Volume 12 | Issue 11

 Abstract

The peoples with speech disabilities usually face problems interacting with normal people, and there is need to find a way to make the communication with normal human beings easier. This paper contains a comprehensive review of various systems built to make the communication easier. The systems examined contain a wide range of systems such as gesture detection to the vision based and it holds continuous image capture and recognition which has significant amount of accuracy which utilizes machine learning, convolutional neural network, vision transformer, computer vision and Artificial Intelligence. This paper performs a competitive study on these systems to have a detailed information about it. This paper finds the key differences and the advantages of the systems. There are multiple kinds of datasets are used for the training and testing and this review finds the best datasets. This review will be helpful for the new inventions and for the key findings for future research.

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 Keywords

Sign Language, Machine Learning, continuous image capture.

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Indra Sinha has very realistically brought the most pernicious face of environmental injustice, almost in a cinematic view about which not only he but also many other writers have remained silent yet and presented analogies with various events that happened in the real world; one such example is this depiction of bitter reality by taking reference from The Bhopal Gas Tragedy 1984. This book analyses environmental crimes and corporate responsibility through a green criminological lens. This paper discusses the confluence of these corporate, community, and environmental crime practices with a justice system that absolves powerful agents of any meaningful liability. At root, Sinha's story shows the injustices in environmental harms and poses key questions about corporate culpability, justice, and survival for those affected by industrial accidents. The analysis also explores how green criminology expands our notion of eco-violence, capitalism, and post-colonial oppression.

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Environmental Injustice, Green Criminology, Eco-Violence, The Bhopal Gas Tragedy

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This research article explores the challenges of cultural translation when rendering American literature into Tamil, with a focus on the memoir Elena Vanishing: A Memoir (2015) by Elena and Clara B. Dunkle. The study addresses the intricacies of translating cultural nuances from the source text, which reflects distinctive American cultural contexts, particularly in relation to beauty standards and diet culture. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the cultural disparities between American and Tamil societies, highlighting how these differences impact the translation process. Through a detailed examination of the source text's portrayal of beauty ideals and dietary practices, the research uncovers the unique cultural problems that arise when translating such concepts into the Tamil context. The study investigates how cultural diversity between American and Tamil languages affects the translation of cultural misconceptions and norms. By identifying and addressing these issues, the article reveals the novelty of the findings regarding cultural translation difficulties and offers insights into effective strategies for bridging cultural gaps. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of how cultural translation challenges can be managed to ensure accurate representation and comprehension in the target language.

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Literary translation, Cultural Problems, American Culture, Newmark, Nida and Strategies.

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Maintaining good quality of sleep would be crucial to health. This stress and strain of day to day life affects one's bodily organs through several psychophysical mechanisms. Among the several psychosomatic diseases, insomnia is the one which can be compared with Anidra. In Ayurvedic literature, these factors i.e. Ahara (diet), Nidra (sleep) and Brahmacharya (celibacy) have been compared with the three legs of sub-support and have been termed as the three Upastambhas. The ancient Acharyas have stated that happiness or sorrow, growth or wasting, strength or weakness, virility or impotence and the knowledge or ignorance as well as the existence of life or its cessation depend on the sleep. In the present study Takra & Narayana Taila were used for Shirodhara. These drugs not only reduce stress and tension but also enhances the circulation of brain, improves memory, nourishes the hair on scalp, calms the mind and body and helps to beat insomnia as well. Hence an effort was made to evaluate & compare the efficacy of Takradhara & Taila Dhara in Anirda w.s.r. to Insomnia. A systematic study on 40 patients for 7 days duration Takradhara in Group-A and Narayana Taila Dhara in Group B was carried out, On comparison between the two groups, the Group-B (Narayana Taila Dhara) showed better results than Group-A (Takradhara.)

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 Keywords

Takradhara, Taila Dhara, Anirda, Insomnia

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Gesture-based input systems are emerging as an innovative alternative to conventional mouse and key-board interfaces, allowing for more intuitive and natural human-computer interaction. This paper delves into the implementation of a virtual mouse and keyboard using hand gestures, exploring the novel architectural components, methodology, and experimental findings in detail. The sys-tem leverages advanced computer vision techniques for real-time hand detection, followed by gesture recognition using deep learning models. By analyzing current challenges and future potential, this research contributes new perspectives on the evolving role of gesture-based systems in enhancing user interaction across different domains.

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Gesture Recognition, Virtual Mouse, Virtual Keyboard, Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Vision, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence

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Paraquat is a Bipyridilium herbicide used widely in our country and is a highly toxic compound. A 16-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department of our tertiary care hospital in South India with the history of alleged consumption of paraquat poison. Since there is dearth of High Quality evidence- based treatment for this poisoning, different treatment modalities have been tried to manage patient's condition. In this case, none of the strategies could work well. Most of the patients reported with paraquat intoxication are from agricultural background; usually such patients cannot afford the treatment expenses. This paper presents a fatal case of acute poisoning with paraquat who succumbed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

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Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, case study, clinical toxicology, herbicide, paraquat, pesticide poisoning

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Skin disease identification using machine learning has gained significant attention due to its potential for improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in Dermatology. As in earlier diagnosis the skin disease can be identified through computer vision based system. Traditional computer vision focuses on handcrafted identification of skin abnormalities. However it has limitation of accuracy rate in skin disease detection due to various skin tones and complexity of skin diseases. Therefore, there is a pressing need for automated systems that leverage both Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and image processing techniques to develop a robust identification system for skin diseases. By training CNN models on a diverse dataset of skin lesion images, the goal is to automatically learn and extract relevant features, enabling accurate classification of various dermatological conditions. Additionally, image processing techniques will be utilized to preprocess the skin lesion images, enhancing their quality and extracting informative features. The anticipated outcomes of the system include a user-friendly and accurate tool for identifying various skin diseases, enabling early diagnosis and prompt treatment. This tool holds promise for assisting healthcare professionals, empowering patients in self- care, and contributing to dermatological research.

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Skin diseases, Convolution Neural Networks, Machine Learning, Image Processing.

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A digital city integrates technology to enhance urban life, utilizing IoT, data analytics, and AI to optimize infrastructure, public services, and sustainability. This framework connects systems across transportation, utilities, and governance, fostering a smart, efficient, and resilient urban environment that improves citizen engagement and quality of life.

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Digital city, smart city, urban planning, IoT, artificial intelligence, big data, sustainable urban living, data privacy, connectivity, urban infrastructure, transformation.

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The study examines the manifestation of structural patriarchy in Maya Sharma's Loving Women: Being Lesbian in Unprivileged India, focusing on the lived experiences of lesbian women from rural, economically marginalized backgrounds in India. Through an intersectional framework, this analysis interrogates the multidimensional oppression these women face at the nexus of gender, sexuality, and class. Sharma's narratives illuminate the pervasive influence of structural patriarchy on their lives, exposing how economic dependence, familial control, and social marginalization sustain patriarchal dominance. The study further highlights the ways in which these women navigate and resist societal constraints, including limited economic opportunities, coerced heteronormative relationships, and entrenched social stigmas. Acts of agency and resistance, such as the establishment of support networks and the assertion of non-normative identities, underscore their resilience in the face of systemic marginalization. This research contributes to feminist and queer discourse by foregrounding the underrepresented experiences of rural, working-class lesbian women, advocating for an expanded, intersectional approach to feminist inquiry and policy development in India.

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Structural patriarchy, lesbian identities, intersectionality, Maya Sharma, Loving Women, rural India, economic marginalization, feminist theory, queer studies, resistance and agency

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Higher education in India aims to maximize the country's human resources while promoting equity and inclusion. In recent decades, the higher education sector has experienced significant growth in terms of institutional capacity, enrollment, and teacher-student ratio. This abstract provides an overview of India's higher education system, emphasizing its existing structure, fundamental difficulties, and major challenges. India's higher education landscape includes a variety of institutions such as universities, colleges, and specialized institutes. Despite significant success in increasing access and enrollment, the industry still confronts severe hurdles. These include issues of quality and equity, such as gaps in educational access between socioeconomic groups, geographical imbalances, and institutional quality differences. Furthermore, the higher education system has inadequate facilities, insufficient money, and a need for increased emphasis on research and innovation. The abstract sheds light on these essential issues, providing insights into the intricacies and areas that require reform within India's higher education environment.

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Challenges, Colleges, Higher education, Socioeconomic, Universities.

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Teaching is a noble profession, but it is not without its challenges. In the bustling setting of Indian education, secondary school teachers play a crucial role in shaping the future of the nation. However, they often find themselves facing a excess of occupational stressors that can significantly impact their teaching effectiveness. This research article aims to explore the intricate relationship between occupational stress and teaching effectiveness among secondary school teachers. The research employed a descriptive survey method, with the study population consisting of secondary school teachers. The sample was composed of 100 secondary school teachers working in schools located in Bangalore Metro City, Karnataka. The sample was selected using a simple random sampling technique. To gather data, the researcher utilized specific research tools: the Teacher Effectiveness Scale (2006), which was developed and standardized by Umme Kulsum, to assess the teachers' teaching effectiveness, and the Teacher's Stress Scale (TSS) developed by K.S. Misra to identify teachers experiencing occupational stress. These two instruments were distributed to 100 teachers for data collection. Hypotheses were tested using Karl Pearson's Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation. The collected data was analyzed through correlation and 'F' test analyses, with the level of significance set at a confidence level of 0.05.

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Occupational Stress, Teaching, Effectiveness, Secondary, School Teachers.

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The paper presents a study on the institutionalization of an anti-drug support program of the local government towards the effective reintegration and rehabilitation of drug dependents in Valenzuela City. This study seeks to address the addiction crisis that has long been a challenge for many communities in the Philippines. The research focuses on the development of the anti-drug support program, which aims to provide comprehensive rehabilitation and reintegration support to drug dependents. The paper discusses the importance of institutionalizing the program to ensure its continuity and sustainability over time. The study proposes that the program is integrated into the city's health system so that it becomes a regular part of the city's health services. This institutionalization ensures that the program will continue regardless of any changes within the local government. The research also explores the challenges in implementing the program and provides recommendations for overcoming them. These challenges include limited resources, cultural barriers, and stigma surrounding drug dependence. Strategies for overcoming these barriers include partnership development with the private sector, community engagement, and advocacy efforts to reduce the stigma surrounding drug dependence. The study highlighted the importance of a holistic approach to addiction that includes prevention, intervention, and recovery. Through the institutionalization of the anti-drug support program, the local government of Valenzuela City can address the drug dependence crisis in a comprehensive and sustainable way. By overcoming challenges in implementation, and building partnerships and community engagement, the program will have a lasting impact on the successful reintegration and rehabilitation of drug dependents in the city.

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Anti-Drug Support Program, Drug Addiction, Drug Dependence, Effectiveness, Institutionalization, Rehabilitation, Reintegration, Valenzuela City.

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Datura metel, an herbaceous perennial widely distributed in tropical countries, has a rich history of traditional uses in ethnomedicine with diverse chemical compounds. Recognized for its medicinal properties, it has been traditionally utilized as a hallucinogenic, narcotic, anti-tussive, antispasmodic, bronchodilator, and anti-asthmatic agent. Its applications extend to addressing various conditions such as epilepsy, diarrhea, hysteria, skin diseases, rheumatic pains, painful menstruation, hemorrhoids, wounds, burns, and skin ulcers. In Ayurveda, D. metel is acknowledged as an astringent, bitter, germicide, acrid, anti-phlogistic, anodyne, narcotic, antiseptic, and sedative medicinal plant, playing a significant role in traditional medicine. The review emphasis traditional uses, chemical composition, and diverse medicinal applications of D. metel, providing valuable insights into its potential pharmacological relevance.

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Datura metel, phytochemicals, Traditional medicines, pharmacological activities

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Caste-based discrimination, a deeply rooted social issue in India, continues to persist despite constitutional guarantees and legal protections. This research paper examines the multifaceted nature of caste-based discrimination, exploring its historical origins, contemporary manifestations, and the impact on marginalized communities. It delves into the systemic barriers that perpetuate caste-based inequalities, such as discriminatory practices in education, employment, and social interactions. The paper also analyzes the role of government policies, social movements, and legal interventions in addressing caste-based discrimination. By critically examining these issues, this research aims to contribute to ongoing efforts to dismantle caste-based hierarchies and promote social justice in India.

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caste-based discrimination, caste system, social inequality, marginalized communities, Dalit, Adivasi, OBC, human rights, social justice, discrimination, prejudice, stigma, government policy, affirmative action, social movements, legal framework, India.

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shadow economy, informal economy, black economy, India, tax evasion, economic growth, policy interventions.

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Ardhavabhedaka is one among the 11 types of Shiro-Roga described by Acharya Sushruta. It can be correlated with migraine in modern science because of the similarities in their key features such as half-sided headache, and paroxysmal nature. Migraine is the second most common primary headache disorder in terms of prevalence but ranks first in term of disability. Because of its increasing prevalence, significant impact on physical, social, and psychological levels, unsatisfactory treatment, drugs side effects, and disease recurrences, the present study was designed to find a better solution through Ayurveda. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Nripvallabha Ghrita Nasya and Jalaukavacharana along with Pathyadi Ghana Vati in Ardhavabhedaka (Migraine). Material and methods: 66 randomly selected patients of Ardhavabhedaka were divided into two groups. Group A was treated with Nripvallabha Ghrita Nasya and Pathyadi Ghana Vati orally and Group B was treated with Jalaukavacharana (Leech therapy) along with oral intake of Pathyadi Ghana Vati. Results: Results of 60 patients who completed the trial, with 30 patients in each group, showed statistically significant results in the assessment parameters of Ardhavabhedaka (Migraine). However, intergroup comparison of the therapies showed statistically not significant results. During the follow-up study, recurrence of headache was observed in some patients, but the frequency, duration, and intensity of the headache were considerably reduced. Conclusion: Hence, Nripvallabha Ghrita Nasya, Jalaukavacharana and Pathyadi Ghana Vati may prove beneficial in the management of Ardhavabhedaka or Migraine, if they are used with proper Pathya-Apathya sevana.

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Ardhavabhedaka, Migraine, Jalaukavacharana, Nasya, Pathyadi Ghana Vati

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Sports diplomacy has emerged as a powerful tool in international relations, fostering goodwill, cultural exchange, and peaceful cooperation between nations. This paper examines how sports diplomacy, combined with the principles and practices of physical education, can create a foundation for sustainable diplomatic engagement. It analyses the role of sports in bridging cultural and political divides, discusses case studies where sports events have been used as diplomatic platforms, and explores how integrating physical education can further enhance these efforts. By promoting physical education alongside sports diplomacy, nations can build stronger international relationships, foster a culture of mutual understanding, and address pressing social issues through a shared commitment to health and fitness.

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Sports Diplomacy, Physical Education, Peace-building, Soft Power, Global Citizenship, Cultural Exchange, Inclusivity in Sports, Conflict Resolution, International Cooperation, Sports and Politics

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English is a widely spoken language today. It has often been referred to a 'global language', the lingua franca of the modern era and currently the language most often taught as a second language around the world. With the information technology revolution and most software and operating systems being developed in the English language has emerged. English is said to be the world's most important language having communicative and educative value. English is used all over the world not out of any imposition but because of the realization that it has certain advantages.

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Sheltered Instruction, English language proficiency, Academic Progress.

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 Abstract

UCHA MADHYAMIK STHAR KE VIDHYARTHIYO KI SAMVEGATMAK AVASTHA PER YOGHABHYASH KRIYAO KI PRABHAVTPADAKTA KA ADHYANA (DHOLPUR JILE KE SANDHARBH ME)

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UCHA MADHYAMIK STHAR KE VIDHYARTHIYO KI SAMVEGATMAK AVASTHA PER YOGHABHYASH KRIYAO KI PRABHAVTPADAKTA KA ADHYANA (DHOLPUR JILE KE SANDHARBH ME)

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Leprosy is a disease that everyone fears & it is obvious that people are fearful about leprosy not only because of its pathology but also for its strong & deratory social taboos. Besides the affected individual, it also affects their family, friends & community. It also affects emotion, financial status & increases the associated social challenges. The current article discusses various interventions of leprosy through the National Leprosy Eradication Program (NLEP) & various stake holders. It also discusses the social & community level intervention in leprosy that has strategies on the lines of the mass interventions through the leprosy related programs. The article suggests an intervention protocol that can be rolled out based on the systematic strategic approach through application of outreach & inreach principles of epidemiology related to leprosy. The article has multiple elements of the interventions in leprosy on the lines done at national & state level by the public & private stakeholders. The application of hydra headed approaches in leprosy that help the public, private, corporate & civil society based system to cover the masses backed up by a National Health Policy (NHP) are also discussed in the article. The recent National Health Policy of 2017 is referred here. The article aspires that the multi stage approach in the public, private, corporate & community based system plays a significant role in dealing with the current Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) menace like leprosy in the national & the state level. The article has the reflections of the interventions in the state of Madhya Pradesh & Odisha.

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 Keywords

NTD, Leprosy, NLEP, ANCDR, NHP

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