools near brick kiln sites, and inconsistent school attendance are important factors contributing to the work-literacy divide. The negative impacts of extended work hours on children's cognitive growth, emotional stability, and chances for the future are also covered in the paper. The paper suggests various policy actions aimed at narrowing the educational gap as a solution to these issues. These include the implementation of tougher child labor regulations to safeguard children's right to an education, the creation of mobile schools close to places of employment, and conditional financial transfers to encourage families to place a higher priority on education than working. These initiatives seek to establish a more equitable education system that gives all kids, regardless of employment status, the chance to become literate, acquire new skills, and break free from the cycle of poverty by tackling the financial and educational obstacles that brick kiln workers' children must overcome.

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Child Labor, Brick Kilns, Literacy Gap, Educational Inequality, School Attendance, Policy Intervention

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The main objective of the present study was to find out the effectiveness of participatory learning program to promote interpersonal relationship of secondary school students. The present investigation was a quasi- experimental approach with pre-test post-test non-equivalent comparison group design. The sample comprised of 60 secondary school students studying in standard IX. Participatory learning program and interpersonal relationship inventory for secondary school students were the major tools used for the study.

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: Participatory Learning Program, Interpersonal Relationship

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 Abstract

Aadaabhaee naurojee ek aise utkrsht buddhijeevee aur nihsvaarth deshabhakt the jinhonne apana sampoorn jeevan raashtr kee seva mein samarpit kar diya. Sabhee unhen pyaar aur aadar se bhaarat ka mahaan yugapurush aur bhaarateey raashtravaad ka janak kahate the. Daadaabhaee naurojee britishakaaleen bhaarat ke ek paarasee buddhijeevee, shikshaashaastree, kapaas ke vyaapaaree tatha aarambhik raajanaitik evan saamaajik neta the. Daadaabhaee naurojee ne bhaarat mein vishvavidyaalayon kee sthaapana ke poorv ke dinon mein elaphinstan insteetayoot mein shiksha paee jahaan ke ye medhaavee chhaatr the. Usee sansthaan mein adhyaapak ke roop mein jeevan aarambh kar aage chalakar vaheen ve ganit ke prophesar hue, jo un dinon bhaarateeyon ke lie shaikshanik sansthaon mein sarvochch pad tha. Saath mein unhonne samaajasudhaar kaaryon mein agragaamee aur kaee dhaarmik tatha saahity sanghatanon ke, yatha stoodents litareree aind saanitiphik sosaitee ke, pratishthaata ke roop mein apana vishesh sthaan banaaya. Usakee do shaakhaen theen, ek maraathee gyaanaprasaarak mandalee aur doosaree gujaraatee gyaanaprasaarak mandalee. Rahanumaee sabhee kee bhee sthaapana inhonne kee thee. Daada bhaee naurojee udaaravaadee, nyaayavaadee evan maanavataavaadee netaon mein se ek the. Unaka vichaar tha ki sarakaar pashu bal par aadhaarit na hokar naitik bal par aadhaarit honee chaahiye

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Shikshaashaastree, Arthashaastree, Samaajavaadee, Aarthik, Raashtravaad, Naitik, Maanavataavaadee

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Krshak samaaj ka arth gair-janajaateey samaaj se sambandhit kiya ja sakata hai. Kaee maanavashaastree bhee isee vargeekaran ko aadhaar maanate hue nagareey va graameen kshetr ke atirikt shesh sampoorn bhaag ko krshak samaaj ke roop mein sveekaar karate hain. Itana hone par bhee is vibhaajan ke dvaara paramparaagat krshi-sanstaran kee spasht roop se jaanakaaree praapt nahin hotee hai. Krshak samaaj kee avadhaarana ko spasht roop se gyaat karane ke lie sampoorn graameen samaaj mein paaye jaane vaale vividh prakaar ke sambandhon kee prakrti ko gyaat karana atyaavashyak hai. Yadi koee vyakti krshak samaaj aur janajaateey samaaj jaise shabdon se hee graameen bhaarat kee krshak sanrachana ko samajhana chaahata hai, to vah kisee bhee prakaar se ise nahin samajh sakata. Krshak samaaj ke saath-saath pichhale kuchh samay se krshak samudaay ka sampratyay bhaarateey graameen samaajashaastr mein vikasit kiya gaya hai.

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Krshak Samaaj, Krshi, Janajaateey, Audyogik, Saamaajik, Paramparaagat, Bhoomi.

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Hypertension is a condition that affects most of the population throughout the world and has been identified as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. A survey approach with descriptive design was used to evaluate the self-care practices of clients with hypertension in selected community areas. The objectives of the study were to assess the existing practices with regard to self-care of clients with hypertension, to find out the association between existing practices and selected demographic variables and to develop an information booklet. Total 100 hypertensive clients were selected by purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by using Checklist on self-care practices and was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the study reveals that majority 72 (72%) clients had poor practice score and 28 (28%) clients had good practice score on hypertension. Area-wise analysis of practice score of clients regarding self-care practices of hypertension shows that overall knowledge mean was 14.1 and mean percentage was 44% with standard deviation of 4.172. The variables such as age, gender, religion, educational qualification, occupation, marital status, place of residence, type of diet, family history, duration of illness and source of information does not show any significant association. This study revealed that majority of hypertensive clients had poor self-care practice regarding hypertension. Hence there is a need to improve practice regarding self-care of hypertension through informational booklet. There was no statistically significant association found between practice score and demographic variables.

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Self-care practices, Hypertensive clients

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Coastal regions around the world display diverse livelihood patterns formed by their unique environmental, economic, and social contexts. Coastal livelihoods are typically characterized by a bring together of marine and terrestrial activities. Fishing remains a keystone, with artisanal and commercial fisheries providing essential food sources and income. Aquaculture is increasingly prominent, offering a sustainable alternative to overexploited marine stocks. Agriculture, particularly in fertile coastal plains, complements marine activities with the cultivation of crops like rice, vegetables, and fruits. Tourism also plays a significant role, with many coastal regions leveraging their natural beauty and cultural heritage to attract visitors. This sector supports local economies through hospitality, recreational activities, and related services. . The livelihoods of coastal communities are increasingly challenged by environmental issues such as climate change, coastal erosion, and sea-level rise. Adaptation strategies, including the development of resilient infrastructure and sustainable resource management practices, are crucial for maintaining these livelihoods. This abstract provides an overview of the primary livelihood strategies employed by communities in these areas, highlighting the interplay between natural resources and human activities.

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Key note: Agriculture, coastal environment, livelihood pattern, Socio-economic condition tourism.

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 Abstract

gekjh laLd`fr esa ukjh dk LFkku vR;Ur �pk gSA ukjh dks nsoh ds in ij izfrf'Br fd;k x;k gSA viuh xfjek] rstfLork ds dkj.k Hkkjro'kZ dh ukjh lEiw.kZ fo"o esa iwtuh;k gSA ukjh ifjokj dk dsUnz fcUnq gS] lekt dk vk/kkj gSA le; ds vuqlkj ukjh dh lksp mldh ekufldrk esa vUrj vk;k gSA L=h ds izfr lekt dk Hkh n`f'Vdks.k ifjofrZr gqvk gSA dy ?kj vkaxu rd lhfer ukjh vkt vkdk"k Nwus dks rRij gSa Hkkjrh; laLd`fr esa ukjh dks nsoh dk LFkku izkIr gS thou dh /kkjk esa ukjh iq:'k ds lkFk feydj "kfDr dk :i ysdj lkf/kdk curh gSA ukjh lsok vkSj R;kx dh ewfrZ gSA

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vk/kqfud ;qx] fookg&foPNsn] if'peh lH;rk] ukjhA

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Today's enterprise landscape is witnessing an unprecedented surge in Generative AI (GenAI) adoption across diverse applications, from customer service to healthcare solutions. However, the development and deployment of these systems involve substantial operational expenditure (OpEx) that differs significantly from traditional software costs. This research examines the evolving cost landscape facing technology companies transitioning from conventional software to GenAI applications. Analysis of recent market data reveals that AI spending reached $13.8 billion in the United States in 2024, more than six times the $2.3 billion spent in 2023, indicating a clear shift from experimentation to enterprise-wide implementation. Through detailed case studies and empirical analysis, we present a novel framework for understanding and optimizing GenAI implementation costs while maintaining performance benchmarks. The study's findings demonstrate that effective cost management strategies can reduce operational expenses by 30-45% while preserving model quality, providing critical insights for organizations scaling their GenAI deployments.

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Generative AI, Operational Expenditure, Scalable Infrastructure, Model Efficiency, Return on Investment.

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The study assessed the impacts caused by the online marketing strategies on consumer satisfaction towards FMCG products and evaluates the challenges faced by them in purchasing these products that are marketed online. The study follows a descriptive research design based on describing the status of affairs as derived from the opinions online consumers towards the satisfaction level attained based on the online marketing strategies in rural areas. The study will use interview schedule based enumerators and the schedule was framed based on the variables measuring the consumers' satisfaction and challenges faced by the rural consumers based on online marketing of FMCG products. The study involved the FMCG products of Personal Care and Food Products Category which is are purchased by rural consumers using online shopping methods. The sampling frame includes consumers residing in rural areas of Salem district 13 Taluks where top five revenue generating taluks are selecting involving the areas of Salem, Salem West, Salem South, Mettur and Sankagiri. The study will collect data from these taluks based on the rural areas classification. The study will use snowball sampling for the selection of sample in the final stage of the study. The sampling size of the study will consist of 250 which involve 50 consumers from each revenue taluk of Salem District. The exploratory factor analysis will be used to examine the impacts caused by online marketing on customer satisfaction and various challenges faced by rural consumers. It has also been shown that when the digital infrastructure in the rural areas to increases, their approach to online buying tends to become more hopeful which will further boost their attitude towards online shopping.

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 Keywords

Online Marketing, Digital Infrastructure, Rural Consumers, Customer Satisfaction and Salem District

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ????, ?????, ????, ? ???????? ?????? ???? ? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????, ?? ???????? ????????, ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???: ?) ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?) ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ???????????, ??? ??????????????? ??????? ?) ????????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????

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Muktijuddha, Novel

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 Abstract

Gandhiyug Me Lucknow Ev Prayagnraj Ki Mahila Swatantrata Senani

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Gandhiyug Me Lucknow Ev Prayagnraj Ki Mahila Swatantrata Senani

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?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????, ??????, ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????, ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?

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????? ????, ???????? ??????, ??????? ?????? , ?? ??????? ?

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Nanoparticles Possess come an effective approach for treating colourful conditions, similar as cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and seditious diseases. Different types of Nanoparticle like Poly patches, micelles, liposome, dendrites, and amount blotches, carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticle have been developed and examined for medical use. Still, one major challenge for NPS is reaching the target point in the right quantum while avoiding accumulation in unwanted areas. The distribution of NPS in the body is controlled by colourful natural walls. For NPS delivered into the bloodstream, walls include (1) concurrence by the vulnerable system within the spleen and liver, (2) passing into the endothelium the target Atkins, (3) moving through the towel interstitial, (4) uptake by target cells through endocytosis, (5) prolixity within the cell's (6) The entering to the nexus, if demanded. NP scan also be delivered through other routes like the mucosal membranes and skin in the lungs, nose bowel, and the vagina, but in these situations, towel opposition to can hamper delivery, this evaluation looks at the present knowledge of how the nanoparticle pass through these Natural walls, fastening on transport walls rather than vulnerable walls. It also discusses strategies for designing NPS to overcome these challenges.

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(NP) Nanoparticles, Liposomes, Skin Mucosal Membrane, penetration

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Pharmacovigilance is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and other medicine-related problems. It plays a critical role in ensuring drug safety throughout a drug's lifecycle. Despite its importance, under-reporting of ADRs remains a significant global challenge due to factors such as lack of time and awareness among healthcare professionals. The WHO has initiated programs to promote ADR reporting and enhance drug safety monitoring. The history of pharmacovigilance highlights its evolution, including the thalidomide tragedy of the 1960s, which underscored the necessity of stringent drug safety protocols. In India, pharmacovigilance began formally in 1986 and has since developed into a robust system supported by WHO and the National Pharmacovigilance Program. Pharmacovigilance is essential to identify rare and long-term adverse effects, especially in vulnerable populations like children, pregnant women, and the elderly. The primary goals of pharmacovigilance include early detection of ADRs, risk-benefit analysis, and educating healthcare professionals and patients about safe drug use. Addressing ADRs requires systematic documentation, reporting, and monitoring to ensure safer medicines and improve patient care. While challenges such as under-reporting persist, the collective efforts of healthcare providers and regulators can strengthen pharmacovigilance systems worldwide. This abstract emphasizes the importance of pharmacovigilance in safeguarding public health and highlights its impact on enhancing drug safety through effective ADR monitoring and reporting.

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Pharmacovigilance, Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), Drug Safety Monitoring, WHO Pharmacovigilance Program, National Pharmacovigilance System

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Abstract- The lecture model of teaching has been a traditional and widely used method in education for centuries. This model involves an instructor delivering a structured presentation to a group of students, who are typically expected to take notes and absorb the information presented. While the lecture model has faced criticism for being passive and less engaging, it continues to be a prevalent teaching strategy in many educational institutions.

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1. Information Delivery: The primary focus is on the instructor presenting information, often in a linear and organized manner. 2. Note-Taking: Students are expected to take notes during the lecture, which helps them retain and review the material later. 3. Limited Interaction: Interaction between the instructor and students is usually minimal, with the main interaction occurring through questions and answers at the end of the lecture. 4. Efficiency: Lectures can efficiently cover a large amo

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This paper examines the conflicts surrounding gender-specific movement within Islamic households, with a particular focus on the principles of visual privacy as outlined in Islamic teachings. Visual privacy, in this context, is defined as the ability to carry out daily activities within the home without being seen or fearing being observed by outsiders. The design of urban dwellings often influences the level of residential visual privacy, especially in homes owned or rented by Islamic families, which may not always conform to the privacy guidelines prescribed in the Quran and Hadith. The study analyzes 22 Islamic dwellings, assessing them based on three key sub-principles of visual privacy. The findings indicate that many homes face challenges in facilitating free movement, suggesting a need for more culturally appropriate zoning solutions to safeguard the privacy rights of Islamic residents. In conclusion, this study underscores the critical importance of visual privacy in residential design, particularly within Islamic contexts. It stresses the need to reduce external intrusion and protect private spaces, especially for females, through thoughtful zoning and design strategies. Key considerations include shielding spaces such as the kitchen from public view and ensuring gender-segregated areas. While minor adjustments, such as window coverings, are commonly made, more comprehensive design solutions are required. Guided by Islamic cultural principles, these designs should ensure that privacy aligns with social values. Future research could further explore the impact of these considerations on privacy in urban neighborhoods with mixed populations and in predominantly Islamic communities.

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Visual Privacy, Gendered Space, Islamic Dwellings, Culturally Sensitive Design

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Dark energy, an enigmatic force responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe, stands as one of the most significant and least comprehended elements of contemporary cosmology. This paper presents an extensive review of the experimental methodologies utilized to explore the characteristics of dark energy and its influence on cosmic acceleration. We analyze a range of observational techniques, including measurements of Type Ia supernovae, analysis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), weak gravitational lensing, and galaxy clustering surveys. By assessing the methodologies, principal discoveries, and limitations associated with these techniques, we underscore how each offers distinct insights into the properties of dark energy and its equation of state parameter. Furthermore, we address emerging techniques and forthcoming missions, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and the Euclid Mission, which are expected to enhance our comprehension of this mysterious phenomenon. Through this review, we pinpoint existing challenges in experimental design and data analysis, suggesting potential avenues for future investigation. This document aims to be a valuable reference for researchers and students in the field of cosmology, offering a thorough overview of the experimental landscape in the ongoing endeavor to reveal the true nature of dark energy.

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Dark energy, Cosmic Acceleration, Experimental Techniques, Cosmology, Weak Gravitational Lensing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition