Volume 12 | Issue 11

 Abstract

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) support has been an advancing therapy in the past 30 years About 25 years ago it became apparent that TPN had value in the management of critically ill patients who were not being normally nourished because they either had gastrointestinal failure or could not tolerate the enteral preparations offered. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a type of medication that provides nutrition to critically ill patients for whom enteral feeding is not possible. TPN is given through I.V route. Parenteral means outside of the digestive tract. TPN may be administered as peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) or via a central line, depending on the components and osmolality. TPN administered protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. TPN plays a vital role in the growth and development of preterm neonates in NICU to provide micro nutrients, macro nutrients and electrolytes. TPN has extended the life of a small number of children born with non-existent or severely birth-deformed guts. Parenteral nutrition plays a major role in treating COVID-19 infection-related malnutrition in patients across the globe. Patients who previously had no options to sustain their lives are now able to live at home, maintain employment, and continue with most daily activities. Although this therapy has been innovative and successful, it requires great financial and professional resources. Parenteral nutrition can be given for long periods of time. A large variety of complications can occur, related especially to the equipment or the nutrients. When the nutrition is given via a central venous catheter, then sepsis is a serious and possibly life-threatening complication. In case of administration via an arteriovenous shunt, thrombosis of the shunt is the most frequent problem.

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TPN; PPN; Malnourishment; PN; NICU; COVID-19

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This study provides a comparative analysis of the financial performance, market positioning, and growth potential of two prominent players in India's non-banking financial sector: L&T Finance Holdings (LTF) and Bajaj Finance. Focusing on key metrics such as revenue growth, profit margins, asset quality, and stock performance, the analysis aims to provide insights into their investment viability. By examining their business models, risk factors, and industry positioning, this research contributes to understanding the competitive dynamics within India's rapidly evolving financial services sector. This comparative study highlights areas where each company excels and explores potential risks and opportunities investors might consider in the current economic climate. Comparative analysis of L&T Finance Holdings (LTF) and Bajaj Finance stocks, key aspects of each company, including their business models, financial performance, stock performance, growth potential, and risk factors. Both companies operate in the non-banking financial services (NBFC) sector in India, but their strategic focus and market positions differ significantly.

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Financial performance , Profitability, Revenue growth, Net interest margin, Comparative analysis

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The volatile and non-linear nature of commercial markets makes accurate forecasting of monetary instruments a challenging task. However, with advances in intelligent systems and computational power, programmable Forecasting techniques have grown more effective in anticipating the behavior of tradable assets. This project leverages three deep learning models to enhance prediction accuracy: a neural network-based regressor model, an ANN that combines prediction data to aid in developing strong, reliable conclusions, and a network of recurrent neurons (RNN) model that analyzes historical asset behavior. The RNN model employs a LSTM layer to capture temporal dependencies effectively. This research explores the practical applications of the prediction system in real-world scenarios and addresses challenges in achieving reliable accuracy, complemented by necessary data visualizations.

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Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short Term Memory(LSTM),Support Vector Regression(SVR)

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The financial markets have undergone a revolution due to the swift development and extensive use of algorithmic trading, which has brought forth a plethora of novel prospects and difficulties. This study explores the complex legal ramifications of algorithmic trading strategies, focusing on spotting and preventing possible market manipulation. Fairness and transparency are fundamental issues that legal scholars, practitioners, and legislators must address because they are ingrained in the intricate algorithms that drive trading strategies. In order to provide a fundamental knowledge of the environment around algorithmic trading and its confluence with market manipulation, this study starts with a thorough analysis of the body of prior research, including academic and legal sources. The study finds weaknesses and shortcomings in the current legal frameworks regulating algorithmic trading through a rigorous assessment. Analyzing the potential legal ramifications of algorithmic trading techniques is at the center of the research. The study examines situations in which algorithmic trading has been connected to market manipulation using case studies and actual evidence. The vulnerabilities in the current regulatory framework are brought to light by this research, which also emphasizes how urgent it is to resolve these problems in order to preserve the integrity of the financial markets. Based on this analysis, the study suggests a set of legislative protections designed to deal with the difficulties brought about by algorithmic trading. Striking a careful balance between encouraging financial market innovation and guarding against manipulative tactics is the goal of these protections. The guidelines provide a sophisticated approach that supports accountability, transparency, and justice while considering the complexities of algorithmic trading methods. Examined closely is the effectiveness of the current regulatory frameworks in reducing the hazards related to algorithmic trading. The identification of obstacles and weaknesses in these frameworks establishes the foundation for the ensuing legislative safeguard proposal. The study explores the need for international collaboration and possible standardization to successfully handle cross-border issues as it relates to algorithmic trading. In the latter section of the study, implementation issues are discussed, acknowledging that realizing the benefits of legal safeguards necessitates overcoming real-world challenges. The discourse extends to technological implications, possible opposition from market players, and the necessity of cooperative endeavors between regulatory agencies and industry partners. The research concludes in a set of best practices and case studies by leveraging insights from successful regulatory activities across countries. For governments tasked with preserving justice and openness in the age of algorithmic trading, these real-world instances provide insightful lessons. In summary, this study adds a comprehensive examination of the legal ramifications of market manipulation to the continuing conversation over algorithmic trading. Considering changing algorithmic trading techniques, the suggested legal safeguards offer guidance to legislators, regulatory agencies, and legal professionals that wish to strengthen and modify the regulatory framework to maintain equitable and transparent financial markets.

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algorithmic trading, financial markets,

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This system consists of 8051 family microcontroller which is interfaced to the metal detector, spy camera and the system also uses battery. The data commands will make the robot to either go in forward, backward, left or right direction. The system makes use of night vision enabled spy camera with the help of which the user can view the area captured by this spy camera which will be mounted on this robot. Thus, with the help of this DTMF technology, the user of this system can operate the robot via data commands send through mobile phone, irrespective of the distance from the robot.

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main ideas

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This paper proposed an interactive dashboard applying deep learning techniques to offer experience in online classrooms. Specific ideas were those of CNNs and GANs to be applied for enhancing student emotions analysis for lectures. With digital learning platforms being more adopted nowadays, understanding the emotional state of students in lectures can have a significant effect on engagement, outcomes, and teaching strategies. This proposed system will address one of the significant challenges of online classrooms, that is, occluded or partially hidden facial data, where missing facial areas are reconstructed by the GAN-based approach, making it feasible to detect emotions accurately. Therefore, CNNs are used to classify the emotion based on the reconstructed facial features. Real-time emotion predictions are visualized through an interactive dashboard that incorporates inputs like the subject, course being taught, and the instructor. It shows a variety of analytics and visualizations like charts and graphs that help teachers track and analyze the responses of students in lectures, which is then used in modifying the teaching strategy and presentation of contents to stimulate students even more and make an atmosphere of learning more vibrant. It can also help in detecting learners who require more support. The CK+ dataset was used for validation. This helped to achieve relatively high accuracy in the classification of images representing happiness, sadness, and surprise. In the experiment, although on some occasions, it occurred that faces from students were not visible, the system worked consistently pretty well and was quite robust. This system will provide a fine level of emotion-based analytics, enabling the educators to work toward optimizing the virtual classroom environment. This real-time emotional feedback can be an enhancing technology for the dashboard and help enhance engagement and tailor experiences to improve general educational outcomes.

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 Keywords

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), emotion analysis, online learning, interactive dashboard, facial expression recognition, student engagement, deep learning, occluded facial data, real-time analytics, virtual classroom, CK+ dataset, teaching strategies, personalized learning

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Aloe Vera, commonly known as Barbados or Curacao Aloe, is an herbal medicine with along tradition of use by a variety of cultures. The succulent plant grows in arid and subtropical climates and is best known for 2 distinct preparations: the clear mucilaginous gel that is widely used for the treatment of minor burns, especially sunburns, and the thick sap of the leaves that turns yellow-brown and has strong laxative effects that caution its use.

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: AloeVera, Barbados, Dermatology.

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The IoT-based Baby Cradle System is a modern and innovative solution designed to enhance the safety, comfort, and convenience of infant care. This system leverages Internet of Things (IoT) technology to provide real-time monitoring and control of a baby's cradle. A user-friendly mobile application is developed to enable parents and caregivers to monitor the baby's status remotely. The application provides real-time data updates, allowing users to check on the baby's comfort and safety from anywhere. By harnessing the power of IoT, this system provides an effective and modern solution to assist parents and caregivers in taking care of their infants, providing them with the peace of mind they need while attending to other responsibilities.

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Node MCU, cradle monitoring, IoT technology, sound sensor, moisture sensor.

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Amidst modern changes, some practices remain inherent in tribal communities reflecting traditional and customary significance. Luira festival, one of the most popular festivals is one such practice in the Tangkhul Naga tribe bearing great cultural and symbolic identity. It is no exception for Chamu, a Tangkhul Naga village in Kamjong District of Manipur. In the annual Luira festival (Seed Sowing festival), the village Awungawhich, which is hereditary would invoke blessings to mark the beginning of seed sowing. This auspicious role is entrusted only to the village Headman not by the yardstick of modern/western democracy but rather by customary traditional authority. The Awunga established the villages. Therefore, the position represents awe and reverence which denotes the obligation of the villagers. Notwithstanding influences of the modern socio-political system, this exclusive role is retained by the headman. Chamu village has an added uniqueness to the general Tangkhul Naga way of observing LuiraPhanit. Along with Loteah/LuiraPhanit, the village also celebrates Piteah (Yam Sowing Festival) as well. In this festival, instead of the headman, the Village Mantri which is also a permanent and hereditary seat, sow the first yam of the year. This privilege recognizes the clan (Muinao) which partake in the founding of the village apart from Kasarclan. Socio-cultural events such as celebrations, rather than observing such festivals, enunciate, propitiate and protect the structure of traditional authority.

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Luira Phanit (Seed sowing festival), Awunga (headman), traditional authority, customary, modern/western democracy

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Abstract: This research examines the impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability in rural India. With the proliferation of digital technologies, particularly mobile phones and internet connectivity, financial services have become more accessible to previously underserved rural populations. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of survey data with qualitative insights from interviews and case studies. Key findings indicate that digital finance has significantly enhanced financial inclusion in rural India by providing access to formal financial services, such as banking, payments, savings, and credit. Mobile banking, digital wallets, and payment apps have emerged as pivotal tools in empowering rural communities to manage their finances conveniently and securely. Moreover, government-led initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) have leveraged digital platforms to extend financial services to the last mile, ensuring direct benefit transfers and subsidy payments reach rural beneficiaries efficiently. Furthermore, digital finance has facilitated the integration of rural economies into the formal financial system, reducing their reliance on informal and often exploitative financial services. By lowering transaction costs, increasing transparency, and improving financial literacy, digital finance has contributed to the economic empowerment of rural populations, particularly women and marginalized groups. However, challenges persist, including digital literacy gaps, infrastructure limitations, and cyber security risks. Addressing these challenges will require concerted efforts from policymakers, financial institutions, and technology providers to ensure the sustainable and inclusive growth of digital finance in rural India. In conclusion, this research underscores the transformative impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability in rural India, highlighting its potential to drive economic development, empower marginalized communities, and strengthen the resilience of rural financial systems in the digital age.

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digital finance ,financial inclusion ,Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana

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Crossandra infundibuliformis, commonly known as the firecracker flower, is widely utilized in traditional medicinal practices such as Ayurveda and Siddha for the treatment of various conditions, including diabetes, leprosy, ulcers, headaches, conjunctivitis, and skin disorders. This study aims to evaluate the antipsychotic potential of ethanolic extracts derived from the leaves of Crossandra infundibuliformis. The leaf extracts were prepared using the maceration method. Two doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight of the Crossandra infundibuliformis leaf extract were selected and administered for 21 days for rats and 15 days for the mice, to evaluate their antipsychotic activity. The antipsychotic effects were assessed using the Pole Climb Avoidance Test in rats, where Haloperidol at a dose of 1 mg/kg (i.p.) served as the standard, and the Ketamine-induced stereotypic behaviour model in mice, with Olanzapine at a dose of 5 mg/kg (i.p.) as the reference drug. The ethanolic extract of Crossandra infundibuliformis leaves demonstrated significant dose-dependent inhibition of conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in rats, as indicated by an increased amount of time spent on the grid floor. In the ketamine-induced stereotypic behaviour model in mice, administration of the extract over 15 days significantly reduced behaviours such as falling, weaving, head-bobbing, and turning. These findings indicate that the ethanolic extract of Crossandra infundibuliformis exhibits significant antipsychotic activity in experimental animals.

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Antipsychotic activity, Crossandra infundibuliformis leaf, Olanzapine, Pole-climbing, Stereotypic behaviour.

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This research investigates the potential antidiabetic properties of the ethanolic extract derived from the leaves of Mesua ferrea L in a rat model. The study extracted Mesua ferrea L. (MFLE) leaves using ethanol, followed by phytochemical analysis. Diabetes was induced in Wistar albino rats using Alloxan (100 mg/kg) and Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection. Two oral doses of MFLE (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) were tested, with a control group receiving Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). The effects were assessed by fasting blood glucose levels, serum lipid profiles, and histopathological examination of pancreatic tissues. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and triterpenoids. Diabetic rats treated with both doses of MFLE had a significant drop in blood glucose levels, showing a dose-dependent effect. Microscopic examination revealed clear regeneration of pancreatic ?-cells in the MFLE-treated groups, suggesting a healing effect similar to Glibenclamide. The results of this study indicate that the ethanolic extract of Mesua ferrea L leaves has promising antidiabetic activity, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing diabetes mellitus induced by Alloxan and Streptozotocin.

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Alloxan, Antidiabetic activity, Mesua ferrea L, Streptozotocin

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This paper presents a review of Vivekananda's Philosophy to india.Swami Vivekananda was such a personality who even today lives in the core of our hearts. His philosophy is still a guiding source of inspiration for India as well as the entire world. His new understanding of religion, new approach towards man, concept of East-West, contribution to India, contribution to Hinduism, are still relevant in giving us knowledge. Swami Vivekananda clearly defined and strengthened the feeling of unity as a nation. Swamiji gave Indians the knowledge of the great spiritual heritage of their country and thus made them proud of their past. That is, he told Indians the shortcomings of Western culture and told them the need for India's contribution to remove these shortcomings. The feeling of unity, pride in the past, the feeling of mission were the factors that gave new strength to the nationalist movement of India.

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Vivekananda's , philosophy, knowledge, contribution

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The gut microbiome-brain axis is a multifaceted and dynamic communication network between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system that has been increasingly recognized for its profound influence on both behaviour and brain function. A growing body of research suggests that the modulation of this axis by probiotics, which are live beneficial microorganisms, holds considerable potential for enhancing brain health and addressing various mental health issues. Probiotics, by influencing the gut microbiota, have demonstrated the ability to affect neurotransmitter production, improve gut barrier integrity, and modulate immune responses. These effects provide promising therapeutic avenues for treating a range of conditions, including stress, anxiety, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. This review synthesizes current knowledge of the mechanisms through which probiotics exert their influence, with a focus on immune regulation, neurotransmitter synthesis, and gut barrier enhancement, among others. Clinical trials support the efficacy of specific strains in improving mental health outcomes, although strain-specific side effects, dosage accuracy, and long-term safety considerations remain challenges. By integrating findings from microbiology, neuroscience, and clinical research, this review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of probiotics as a novel and adjunctive therapeutic strategy for brain health, with a view toward guiding future research in this emerging field of neuropsychiatry. The review seeks to inform future studies and encourage the development of targeted probiotic therapies to enhance mental and cognitive health outcomes.

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Probiotics, Gut - Brain Axis, Microbiota

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The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme provides Indian farmers with easy access to low-interest credit for their agricultural and personal financial needs, but challenges such as credit adequacy, repayment difficulties, and inefficient access remain. The objective of this study is to analyze the credit utilization pattern of farmers in Sohna tehsil of Gurugram district (Haryana), under the KCC Scheme to focus on their perceptions of credit adequacy and effectiveness of the scheme and to study their repayment behavior and the challenges faced by them. In this quantitative descriptive study, six villages were selected using a multi-stage stratified random sampling technique in the first phase and 20 farmers were selected in each selected village using a simple random sampling technique in the second phase, resulting in a sample of 120 farmers from Sohna tehsil. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS using statistical techniques such as percentage, ranking, pie-chart, and t-test to understand the credit usage pattern, repayment behavior, and farmers' perception towards the KCC scheme. The findings highlighted favorable perceptions of the KCC scheme by small farmers. However, significant gaps in meeting the larger financial needs of medium and large farmers were also observed. The study concluded with three major recommendations to address the funding gap for medium and large farmers in the KCC scheme.

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Kisan Credit Card Scheme, Farmer Loan, Agricultural Credit, Loan Utilization, Loan Adequacy.

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V2O5 with orthorhombic layered structure. The importance of ARE technique an attempt was made to prepare V2O5 thin film at various oxygen partial pressures and substrate temperatures keeping the glow power at 6W. Activated reactive evaporated V2O5 thin films are found to be uniform and well adherent to the substrate surface. It is observed that stoichiometric V2O5 thin films with better crystalline nature and optical properties can be obtained by a proper control of deposition parameters such as substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the films deposited in an oxygen partial pressure of 5xl0-4 Torr, and at substrate temperature 523 K, exhibited predominantly (001) orientation with a grain size of about 200 nm. For the films deposited at lower oxygen partial pressures the intensity of (001) peak slightly reduced with a relative growth of hexagonal (h00) orientations. The effect of substrate temperature on the structure of V2O5 films was also studied by keeping oxygen partial pressure at 5x10-4 Torr. The V2O5 films formed at Ts < 423 K were found to be amorphous in nature. The grain size was observed to be increased with increase of substrate temperature. The IR absorption bands were broad and poorly resolved for the films deposited at a substrate temperature < 473 K. The high frequency IR bands corresponding to symmetric and anti-symmetric vibrations of V=O are observed at1020 cm-l, 992 cm-1 respectively for the films deposited at Ts= 523 K. The IR active modes correspond to V-O-V stretching vibration appeared at 815 cm-1 The effect of oxygen partial pressure and substrate temperature on the optical properties of V2O5 thin films were studied from the optical transmission and reflection data in the wavelength range 350-2500 nm. 5x 10-4 Torr is 2.35 eV. The films prepared at lower oxygen partial pressures (5x 10-4 Torr) exhibited a significant broad band absorption in the near infrared region and the optical absorption edge shifted towards lower energy region indicating the sub stoichiometric nature of the films. There is no significant variation in the optical band gap of V2O5 thin films with substrate temperature.

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GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF V2O5

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Pediatric dental care presents unique challenges when children are experiencing respiratory infections. Respiratory illnesses, such as the common cold, flu, or more severe conditions like pneumonia, can significantly affect a child's immune response and overall health, prompting important considerations for dental treatment. This article explores the critical factors that influence the decision to proceed with or postpone dental procedures for children suffering from respiratory tract infections. We review the physiological effects of respiratory infections on the oral cavity and discuss the potential risks of conducting dental treatments during active illness, including increased infection risk, respiratory distress, and complications related to anesthesia. Additionally, we highlight guidelines and best practices for pediatric dentists in evaluating the severity of the infection, the type of dental procedure required, and the child's overall health. Ultimately, the article aims to provide a comprehensive approach for dental professionals and parents in making informed decisions about timing dental care for children with respiratory infections. By balancing the need for timely treatment with the risks of exacerbating health issues, dental practitioners can ensure safe and effective care for their young patients.

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Oral Micro Eco System, Respiratory Disease, Oral Health.

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The intellectual property system protects creativity and discovery and prevents the exploitation of inventions. A trademark means any signs and symbols, design, expression, tagline, logo, abbreviation, which recognize or identifies a product. Several types of trademarks are available, such as wordmark, logo, logo composite mark, service mark, product mark, color mark, sound mark, collective mark, certification mark, shape mark, etc. In the process of registration, several steps are involved in getting registered. Once the Trademark gets registered, the applicant enjoys benefits like exclusive identity, never-ending trademark registration, a shield of the product, etc. This paper is attempts to detailed process that an applicant must follow the procedure as per the Trademark Act, 1999 to get the trademark protection through registration and also highlights the advantages of registration.

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Registration, Trademark Act, Protection, Renewal.

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Hamstring tightness is a prevalent issue among young individuals, often linked to sedentary lifestyles. This study aimed to compare the immediate effects of suboccipital muscle inhibition and passive stretching on improving hamstring tightness. Forty participants (aged 17-25) were randomly divided into two groups: one receiving suboccipital inhibition and the other passive stretching. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in hamstring flexibility, as measured by the popliteal angle and sit-and-reach test, following a single session of their respective interventions. This suggests that both techniques are equally effective in addressing hamstring tightness, offering potential therapeutic options for individuals experiencing this common musculoskeletal condition.

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- Suboccipital Inhibition Technique, Passive Stretching, Hamstring Tightness, Comparison

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Burning pain in the feet has been known to occur as a distinct clinical symptom for nearly two hundred years. Despite being a common and fascinating clinical entity, this syndrome has received scant attention in the medical literature and has been described only in informal reports. Treatment of burning feet syndrome/Grierson Gopalan syndrome in Homoeopathy deals with the root cause of the issue by giving complete relief rather than merely treating symptoms.

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Grierson Gopalan syndrome, Burning feet syndrome, Causation, Management, Homoeopathy, Treatment

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