Volume 12 | Issue 11

 Abstract

This project develops an autonomous robotic system for efficient pest monitoring and control in agriculture. Traditional methods, like manual sticky traps, are labor-intensive and costly. Our robot uses high-resolution cameras and multispectral imaging to survey fields, capturing pest data that's analyzed with computer vision algorithms. Using the IP102 dataset and YOLOv8 model, the system identifies harmful insects and distinguishes between static and flying types. Targeted control measures are applied: static pests receive precise organic or chemical sprays based on crop damage, while flying insects are eliminated using lasers--multi-diode for groups and single diode for individuals. GPS ensures boundary adherence, and a GSM module alerts the farmer. This solution aims to reduce pesticide use, enhancing sustainability and efficiency

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Pest Detection, Agriculture, Robot, YOLOv8, IP102, Static, Flying, Harmful Insect, Image Recognition, Laser, Pesticide

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However, in the last few years, with the increase in adoption of multi-cloud models, there has been a need to come up with better resource management techniques that can improve the performance, while at the same time reducing costs. This research works focuses on exploring the use of artificial intelligence (AI) driven techniques in managing the resource usage in different cloud computing environments. Applying literature review, framework derivation, data collection, and algorithm assessment approach, the study analyses multiple AI models including reinforcement learning, supervised learning, and unsupervised learning. The analysis establishes the expert research findings as the evidence of improvement in strategic KPI regarding cost efficiency, usage, average latency, performance boost, and satisfaction among users. Dynamic allocation solutions based on Reinforcement Learning could save up to 25% reduction in costs in comparison with traditional methods and peak loads could be served with ninety percent resource efficiency. This research also emphasizes the role which AI is capable of playing in the sector to solve multifaceted issues that are characteristic of contemporary multi-cloud environment and provides recommendations to a wide range of organisations interested in the improvement of business performance and quality of services delivered.

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AI, multi-cloud, resource allocation, optimization, cost savings, performance enhancement

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Jhumpa Lahiri, in her fiction, would like to present human life in the context of human relationships. They are full of compassion and passion, thrill and charm, and reality and imagination. Her fictional writings are poignant and compassionate tales about the essence of human relationships. They are depicted in the context of a fast-changing and fast-growing society in which erosion of human values is rampant. In Jhumpa Lahiri`s fiction, the marriage system and marital relations are an integral part of the plot and structure. In this paper, an attempt has been made to explore that there is no existence of true love between husband and wife in the short stories entiled`Temporary Matter` (Shoba and Shukumar), 'Mrs. Sen's' (Mrs. Sen and Mr, Sen) ,`A Choice of Accommodation (Amit and Megan )and in the novel Lowland (Subhash and Gauri). She has presented all the two aspects of marriage in the fiction: arranged marriage (Shoba and Shukumar) and love marriage (Amit and Megan). In India the institution of marriage and family are still considered necessary. It is because of the security and social status it gives to both men and women. They find it difficult and traumatic to break away. So, the gender issues in the context of India are different from the issues in the West. In the era of feminism, women have also become aware of taste and need. They crave equality and status in society. In a man-woman relationship, any kind of possessiveness and inequality results in chaos and anarchy in the human relationship and society as well. For the new women, Shoba and Gauri, the idea of existence entangled in relationships is not acceptable to them. They seek a reorientation of their relationship with their husbands. Jhumpa Lahiri tries to present her characters and their interpersonal relationships in a very realistic and sensitive manner.

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Incompatibility, Immigrant. Conjugal Relationship, , Marriage System

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India-Bangladesh relations are improving, increasing bilateral trade between the two countries. However, India's economic power has skewed trade in favor of Bangladesh, resulting in a trade deficit. The Narendra Modi government is expected to address these issues and improve relations. The paper explores the future direction of India-Bangladesh relations by considering geopolitical trends, historical traditions and general issues. India-Bangladesh relations have grown steadily, especially since Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina took power in 2009. Despite India's "Neighborhood First" and "Act East" policies, there is some pessimism about the future. This article examines the historical evolution of the relationship, the significance of Bangladesh to India and the issues that threaten its future. This suggests that the relationship is essential for both countries and should be strengthened through immediate resolution.

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Key Words: "Neighborhood First, Act East" policies, bilateral trade, Threaten Issues; geopolitical trends , historical evolution.

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This work presents a data hiding method using the Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique for digital images, crucial for secret communication. The LSB method embeds information into the least significant bits of image pixels, preserving the image's visual integrity. Steganography, applied to various media like text, audio, and video, hides data within a cover image with minimal alterations. This method focuses on embedding text into an image using the LSB technique in the spatial domain, producing a stego-image that maintains quality while securely concealing the data, offering a practical solution for secure digital communication.

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Steganography, Least Significant Bit (LSB), Digital Image, Python, OpenCV

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This study examines the influence of e-commerce on societal structures, focusing on the dynamics within online shopping, which encompasses both business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) transactions. By reviewing extensive literature and employing a descriptive research methodology, this paper highlights both the positive and negative impacts of online commerce. The research outlines significant advantages such as enhanced accessibility, convenience for seniors and individuals with disabilities, and cost-effective business models that facilitate market entry. Conversely, it addresses challenges including the decline in traditional retail employment, increased privacy risks, and environmental concerns from packaging waste. The findings suggest that while e-commerce has revolutionized consumer behavior and expanded market reach, it necessitates strategic public policy interventions to mitigate its adverse effects and support sustainable practices. Ongoing research is vital to align e-commerce developments with broader societal objectives.

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E-Commmerce, E-Commerce Public Policy, B2B, B2C

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??, ?????? ???? ?????? ?????, ???????-?????? ??????, ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ?? ????? ????, ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??, ????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????, ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???, ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ????, ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??, ???????-?????? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ?? ????-???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???, ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????????, ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????

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????? ????: ??????? ?????????, ???? ??????, ???? ??????, ??????, ????, ????????, ????????? ????????, ???? ????????, ?????? ???????, ???????-?????? ????, ??????, ???? ?????, ??????? ?????????, ?????? ?????????, ???? ???????

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This paper investigates ecocritical readings of selected stories by Ruskin bond who is a notable Indian writer and has a strong attachment to nature. Ecocriticism, as a relatively new literary mode of inquiry, explores the relationship between literature and the environment, and how such narratives present ecological issues and the relationship between humans and nature. Bond's stories are set in the Indian rural areas with the Himalayas as the backdrop, where nature is more than a backdrop but an actively participating force in the characters' lives. This essay concerns itself with such stories as 'The Cherry Tree', 'The Blue Umbrella', and 'Dust on the Mountain' which portray the themes of environmental concerns, dependence of rural ecosystems on modernization etc, and the holistic view of nature and humans' moral duty to protect the environment. The stories related to Bond tend to take a more environmentally aware tone, accentuating the elegance, intricacy, and vulnerability of natural landscapes and taking a critical stance on the impacts exerted by industrialization and urbanism. The way Bond represents nature as nourishing but unconcerned, along with the intimate relationships his characters establish with their environment, emphasizes the need for nature conservation. This paper adopts an ecocritical stance and suggests that Bond's works promote the necessity of respecting and achieving a balance between humans and nature in the context of his own lived experience.

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Ecocriticism, Ruskin Bond, nature, environmental degradation, human-nature relationship, sustainability, modernization, ecological preservation.

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The survey aims at predicting diabetes using participant data from PIMA through creating an accurate model capable identifying individuals with a high likelihood of being affected. A number of machine learning models have been tested in the process, such as KNN, random forest (LDA), Naive Bayes, XG Boost's package method, neural networks, SVM techniques, and LR techniques. The three stages involved in this effort are Model Building, Feature Selection, and Data Pre-Processing. In order to evaluate and train every model, certain metrics has been employed. It has 92% accuracy rating within the model pool. The significance of this research is that it may be used to diagnose diabetes in the earliest stages, resulting in prompter intervention. The paper has shown the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in predicting future possibilities of diseases caused by over consumption of sugary substances. These models can be trusted upon since they provide 92% accuracy level on evaluating potential threats and giving out proper information needed for coming up with favorable health outcomes (diagnosis support tools).

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Diabetes Prediction, Machine Learning Algorithms, Feature Selection, PIMA dataset , Performance Metrics, Early Detection and Healthcare Outcomes

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This conceptual article explores character strengths that enhance entrepreneurial success across various stages of venture development, namely opportunity recognition, business concept refinement, resource acquisition, survival, and growth. Drawing from an extensive literature review, we present a framework linking specific character strengths to each developmental stage. In the opportunity recognition stage, strengths like curiosity, creativity, open-mindedness, and hope are essential. During business concept refinement and resource acquisition, traits such as bravery, integrity, love of learning, social intelligence, and kindness play a key role. For the survival and growth phase, persistence, self-regulation, zest, humour, leadership, teamwork, and fairness are crucial. We further propose that perspective helps entrepreneurs accumulate valuable experience, enabling them to recognize and seize new opportunities. This study holds important implications for entrepreneurs, emphasizing self-awareness as a tool for development, and for investors, advocating investment in entrepreneurial strengths alongside the business itself. Additionally, this research enhances understanding of how individual character differences shape entrepreneurial actions and their outcomes, offering insights into phenomena like entrepreneurial alertness and business planning. It contributes to a broader understanding of not only market entry but also pre-entry and post-entry processes in the entrepreneurial journey.

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Entrepreneurial Process, Talents, Traits, VIA, Character Strengths.

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This study examines the relevance of Srimad Bhagavad Gita teachings in leadership, personal development, and spiritual growth. Through discussions on duty (karma), selfless action (nishkama karma), sacrifice (yagya), self-awareness, integrity, knowledge acquisition and yoga the Srimad Bhagavad Gita presents a timeless framework for balance and fulfilment in life. This paper highlights these ideas, incorporating teachings that deepen understanding of such themes in modern management contexts.

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Insights from the Srimad Bhagavad Gita for Managers

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This study evaluates the awareness and understanding of the Life Insurance Corporation of India's (LIC) Index Plus Policy among residents of Bengaluru. Despite LIC's strong brand recognition, only 40% of surveyed policyholders are aware of the Index Plus Policy, indicating a knowledge gap regarding its features and benefits. The research reveals that while a majority of respondents own insurance policies, familiarity with specific products, such as the Index Plus, is limited. Key findings show that only 35% fully comprehend guaranteed additions, and just 41.25% are aware of the option for partial withdrawals. The study emphasizes the need for targeted marketing, enhanced communication strategies, and greater use of digital media to improve understanding of the Index Plus Policy. By addressing these gaps, LIC can empower policyholders to make informed financial decisions, ultimately fostering greater financial security and stability in Bengaluru's evolving landscape.

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LIC, Index Plus Policy, financial literacy, insurance, Bengaluru, policyholders

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Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLBN) have been developed as an alternative to other pharmaceuticals such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and emulsions. Generally speaking, SLBN are divided into two types: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). The difference between SLN and NLC lies in the properties of the particle matrix. SLBN can be prepared by various methods, including high-pressure homogenization, solvent emulsion (or diffusion) evaporation, and microemulsion technology. Lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were first reported in 1991 as an alternative to known colloidal agents such as emulsions, liposomes, and polymeric microparticles and nanoparticles. SLN has the advantages and capabilities of the original model, except for avoiding some disadvantages and technical knowledge. This article reviews the manufacturing technology, drug composition, drug transport and release potential of SLN with specific indications for drug delivery. Issues related to the introduction of SLNs into the pharmaceutical industry, such as the status of additives, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. This article discusses various lipid matrices, surfactants and other excipients used in SLN formulations, preparation methods, sterilization and lyophilization. The encapsulation efficiency of drug carriers and its effect on physical parameters, drug release and release mechanisms of various compositions are reviewed and discussed. Key points in the behavior and stability of SLNs are described. In vivo tests as well as various in vitro studies conducted by different research groups are discussed. The ability of SLNs to be administered by various administration methods is covered. Passive and active drug targeting using SLNs is described.

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Solid lipid nanoparticles, SLNs, Nanotechnology, Drug delivery, preparation method, Administration, tumors.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Historically, teenagers have been behind adults in terms of cell phone ownership; however, recent survey data from the Pew Internet & American Life Project indicates that individuals aged 17 to 21 are increasingly bridging this gap. The Project initiated its examination of teenagers' mobile phone usage during the 2004 Teens and Parents project, which revealed that 85% of teenagers owned a cell phone at that time. Since then, the prevalence of mobile phone usage among those aged 17 to 21 has consistently increased, reaching 63% in the fall of 2021 and escalating to 71% in early 2016. In contrast, by a similar period in 2016, 77% of all children and 88% of parents possessed a cell phone or other mobile device. As of our latest tracking survey conducted in April 2016, cell phone ownership among children has risen to 85%. The project is currently in the process of surveying teenagers and their parents, with new data expected to be released in early 2021. Objectives: To assess the pre test existing knowledge on impact of social media among BSc nursing students studying at selected nursing colleges in Sagar Madhya Pradesh. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on impact of social media among BSc nursing students. To assess the post test level of knowledge. To find out association the post test score on impact of social media with selected demographic variables among BSc nursing students studying at selected nursing colleges in Sagar Madhya Pradesh. RESERCH APPROCH Quantitative research approach RESEARCH DESIGN The research design was used in this study is pre experimental design (one group pretest-post test) with manipulation, no randomization and no control group. SAMPLE SIZE 60 nursing students studying in various Nursing colleges at Sagar. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE Non probability convenient sampling technique. The finding of the study revealed a high statistical significance in comparing with pre and post-test of knowledge regarding impact of social media among college students after receiving structured teaching programme. Post test percentage of knowledge on impact of social media among college age students. They were having maximum knowledge in Physical, psychological, social, studies problems (85.56%) and minimum knowledge score in Advantages and disadvantages (78.89%). Overall post test percentage of knowledge score is 82.48% on impact of social media among college age students. In general none of the students are having inadequate level of knowledge score, 18.3% of them were having moderate level of knowledge score and 81.7% of them were having adequate level of knowledge score.

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Knowledge, Impact, Social Media

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Human interaction necessitates effective communication, and for those with speech impediment or Hard of hearing, sign language is a crucial communication tool. However, barriers between these individuals and the rest of the population are often caused by the absence of widespread awareness of sign language. To tackle this, a real-time system which utilizes deep convolutional neural networks for converting hand gestures in ASL into text and speech has been developed. Monitor, segment, gesture capture, extract feature, recognise gesture, and convert text-to-speech are some of the crucial steps in our method. The system can reliably identify and convert hand gestures into legible text and audible speech since it has been trained on a dynamic collection of hand gestures. The goal of this technology is to enable more seamless communication between people who are deaf and those who don't know sign language. This is a major step towards ensuring accessibility and inclusion because deep learning and CV are used to enhance SLR accuracy in addition to bridging communication gaps.

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speech or hearing impairments, deep CNNs, American sign language (ASL), real-time gesture recognition, hand gesture tracking, feature extraction, text-to-speech conversion, hand gesture dataset, Computer vision, Sign language accessibility, Inclusion through technology, Gesture segmentation, Communication gap bridging

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Nanoparticles are tiny little particles, going from 1 to 100 nm in size. They stand out enough to be noticed because they have unique properties that are not quite the same as bigger particles. Researchers can make nanoparticles utilizing various techniques like combining synthetic compounds as one, utilizing actual cycles like crushing, or, in any event, utilizing living organic entities likes microbes. These minuscule particles have a ton of purposes since we have some control over their properties definitively. They're utilized in things like conveying drugs inside the body, assisting responses with happening quicker in science (called catalysis), making sensors to identify things, working on clinical imaging, and tidying up contamination. Controlling how nanoparticles are made is significant because it assists us with ensuring they have the right properties for what we need to involve them. For instance, in the event that we're making nanoparticles to convey drugs, we believe they should be a sure size and shape so they can go through the body successfully. Nanotechnology is assisting us with tracking down better approaches to battle against illnesses, like malignant growth and contaminations, by utilizing extraordinary nanoparticles that are ok for the body but can target and treat these sicknesses.

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Synthesis, Methods, Nanoparticles, Challenges, Biological approaches, Bio-reduction

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The significant influence of business analytics (BA) and artificial intelligence (AI) on contemporary businesses is investigated in this study. In today's data-driven economy, firms can gain a competitive edge by optimizing decision-making processes, extracting important insights from massive volumes of data, and integrating advanced analytics approaches with AI algorithms. An introduction to AI and business analytics, including a review of their foundational ideas, methods, and practical applications, is provided in this paper. In addition, it gives advice for effective implementation by highlighting the pros, drawbacks, and ethical aspects of using these technologies. Opportunities for growth, efficiency, and innovation can be unlocked by firms by utilizing business analytics and AI. Additionally, this method helped with comprehending the evolution of BI, the present cooperation among AI, Data Analytics, and BI, and the new tendencies that will determine their fate. The information that was collected was carefully screened using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to guarantee its relevance and quality. The study's results showed that BI tools' efficiency, accuracy, and predictive capabilities were much improved by moving away from traditional data processing approaches and toward AI-driven predictive analytics.

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Artificial Intelligence, Business Intelligence, Business Data Analytics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Development is a multifaceted process involving profound shifts in socio-economic and political structures, public attitudes, national institutions, and accelerated economic growth. Its overarching objectives are to reduce inequality and eradicate poverty. However, this process wields a dual-edged sword. While industrialization is instrumental in expediting economic progress, unchecked industrialization in the name of development has inflicted hardships on communities and ecological degradation. Industrialization is essential for a nation's economic advancement, creating job opportunities and wealth. Yet, it has also birthed a slew of environmental challenges: resource depletion, air and water pollution, soil degradation, global warming, acid rain, hazardous waste generation, and adverse health effects like silicosis and pneumoconiosis. This simultaneous pursuit of economic growth and environmental preservation underscores the dynamic landscape of the 21st century. Within this context, the rise of Industry 5.0, marked by advanced automation and digitalization, presents both promise and peril. This research zeroes in on India, aiming to comprehensively scrutinize the ramifications of Industry 5.0 on the environment, specifically its impact on resource consumption, emissions, and sustainability practices. The study's primary objectives are to: Investigate how Industry 5.0 is reshaping conventional industrial practices in India. Scrutinize the environmental repercussions of Industry 5.0, encompassing its influence on resource usage and emissions. Evaluate sustainability practices linked to Industry 5.0 in the Indian context. Explore policy frameworks and technological innovations capable of mitigating environmental harm while advancing sustainable industrial growth within the Industry 5.0 framework. The research methodology comprises: An extensive review of global and Indian literature on the environmental impact of Industry 5.0. Gathering pertinent data from diverse sources, including government reports, industry publications and environmental assessments are focusing on resource consumption, emissions, and sustainability practices. Conducting in-depth regional case studies in India to provide empirical insights into the environmental effects of Industry 5.0 and understand local nuances; and examining industrialization and environmental protection policies in India to identify areas for improvement. In conclusion, this study will offer a comprehensive overview of the environmental implications of Industry 5.0 in India. It will encompass findings related to resource utilization, emissions, and sustainability practices associated with Industry 5.0. It will also present policy recommendations and technological innovations aimed at reconciling industrial progress with environmental preservation

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Industry 5.0, Industrialization Development, Environment and Sustainable Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Purpose: To study the socio-economic characteristics of the sample households and to analyze the saving and credit pattern of SHG's members. Design/Methodology/Approach: The present study is empirical in nature as it is mainly based on primary data which was collected through interview schedule during field survey. A multistage random sampling method was adopted for the study. The collected data was analyzed with the help of various statistical tools like Frequency, Percentages, Means, Standard Deviations, and Coefficient of Variation. To prove the hypotheses, some tests like t-test (paired), Z test and Chi-square (?2) test also used in the study. Findings: Microfinance has helped in increasing income/savings levels and number of assets which resulted in improvement in quality of life, satisfaction and esteem of the members thus leading to their empowerment. SHGs had positive impact on the employment and income of members. Microfinance programmes raised members above poverty line and enhanced their socio economic status. Research Implications/Limitations: The study was considered only in one district of Haryana (India) i.e. Mewat District. Practical Implications: Contributes to the body of knowledge on impact and success of microfinance programme and its implications for government and non government agencies and organisations for policy formulation regarding microfinance. Originality/Value: The paper identifies a framework of relevant values and facilities that will be of use to those interested in this field.

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Microfinance, SHGs, Savings, Income & Employment Level and Mewat. Paper Type: Research paper. JEL Code: B26, C12, C19, C81, G10, G21

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This paper presents a deep learning-based plant leaf disease prediction and remedial system. It is essential to ensure the proper production of crops due to the increasing demand for them. This technology uses agricultural data and advanced deep learning algorithms to forecast and control plant leaf diseases.The method forecasts probable disease outbreaks with accuracy by examining multiple parameters, including weather patterns, soil composition, and past disease occurrences. Farmers are able to minimize losses and lessen the need for excessive chemical treatments because to this predictive skill.This cutting-edge approach benefits both producers and consumers both by promoting sustainable crop cultivation through the integration of deep learning and agricultural experience. In this paper, we have attempted to address each of the aforementioned concepts, as well as to examine the project's depth and usefulness on the basis of current demands. To this end, we have employed a full-stack website that makes use of MySQL, Bootstrap, PHP, and the Python Streamlit library

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 Keywords

CNN,RNN, Adaptability,Scalability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition