Volume 12 | Issue 11

 Abstract

Herbal cosmetics are manufactured by various cosmetic ingredients, which are the base in which one or more herbal ingredients are used in curing various skin problems. The name itself explains that the cosmetics herbal is natural and free from all the harmful synthetic chemicals which otherwise may prove to be toxic to the skin. Natural cosmetics are relatively safer as compared to other beauty products. Cosmeceuticals, being mixtures of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, aim to enhance the health and beauty of skin. These are products whose objective is to produce a desired effect: preventive antiacne and antiwrinkle formulations, all the way up to sun screens. Calamine lotion is one of the mostly used antiseptic and protective for its cooling effect in soothing different disorders in the skin. Instead of traditional synthetic products, different plant parts and plant extracts are used in this study to procure calamine lotion having natural humectants, e.g. aloe-vera gel and honey. Herbal cosmetics are the preparations used to enhance the human appearance. This study compares the semi synthetic activity of glycerine to that of other humectants in regard to their property of emollience to make sure whether calamine lotion can or cannot be prepared using natural humectants.

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Keywords: Humectants, Emollient, Antiseptic, Calamine Lotion.

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The COVID-19 outbreak, and lockdown have significantly impacted India's political, structural, and economic systems, leading to a widening gap between the upper caste and disadvantaged communities. Specifically, Dalit women have faced socioeconomic uncertainties due to the pandemic's economic shutdown and labour exploitation, exacerbating their historical oppression. This paper examines how Brahminical patriarchy and state power have affected Dalit/Adivasi women during COVID-19 in Odisha, India. Through the analysis of five cases from newspapers, it is evident that the pandemic has had a substantial physical, psychological, and economic impact on Dalit women. Sexual harassment and rape perpetrated by upper caste men aim to maintain power and patriarchal culture in society. Dalit women are economically, socially, and culturally marginalized, which exacerbates the sense of impunity felt by perpetrators of violence against them. Addressing this issue requires special attention to end atrocities against Dalit women, as they become targets of rape, sexual assault, and murder. It is important to recognize that sexual violence against Dalit women is intertwined with caste, gender, and power dynamics. Socioeconomic and political factors contribute to sexual violence against Dalit women, and state police often manipulate cases of sexual violence, creating barriers to justice. Understanding Brahminical culture and the legal impact of state police on Dalit women's identity requires a nuanced analysis.

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 Keywords

COVID-19; Dalit Women; Sexual Violence; Brahminical Patriarchy; Power

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Education is a fundamental right that shapes the future of individuals and societies. In India, a country characterized by its vast diversity and socio-economic disparities, the formulation and implementation of effective education policies are critical to achieving equitable access to quality education for all children. The Indian education system has undergone significant transformations over the decades, with numerous policies aimed at addressing the challenges of enrolment, retention, and quality of education. This article explores the evolution of education policy for children in India, highlighting key initiatives and reforms that have emerged in response to the changing needs of the population. By examining the impact of these policies on educational access and quality, this analysis seeks to illuminate the path forward in creating an inclusive and effective educational framework that fosters the holistic development of every child in the nation. Through a comprehensive understanding of past and present policies, we can better envision a future where education empowers children to reach their full potential and contribute meaningfully to society. The country's education policy has undergone significant transformations over the years, aiming to address the complex issues of accessibility, equity, and quality in education. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the latest landmark reform, endeavours to revitalize India's education system, focusing on inclusive and holistic development of children. This article examines the evolution and key provisions of India's education policy, and its implications for children's education. By analysing the policy's strengths and weaknesses, this article aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on creating a robust and equitable education system that nurtures the potential of India's future generations.

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Education Policy in colonial and postcolonial period, Children education, Education for all, Right to Education, National Education Policy, Expenditure on education, Drop-out, School infrastructure etc.

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The growing water requirements require the introduction of efficient water management systems, especially in urban and agricultural fields. One of the most common issues within water distribution network systems is pipeline leakage, which leads to considerable wastage of water and higher operational costs. The paper introduces an intelligent water flow monitoring and pipeline leakage detection system developed by using internet of things and Arduino UNO technology. The developed system utilizes various sensors like flow sensors and pressure sensors to monitor for direct water flows and leaks in pipelines. Real-time data captured by the sensor are transmitted to a cloud server, from where remote tracking of the system and immediate alerts for maintenance support are allegedly available. Discussion The system architecture, sensor integration, data processing, and cloud communication are discussed to show the functionalities of this solution for efficient management of water resources.

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Water Flow Monitoring, IoT, Pipeline Leakage Detection, Arduino UNO, Smart Water Management, Sensors, Cloud Computing

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The rapid expansion of on-demand food delivery services has intensified the need for efficient path optimization strategies that can handle the complexities of dynamic urban environments. Traditional routing algorithms, while foundational, exhibit significant limitations in addressing the real-time challenges posed by fluctuating traffic conditions, varying customer demands, and operational constraints inherent in food delivery logistics. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of recent advancements (2022-2023) in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to optimize delivery routes in the food industry. We explore various AI approaches, including reinforcement learning, evolutionary algorithms, deep learning models, swarm intelligence, and machine learning for predictive analytics. By analyzing fifteen selected research papers, we categorize these techniques based on their methodologies and applications. A comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the performance of each AI technique concerning efficiency, scalability, and accuracy. We also discuss the advantages and limitations identified in the studies and address practical implementation challenges such as computational resource demands and data requirements. The survey highlights the transformative impact of AI on routing efficiency and emphasizes the necessity for integrating advanced data analysis in path optimization. Concluding, we outline potential future research directions, advocating for the development of hybrid models and the incorporation of emerging technologies to further enhance the effectiveness of food delivery services.

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Food Delivery, Path Optimization, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Routing Algorithms, Reinforcement Learning, Evolutionary Algorithms, Deep Learning, Swarm Intelligence, Predictive Analytics

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This study examined whether professional training impacts teachers' mental well-being by comparing stress, anxiety, and depression levels between trained (n = 31) and untrained teachers (n = 58) from 15 private schools in North Bangalore. Mental health was assessed using the DASS-42, and workplace-related stress was measured with the Workplace Stress Scale. Results showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in anxiety, depression, or stress between the two groups. Trained teachers had a mean workplace stress score of 18.82 (SD = 3.02), while untrained teachers reported 19.66 (SD = 3.65), with a t-test value of -1.16 (p = 0.248), indicating non-significant variation. Both groups experienced similar mental health challenges, suggesting that systemic stressors--such as administrative workload, large class sizes, and parent interactions--impact teachers more than training status. The findings highlight the need for workplace interventions--such as better workload management, improved communication, and teacher recognition--to support well-being across all teachers. Future studies should explore these relationships further with larger, diverse samples and longitudinal approaches.

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Keywords: Professional training, teachers, mental health, stress, anxiety, depression, DASS-42, workplace stress, systemic stressors, interventions, well-being

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Ram is a national hero. He is regarded as the God among Hindus. He is the incarnation of the Vishnu. Many texts are written describing Rama. Among that text, Valmiki Ramayana, Dasrath Jataka and Ramcharit Manas of Tulsidas are important sources. Ram is described as the ideal king in all texts however the stories may be different in every text. In Dasrath Jatak , Ram is told the king for Varanasi . There are various historical implications based on these texts may also be attributed. In this article, I tried to evaluate the character of Ram described in various text. In Buddhist text, Ram is described as a bodhisattva who paved the way for salvation of the other while in Hindu text, Ram is portrayed as the Maryada Purshottam, who always showed the highest ethical values.

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Dasrath Jatak, Bodhisatva , Ramacharit Manas , Valmiki Ramayan, Murder of Sambuk, Agni Parkisha , Jamvanta

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In Ayurveda Asthma is correlated to Tamaka shwasa.Tamaka swasa symptoms are similar to Bronchial Asthma. Through Ayurveda treatment modalities we can maintain Asthma exacerbation episode free life or we can cure early diagnosed cases or we can reduce the severity of the problem. The aim of Ayurveda is to improve and maintain quality of life. In this scenario Ayurveda treatment modalities and lifestyle advocacies can help the child to fight against Asthma. These treatment modalities and lifestyle advocacies are specific to individual child based on his/her body constitution, personal details related to lifestyle and geographical area where the child is residing. diagnosed respiratory illness in children. It is diagnosed as early as 3 years of age, in some cases depending upon the pathological changes in system; it may take 5 years to brand the child as Asthmatic. Common causes for Asthma are Allergy and infections, in some cases there is genetic predisposition.Pippali is a Rasayana herb which should always be taken in moderation to keep yourself away from its side effects. Its active alkaloid piperine has numerous health benefits specially on respiratory disorders and Asthma.

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Asthma, Pippali, Ayurveda, Tamakshwas, Pranvaha strotas, Kapha Dosha

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A descriptive study to assess the impact of lockdown among the school children residing at Uttar Pradesh. Aim of the study to assess the impact of lockdown among school children. A quantitative research approach with descriptive research design was used and data were collected by using snowball sampling technique among 100 school children residing at U.P. A tool consists of 12 demographic variables and 30 structured questionnaires. The findings of the study have been discussed with the references to the objectives and hypothesis. Then data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result reveals that none of the school children have mild impact, (6%) of school children had moderate impact and (94%) of school children had severe impact regarding the impact of lockdown. The chi square test reveals that association between level of impact of lockdown with their demographic variables among school children was found to be statistically non-significant at P < 0.05 level for the Age, Gender, Area of residence, Education of student, Duration of sleep, Number of Inhabitants whereas significant at P< 0.05 level for Types of family, Occupation of parents, Times spending on daily fitness and recreational activities per day, Frequency of food taken in a day during lockdown, Types of food intake, Loss of loved ones due to covid-19. The Finding concluded the effect of lockdown over children's health and well-being in both negative and positive aspect when it calls for the decision maker to take into account the risks and benefits for children's health with respect to public health measures that are adapted. Policymakers and researchers should look into other much less disruptive social distancing intervention given that lockdown measures greatly affect children. We suggest that a comprehensive public health approach is needed in response to this pandemic. Particular attention given to children social determinates and medical requirements should be addressed simultaneously with equity and human rights as overreaching principles.

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A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN AMONG THE SCHOOL CHILDREN RESIDING AT UTTAR PRADESH ''

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This study provides an in-depth analysis of Dalit women's experiences in higher educational institution in Odisha. It investigates Dalit women's challenges within educational institutions, focusing on access to education and opportunities. The study specifically addresses the dual impact of caste and gender-based inequality, highlighting how these forms of inequality intersect to create unique obstacles for Dalit women in their pursuit of education. By examining these complexities, the research seeks to shed light on the broader societal implications and inform strategies to improve educational outcomes for this marginalized group. This qualitative and descriptive research study focuses on 11 Dalit women from a regional university in Odisha. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling for diverse representation. Data was gathered via in-depth interviews, which were analyzed and analyzed thematically to identify key themes and patterns. This method offered insights into the socio-cultural context and nuances of the women's lived experiences. The study found that they face major challenges related to caste biases. The finding shows the reservation system support girls' education encourages them to pursue higher education; however, at the same time, it has used a weapon against these Dalit students.

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Dalit Women, Higher Education, Gender, Caste

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In the most recent generations, the use of AI is rapidly taking place in every field, particularly in the development of voice assistants and robots. Early systems facilitate human-computer interactions, connecting devices to humans through voice commands. Various sources, such as Google Voice Assistant, Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, and Bixby, operate on voice commands for specific activities. With the help of the Internet of Things (IoT), AI, and advanced technologies, including Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning, and Natural Language Processing (NLP), the development of secure voice assistant robots for personal assistance and educational purposes is underway. These AI voice assistants demonstrate user safety in applications like personal assistance, focusing on creating safe and controlled robotic systems for numerous activities in the physical environment. This project represents an advancement by combining security, accessibility, and user-friendly features for modern interactive systems, showcasing the future of voice assistants and robots.

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Voice assistant, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Internet of things (IoT), Machine learning (ML), Backend integration, and Robot.

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In the field of wireless communication, the impact of cooperative communication is very advantageous. The previous works done on cooperative communication are corresponds to the issues of physical layer like outage probability and outage capacity. It is discussed on how to control the topology of the network with the help of cooperative communication by considering the issues of network and upper layer like delay time, topology control, network capacity etc., As there is an impact of topology control on delay time, the proposed scheme gets benefited by the cooperative communication that is capacity optimized cooperative communication with the improvement of cooperative relay node to enhance the capacity of network by reducing the transmission delay time.

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Co-operative communication, relay, MANET, Multi-hop, Attacker

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The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) mandates that financial institutions collect and report detailed mortgage loan data to improve transparency and identify discriminatory lending practices. With over 110 fields of required data, ensuring the accuracy of HMDA submissions is a complex and error-prone task. This paper explores the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in identifying errors in HMDA data and training models to improve error detection upon data import continually. By leveraging error-labeled datasets, AI can be trained to recognize common patterns and sources of data inaccuracies, thus automating a traditionally labor-intensive process. This approach enhances compliance and accuracy and supports risk management and regulatory oversight. The research reviews existing literature on AI error detection in compliance data, discusses the challenges specific to HMDA data, and proposes a solution framework that could reduce errors and enhance data integrity.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML),Error Detection, Data Quality, Compliance Automation, Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA), Data Integrity, Financial Compliance, Mortgage Data Reporting, Anomaly Detection, Regulatory Compliance, Data Validation, Error-Labeled Data, Supervised Learning, Fair Lending Practices, Automated Data Correction, Data Privacy, Data Analytics in Compliance, Big Data in Finance, Risk Management, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Real-Time Error Detection

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This study examines the role of brand ambassadors in influencing the electronics purchasing decisions of college students in Bengaluru. It assesses the effectiveness of endorsements in shaping brand preferences and investigates the relationship between ambassador attributes and consumer trust. Key findings show that 35.48% of students are influenced by brand ambassadors in their purchase decisions, with 40.32% favoring well-known brands endorsed by celebrities. However, relatability and credibility play crucial roles, as 29.03% of students are more inclined to try new brands when endorsed by relatable figures. The rise of micro-influencers also indicates a shift toward authentic, personalized endorsements. With 93.5% of students active on social media, digital platforms have become a key channel for reaching this demographic. Brands must balance between celebrity endorsements and relatable micro-influencers to build trust and maintain engagement.

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Brand Ambassadors, College Students, Electronics Market, Micro-Influencers, Purchasing Decisions, Social Media Marketing.

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Shear wall provide large strength and stiffness to buildings in the direction of their orientation, which reduces sway of the building significantly and thereby reduces damage to the structure. When walls are situated in advantageous positions in a building, they may be very efficient in resisting lateral loads originating from wind or earthquakes. A framework is proposed to obtain the optimum location of shear wall for the 'C' shaped structure such that the torsional effect arising in the structure due to its plan irregularity is minimized. The proposal is based on the selection of optimum location that converges to the optimum structural and engineering demand parameters for a 'C' shaped structure with a fixed length of shear wall. A G + 15 story structure is considered for an illustrative example of the framework considering fourteen models of shear wall location for a 'C' shaped structure with a fixed length of shear wall (14.5% wall to floor area ratio). The analytical results of each model have been compared with that of bare frame model in terms of base shear, peak story displacement, peak story drift, static eccentricity, time period and torsional moment, and the optimum model is reported. The proposed framework as well as the presented example is expected to serve as the guideline for deciding the optimum location of shear walls for the 'C' shaped structure.

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Optimum location, C' Shaped Stucture, Torsional Moment.

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Globally, 8,300 million tons of virgin plastics had been manufactured as of 2017. Only approximately 9% of material is recycled, and only about 12% is burned, leaving 79% to end up in landfills or the environment. According to "2018 Down to Earth" research, India consumes approximately 16.5 million tons. Additionally, the industry association FICCI reports that 43% of the plastics used in India are single-use plastics and are utilized in packaging. As a result, over 80% of India's entire plastic production is wasted. Some of it either gets burned, which pollutes the air, goes to landfills, or clogs sewers. Animals who consume plastic bags, etc. suffocate. Plastics found in fields inhibit germination and stop moisture from penetrating the soil. Numerous studies and researches have been conducted to find solutions to the mounting issue of disposing of plastic garbage. Some countries have improved technologies to use recycled waste plastic, but in India the plastic waste disposal is a big problem. The current account of potential use of plastic waste in the construction industry is lacking in the literature. The review reflects that the reuse of plastic waste is very less as compared to generation of plastic waste. While every industry is trying to minimize the use of plastic, some industries have come forward to research more into waste plastic use in their products for sustainable development. Using plastic to build roads is one potential solution that has gained traction in recent years. In addition to increasing environmental sustainability, highways made of plastic are shown to be more reliable and economical. Because both plastic and bitumen are made of petroleum, they adhere to one another well. The combination lengthens the road's lifespan and increases its capacity to support weight. Additionally, the roads exhibit increased resistance to rain damage. In India almost 1 lakh roads have been built till now to help thousand tons of plastic to be used efficiently. Use of plastic waste replacing natural aggregates in concrete and plastic waste co- processing in cement have also showed a huge scope of plastic waste management in construction study. The review presented in this paper is bound to highlight the impending problem of plastic waste for the researchers to come forward with innovative solutions of minimizing and recycling with practical feasibility.

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Plastic, Traction,Petroleum,Highlight, Recycling

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Rapid increase in number of vehicles in cities leads to various traffic problems. Out of which road accidents are major aspect. Mixed traffic condition and variable profile user's create situation of accidents in the cities. Apart from this several other reasons like over speeding, drink and drive, blip road design etc. are also responsible for the fatalities. As a Planner or Civil engineer, one has only a few interventions like Road and vehicle design to reduce the road fatalities, because none of them can regulate the travel behavior of drivers and pedestrians. Pimpri-Chinchwad Bus Rapid Transit System is a proposed bus rapid transit project for the city of Pimpri-Chinchwad. The system has wider roads (61m) and grade separators, underpasses merge in and merge out, BRTS bus stops and foot over bridges. The system comprises eight lanes with a total length of 112 km. The Nigdi-Dapodi stretch is the PCMC's first BRTS project. Construction work on a 12 km pilot route between Nigdi and Dapodi had been completed. At this stage, PCMC has decided to study the safety aspects of proposed BRTS system before starting the operation of BRTS. In this regard, one has to undertake a Road safety audit Study for proposed BRTS pilot study stretch between Nigadi and Dapodi. The BRT system generally has specialized design, services and infrastructure to improve system quality and remove the typical causes of bus delay. The system consists of total 8 lanes. The four lanes in the centre are to cater to the normal traffic of the region. The two lanes adjacent on either side are the lanes for the bus rapid transit. Buses should be flow without hindrance in this lane. Service roads (where the traffic is minimal) make the boundary lane of the system.

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: BRT'S, Safety Audit, Vulnerable Road users, risk - factors, assessment, critical spots, countermeasures

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In the present research an attempt has been made to understand the linkage between land cover and Soil moisture content at the given area and the long-term field experiment. The study area is the part of Panvel, India region. In Panvel we have taken the area nearby Gadeshwar dam. Where we found both forest and deforest. The objectives of the present study were: To understand spatial variability of soil water potential and soil moisture content under different land covers in the humid tropical Panvel, India Region. To evaluate differences if any in spatial patterns of soil moisture content as influenced by nature of land cover. To develop the regression model for Gadeshwar region using software XL-STAT and correlation regression analysis. To this end, experimental watersheds located in the Panvel, Raigad, Maharashtra, India, were established for monitoring of soil moisture. These watersheds possessed homogenous land covers of natural forest and degraded forest. Soil moisture content measurements were made at two locations in each watershed at 25 cm, 50 cm, and 75 cm depths at weekly time intervals during the period of January to February.

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Soil Moisture, Humid Tropical Forest, land cover changes, spatial variation, hydrological impact.

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The idea of using agricultural and industrial waste materials in concrete helps to develop alternatives for protecting the environment, compensating for the shortage of environmental sources, and resolving the waste dumping issue. Environmental awareness about possible adverse effects has substantially expanded, and, consequently, recycling or utilizing agricultural and industrial waste by-products has become an increasingly desirable option for waste disposal. This study aims to reduce the cement content in cement brick, and it replace the cement by using corn cob ash in bricks to achieve the nominal strength. Corn cob ash mixed with sand with various proportions (25%, 30%, 35%) to achieve the strength of nominal brick. Increase the strength of structure and weight reduction of bricks was tested for compressive strength. Based on the cost comparison of conventional and corn cob ash brick was analyzed, optimum strength was analyzed. The results are clearly shows that corn cob ash used in the production of brick.

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Brick, Strenth, CornCob, Cement,Humidity.

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Lung cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, emphasizing the urgent need for early and accurate detection to improve patient outcomes. In this study, we delve into the effectiveness of Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) in detecting lung cancer from medical imaging data, particularly Computed Tomography (CT) scans. We investigate how CNN architecture is optimally suited for analyzing image data and extracting crucial features necessary for precise diagnosis. Our focus extends to detailing the training methodology for

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Image Processing, Feature Extraction, Classification, Model Training, Cancer Detection.

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