Volume 11 | Issue 11

 Abstract

An excursion into the domain of Indian constitutional law would reveal that it has been no stranger to judge-made doctrines. Constitutional silences are often supplied with judicially crafted tests such as 'arbitrariness' test, basic structure doctrine and 'manifest arbitrariness' test in order to aid constitutional interpretation. The concept's strength, rather than its weakness, is the abstraction that underpins it. Concepts such as "reasonability," "arbitrariness," and "manifest arbitrariness" are essentially abstract concepts, into which the judges feed information based on their personal experiences and feeling of political responsibility in order to fulfil the obligation of coherence. The history of these ethereal ideas and their influence on the discourse surrounding constitutional law raises hopes for the effectiveness of constitutional morality as a tool for interpretation. The author has tried to analysis and evaluate the future prospectus of constitutional morality.

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Constitutional Morality, value-based concepts, Conduct based concepts.

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Women from indigenous and grassroots communities are often also custodians of traditional knowledge, which is key for their communities' livelihoods, resilience and culture. Yet, women in rural areas face constraints in engaging in economic activities because of gender-based discrimination and social norms, disproportionate involvement in unpaid work, and unequal access to education, healthcare, property, and financial and other services. Agriculture, which is considered the backbone of economy of state, has taken a back seat due to the apathy of government policies in the last three decades. The percentage of cultivable land has come down. Meanwhile, nearly 70 percent of the population depending upon agriculture for their daily livelihood directly or indirectly is currently undergoing a transformation. The main purpose of the study is to explore the impact of Uzhavar Sandhai on farmers' standard of living. If their lifestyle has improved, then the contribution of Uzhavar Sandhai towards the same has to be revealed. Thus, the core objectives of the study are: estimation of the return or profit earned by the farmers in relation to size of farms, irrigation facilities, cost of cultivation, distance travelled, place and time of operation of US. However, we would also like to understand the inner-dynamics of the Uzhavar Sandhai. The study is confined to Coimbatore city of Tamil Nadu, covered two Uzhavar Sandhais.

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Livelihood, Empowerment, Rural market

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Today with the age of globalization, India is also progressing with fast speed in every sphere of life. E-learning has emerged as new trend in education, as a new way of enhancing the learning process where social media may further improve the learning output. In July 2020, New Education Policy 2020 was introduced by Ministry of Education with its vision to transform and digitalize the county's education system. The policy was aimed not only to digitalize but also to universalize the pedagogy from pre to secondary school and has a particular focus on E-learning. During the pandemic of COVID-19 world has realized the required shift to E-learning when school and colleges are forced to shut down and operate online. New Education Policy 2020 urged the need to create an open, transformed, and evolvable E-learning infrastructure to solve the lack of reach and complex diversity in education system by the centre and state education bodies. With new policy, online education in India flourished and was promoted all over the country with a variety of educational software and portals for students and teacher development at all level. The expansion of E-learning with New National Educational Policy 2020 resulted in the broadening of online education to remote areas by installing appropriate network connections there as well as removing the digital divide. It is the vision of NEP 2020 to build the foundation of a new India. The policy aims to transform India's education system to provide high quality education to all and thus making India a global knowledge superpower. Integrating E-learning in our educational system through NEP 2020 can bring revolution in India's education and help our learners to keep pace with developed countries educational system.

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E-learning, NEP 2020, COVID-19, digitalisation, digital divide, Integration of E-learning.

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The CRISPR/ Cas9 technology which can correct genes, control transcription, model diseases, and visualize nucleic acids. Nevertheless, this is not an easy task because it has a low transfection efficiency rate as well as the off target risk associated with it. The extensive report on the CRISPR/CaSN system is delivered outlining viral as well as non-viral vehicles. The technological landscape of applied delivery technologies in CRISPR/Cas9-inspired clinical trials is clearly presented via a thorough examination. The spotlight is directed towards rational designs for non-viral vectors tasked with delivering the three pivotal forms of the CRISPR/Cas9 system: These include plasmid DNA, mRNA, and RNP, Cas9 protein complexed with guide RNA. The complexities associated with vector-derived methods of alleviating the off target worries are comprehensively scrutinized. Surprisingly, it focuses on the underlying mechanisms, uses, and obstacles concerning using CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing. Specific inherent in the system-guided Cas9 for cutting, resulting in insertions, deletions or substitution are emphasised. Besides, CRISPR/Cas9 clinical therapeutic potential is considered in relation to recent findings utilizing the genetic tools of bacterial adaptive immunity for site-specific cleavage and mutagenesis. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), and Cas proteins have changed genetics studies worldwide, transforming gene therapy landscapes. The conventional gene transfer with viral vector-mediated delivery is problematic due to the risk of insertional oncogenesis and immune-mediated toxicity whereas CRISPR makes it highly attractive substitution. Finally, recent gene therapy trials are considered and the ways through which one is able to navigate the intricacies of this revolutionary, yet nascent practice are contemplated. Addressing the limits of CRISPR/Cas9, as illustrated by its impact on moving gene therapy paradigms forward should point towards safe and efficient clinical translation.

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CRISPR/Cas9, Non-viral vehicles, Delivery technology, Genome

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Democracy means rule by the people to ensure that every citizen takes part in the decision making process either directly or indirectly through elected representatives. India is the largest democracy in the world. In the last more than 6 decades it has worked successfully well to some extent. But in modern India it has to face many challenges that need to be tackled in order to ensure true democracy. These challenges may include: social and economic inequalities, poverty and unemployment, Illiteracy and ignorance, castism, communalism, population explosion, regionalism, corruption and terrorism, etc. India needs to develop new proposals to reform democracy. Law plays important role in political reformation and may help to prevent wrong practices and encourage good ones. But mere legal changes alone do not help as the changes in laws may sometimes prove counterproductive and may result into negative impact on society. Therefore, the best laws empower people to carry out democratic reforms. The Right to Information Act is the best example that serves as a watchdog against abuse of democratic principles. The challenges to the democracy may be tackled by way of movements of activist or by the politically conscious citizens. Some of the measures that can be taken to sustain a true parliamentarian democracy in India include: achieving 100% literacy; educating the masses about democratic rights; ensuring better protection of fundamental rights, and to ensure freedom of press, etc. In this paper, the author has attempted to study and analyze the existing democratic setup in India and suggest necessary reforms in order to ensure a sustainable democracy in India.

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Dempcracy, Functions of parliment. problems and prospective

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In today's dynamic job market, academic knowledge is not enough for success, necessitating a broader skill set, which includes soft skills. The research examines the vital role of soft skills training in shaping the professional readiness of postgraduate students. Soft skills like communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and adaptability are essential for career success. The study explores the multifaceted aspects of soft skills training in postgraduate education, its impact on student's development, and alignment with industry expectations. It also investigates challenges and opportunities in integrating such training into diverse curricula. By examining the intersection of soft skills and postgraduate education, this research provides valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and students, enhancing postgraduate programs and fostering holistic professional development.

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Soft skills training, professional readiness, academic knowledge, multifaceted aspects, interpersonal abilities, emotional intelligence

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Atrocities and violence against Dalit women are used as means to reinforce this systemic caste and gender discrimination as well as to punish them when they challenge caste and gender norms. Parliamentary Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes, 4th Report, 2005, para 1.4 provides that since 2005, evidence has been involved in over 253 cases of violence against Dalit women. Observation of these cases shows that more than 70% of atrocities are committed as these women tried to assert their rights and challenge caste and gender norms. Their socio-economic vulnerability combined with being a woman and Dalit also increase the incidence of violence on them.

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Dalit women, Atrocities, caste and gender discrimination, India

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Parliamentarians in India have a little more freedom of expression and personal choice. They also have privileges in parliament. However, they also bear more responsibility and are required to uphold the dignity, exclusivity, and privacy of the legislature. They must refrain from engaging in unethical behaviour, such as accepting favours in exchange for posing questions in parliament. Recently MP Ms Mahua Moitra faced the heat for sharing confidential information to her friend and took bribery for the same. Matter has been heard by the Ethics committee of Parliament and suggested the expulsion of her. This Article deals with the Constitutional and legal provision of disqualification of MPs from house, expulsion, case laws and earlier instances of expulsion and disqualification.

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Disqualification, Bribery, Ethics, Expulsion, Parliamentary Privileges.

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 Abstract

????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? 1990 ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? |?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????(????)???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? 9 ???? ??? ???, ????, ???????? ????? ,??? ,??????, ???, ??????, ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? '?' ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? '??????' ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????,???? ?????,??????, ?????????? ???????? ??|?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???????, ???????, ????????, ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? (????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ) ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ,???? ??????, ???? ????? ???? ???????? , ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? , ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??? '??????????' ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ? ----------

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???????, ???? ???

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Music and movies play a fundamental role in shaping and elevating one's emotional state, serving as powerful sources of entertainment and inspiration. Recent research highlights the profound impact of music and movies on human emotions and cognitive activity. In the contemporary digital landscape, characterized by an abundance of content, the demand for personalized recommendations that align with users' emotional states has taken center stage. This research project introduces an innovative recommendation system that capitalizes on facial expressions to deliver real-time, customized movie and music suggestions through emotion analysis. The system employs facial feature detection techniques, incorporating both the Haar Cascade algorithm and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The inclusion of an integrated camera for facial expression capture significantly reduces the system's cost compared to alternative methods By fusing emotions with cutting-edge technology, this system holds the potential to revolutionize the entertainment experience by aligning content with human emotions. It has the capacity to transform how individuals discover and engage with digital entertainment, offering a more immersive and emotionally satisfying journey.

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Recommender System, Human Emotions, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Haar Cascade, Deep Learning, Image Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Emotion Analysis, Personalized Recommendations.

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India has been a major player in Exports of Pharmaceuticals. Its trade relation with U.S.A. has played a significant role in the India's role as an exporter. Pharmaceutical exports are a major part of the overall export from and to a country. This study is an attempt to analyze the trade relation of India and U.S.A in respect of pharmaceuticals. This study examines India's trade relationship with the United States, with a specific focus on the pharmaceutical exports sector. India has emerged as a significant player in the global pharmaceutical industry, and its exports to the United States have seen substantial growth in recent years. The research delves into the key drivers behind this trade relationship, exploring factors such as regulatory frameworks, market dynamics, and the role of Indian pharmaceutical companies. By analyzing the nuances of this trade, the study aims to provide insights into the opportunities and challenges faced by India in the context of pharmaceutical exports to the USA, as well as the broader implications for the pharmaceutical trade landscape.

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Pharmaceutical exports, India-US Trade, Pharmaceutical trade, pharma export

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RTE thepla, pasteurization, bioavailability of protein, packaging material, microbial growth

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The majority of tribal populations are still dependent on their traditional medicinal plants and treatments through village priests/traditional practitioner. The distance to Health Centres is much longer and hence tribals have to travel a long distance to avail the medical facilities. The most serious problem is their lack of faith in the present medical treatment system. They still believe in getting treatment by traditional healers and local illiterate priest of their village. Majority of them still believe that the illness is caused by evil spirits. In this part, the available and utilization of the health care facilities in the nearby PHC's and district hospitals.

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Tribal, treatment, Health etc.

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India is one of the fastest growing nations in terms of technology, and Government is also working on setting up more IT parks in major cities of our country. With growing IT infrastructure, and highly skilled and educated human resources, India has become the world technical saviours' favourite country. India is growing with respect to two industries, namely Information Technology and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). IT and ITES industry has contributed to India's GDP from 1.2 percent in 1998 to 7.7 percent in 2017. Bangalore, is the major IT hub in India and larger part of IT exports are from Bangalore. Hyderabad is also known as the HITECH city or Cyberabad, is also one of the major IT hubs in India and also the largest bio-informatics hub in India. Chennai is also a major IT hub of India, with lot of educated people, IT parks, and good infrastructure. Chennai, being the capital of Tamil Nadu, well educated people of this state would like to migrate to Chennai, to better opportunities, pay and better standard of living.

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Information Technology, Human Resource Engagement, Family Domain, Conflict domain

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India uses 3.5% of the world's total diesel power, it placed sixth position all over the world. Diesel consumption in India is expected to rise from its current 88.8 bln l in 2025 to 130 bln l, an annual growth rate of 5.6%. Diesel accounts for approximately 70% of total petrol production consumption in India. The anticipated domestic production of crude oil and natural gas in 2006-07 is 33.97 mt. Increased fuel consumption or increased biodiesel production through improved biodiesel fields will be necessary to close the gap between fuel demand and supply while maintaining global food security. To combat the waste of renewable fuels and the resulting pollution, biodiesel was developed. Biofuel is any fuel that derives from plant or animal sources and contains high concentrations of mono-alkyl esters derived from fatty acids. Biofuels can be used in combination with diesel at up to 20% (B20) with minimal engine modification, if any at all. When biofuels are utilised, there is a 30% reduction in emissions of non-combustible hydrocarbons, a 20% reduction in emissions of carbon monoxide, and a 25% reduction in emissions of compounds. Performance, emissions, and combustion parameters of biodiesel derived from non-PMEdible Pongamia oil have been assessed to those of diesel fuel in a standard diesel engine. In this investigation, Pongamia biodiesel with 20%, 35%, and 50% compositions compared to mineral Diesel were tested for their performance. Smoke opacity, carbon monoxide emissions, carbon dioxide emissions, HC emissions, NOx emissions, and NOx emissions were also assessed for each of the test fuels. Crank angle and peak cylinder pressure were used to analyse the combustion process. Experiments indicate that Pongamia non-edible oil and diesel mixes may soon play an important part in the future of diesel engines. This is especially true for small and medium energy products

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REVIEW AND ANALYSIS ON EMISSIONS OF C. I. ENGINE USING PONGAMIA BASED BIO DIESEL

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Attendance tracking is a critical process for schools, universities, and businesses to ensure that employees and students are attending classes or meetings regularly. Traditional attendance tracking methods can be time-consuming and prone to errors. The Internet of Things (IoT) provides a platform for the development of innovative solutions that can improve attendance tracking. This project presents an overview of an IoT-based RFID Attendance System (RAS) that utilizes various sensors to collect data on student or employee identification and location. The system uses radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology to automatically record attendance, eliminating the need for manual tracking. The data is then analyzed by algorithms to provide insights into attendance patterns and optimize attendance management. The system also incorporates machine learning techniques to continuously improve its attendance tracking algorithms. The use of this technology has the potential to significantly reduce administrative workloads, minimize errors, and improve attendance management efficiency. Additionally, the system is easily scalable, making it ideal for use in both small and large organizations. Overall, the IoT-based RAS presents a promising future for efficient and accurate attendance tracking.

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RFID Technology, Arduino IDE, RFID Tags, EM-18 Reader Module

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ABSTRACT The unavailability of adequate and timely credit facility is the main problem encountered by MSMEs. With an objective to "fund the unfunded" and enable a small borrower to borrow from the Commercial Banks, MFI, NBFCs and RRBs, the GOI initiated Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana scheme to provide loans up to Rs.10 lakh to non-corporate, non-farm small/micro-enterprises. The present research paper aims to study the awareness level of PMMY scheme among the youths. Primary data were collected from 200 respondents through questionnaires in Imphal West District and Secondary data were collected from journals, Mudra websites, magazines, books, newspapers and various other websites, etc. The collected data was entered and analyzed through SPSS 26 and to test the hypothesis, the study used descriptive statistics, Chi-square Test and One-Way ANOVA. The finding of the study shows that there was low level of awareness of PMMY scheme among the youths but more educated young entrepreneurs are aware of PMMY scheme.

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MSMEs, MUDRA, PMMY, MFI, NBFCs, RRBs.

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Background: Tooth loss is a common issue affecting individuals of diverse demographics and age groups, with significant implications on oral health and overall well-being. This study is aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and barriers related to replacing missing teeth within the local population. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was conducted at a private dental college in Chennai. A total of 323 participants, comprising 52% males and 48% females, were enrolled. The survey covered various aspects, including knowledge of dental treatment options for missing teeth, sources of information, personal experiences, and preferences. Data were collected through paper forms, entered into Excel, and subsequently analysed using PSPP 3.0. Results: 47% experienced tooth loss for 1-5 years and 41% for less than a year. Most attributed tooth loss to decay (65.5%) and periodontal problems (20.2%). While 92.2% believed replacing missing teeth was necessary, 87.3% had consulted a dentist about replacement, and 84.5% received proper information from their healthcare providers. Although 85.5% recognized the importance of replacing missing teeth, 40.7% cited a lack of awareness as a primary barrier, followed by financial constraints (36%). In terms of treatment preferences, 26.4% expressed a desire for an implant-supported bridge but had concerns about the surgical procedure, and 43.4% believed it was more expensive. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the awareness, preferences, and barriers concerning the replacement of missing teeth in the local population. Through education, accessible care, and patient-centered strategies, we can aspire to improve oral health outcomes and enhance the quality of life for individuals dealing with tooth loss within our community.

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Missing teeth, tooth replacement, awareness, dental treatment modalities, oral health, patient preferences, barriers, dental education, dental implants, fixed bridges, removable dentures, prosthodontic rehabilitation.

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Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have the potential to enable the next-generation Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In ITS, data contributed by vehicles can build a spatio-temporal view of traffic statistics, which can improve road safety and reduce slow traffic and jams. To preserve drivers' privacy, vehicles should use multiple pseudonyms instead of only one identity. However, vehicles may exploit this abundance of pseudonyms and launch Sybil attacks by pretending to be multiple vehicles. Then, these Sybil (or fake) vehicles report false data, e.g., to create fake congestion or pollute traffic management data. In this article, we propose a Sybil attack detection scheme using proofs of work and location. The idea is that each road side unit (RSU) issues a signed time-stamped tag as a proof for the vehicle's anonymous location. Proofs sent from multiple consecutive RSUs are used to create a trajectory which is used as vehicle anonymous identity. Also, contributions from one RSU are not enough to create trajectories, rather the contributions of several RSUs are needed. By this way, attackers need to compromise an infeasible number of RSUs to create fake trajectories. Moreover, upon receiving the proof of location from an RSU, the vehicle should solve a computational puzzle by running proof of work (PoW) algorithm. Then, it should provide a valid solution (proof of work) to the next RSU before it can obtain a proof of location. Using the PoW can prevent the vehicles from creating multiple trajectories in case of low-dense RSUs. To report an event, the vehicle has to send the latest trajectory to an event manager. Then, the event manager uses a matching technique to identify the trajectories sent from Sybil vehicles. The scheme depends on the fact that the Sybil trajectories are bounded physically to one vehicle, and therefore, their trajectories should overlap. Extensive experiments and simulations demonstrate that our scheme achieves high detection rate of Sybil attacks with low false negative and acceptable communication and computation overhead

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Trajectory, Vehicles, Cryptography, Proof of work, Privacy, Computational modeling Roads

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Online platform was one of the major platforms for buying and selling goods these days. It has enhanced a lot compared to the ages. This has become a priority option over the offline shopping to the consumers, moreover this has reduced a lot of work to the consumers and providing a best and satisfied goods for the consumers. During the pandemic situation (COVID19) online platform was the one and only option available to the people, due to which its root is deeply penetrated and strongly growing till now. It attracts consumers by decreasing the price of products in the name of Offers or budget deals precisely cutting down the product value may attract people but at that point of time they may or may not have the money to afford the item in this case we can implement an idea that locks the price for a time period so that consumer can have the product even after the offer ends. But to utilize this facility consumer has to pay 5% of original price (at the time of Deals) in order to lock the price. If consumer changes his mind on the product, then 5% money is refunded but this may vary depending on the product price in those cases if the product is an expensive thing the 50% money is refunded from the 5% of the original price .

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consumers ,Online platform, offline shopping, pandemic situation, Offers, lock price, refund.

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