Volume 13 | Issue 11

 Abstract

Electronic commerce has grown into an essential component of today's commercial environment, with many businesses dependent significantly on online sales to boost revenue. In this scenario, customer trust and loyalty are important factors in e-commerce success. According to the survey, successful e-commerce has a major impact on customer loyalty and trust. Companies that are efficient at establishing and preserving customers loyalty and trust are more probable to see increases in repeat business, rate of retention of customers, and favorable reviews, all of which boost profits as well as sales. The survey also emphasizes how crucial the design of websites, safety standards, good quality products, and customer support are to building customer loyalty and confidence.

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E-commerce, customer trust, customer loyalty, quality products, customer support

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The concept of human rights focuses on protecting the basic rights and interests of a person as a human being, without which one cannot live like a human being. These rights mainly include the right to life of the individual, right to freedom, right to equality, right to justice, right to education, right to health etc. Although the concept of human rights is modern, but its roots are associated with ancient traditions and philosophies. Which played an important role in shaping the concept of modern human rights. After two world wars in the 20th century, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the world community in 1948 and withit human rights were universally recognized at the global level. In modern era human rights concept has gradually expanded over different generations. Each generation has expanded the scope and depth of human rights based on the previous generation. This article will review the new dimensions of human rights developed in different generation.

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Human Rights, Human being, Right to life, Right to freedom, Right to equality, Right to justice, Right to education, Right to health, Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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Police accountability plays a pivotal role in ensuring that criminal law is enforced fairly, transparently, and in accordance with constitutional guarantees. This study examines how legal safeguards, judicial guidelines, oversight institutions, and internal disciplinary mechanisms regulate police conduct and protect citizens' rights in India. Drawing upon landmark case laws, the research analyses the relationship between accountability and the effective functioning of law enforcement. It also evaluates the impact of police misconduct including custodial violence, illegal detention, fabricated evidence, and excessive force on public trust and justice delivery. A comparative assessment of policing systems in the different countries highlights best practices that can contribute to strengthening Indian accountability frameworks, such as independent oversight bodies, transparent arrest procedures, and rights-based custodial safeguards. The study identifies persistent challenges such as political interference, weak implementation of reforms, inadequate training, and resource constraints. It concludes by proposing structural, legal, and technological reforms aimed at enhancing transparency, protecting human rights, and improving the credibility of the criminal justice system.

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 Keywords

Police; Police Accountability; Criminal Law; Law; Investigation; Evidence; Custodial Violence; Human Rights; Constitution; Judicial Guidelines; Police Reforms; Prakash Singh Directions; D.K. Basu Guidelines; Oversight Mechanisms; Police Misconduct; Rule of Law; Criminal Justice System; Constitutional Safeguards; Public Trust; Comparative Policing; UK; US; French; Police Complaints Authority; Transparency; Accountability.

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The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Ltd., two significant participants in the public and private sectors of India's life insurance market, are compared in this research study. This study's objective is to assess and examine their financial performance, operational effectiveness, product strategies, and customer service focus using information gleaned from industry reports and previous academic studies. Numerous studies' findings show that LIC's long-standing brand trust, wide agent network, and strong rural penetration are the reasons it continues to dominate the life insurance market. Risk-averse clients looking for assured returns are still drawn to its traditional product line, which focuses mostly on endowment and whole-life insurance. However, because of its bureaucratic structure and delayed adoption of digital tools, the public insurer has difficulties with operational efficiency and innovation. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance, on the other hand, has become one of the most powerful private insurers in India by reaching younger, tech-savvy consumers through contemporary distribution channels like bancassurance, online platforms, and digital marketing. According to studies, ICICI Prudential has gained market share among investors looking for flexibility and transparency by concentrating on unit-linked insurance plans (ULIPs), term plans, and protection-based products. Comparative research also shows significant differences in financial performance indicators such as return on equity, solvency ratios, and expense management. LIC's large scale provides stability and a vast customer base, but its cost structure remains higher compared to private competitors. Despite having a smaller total size, ICICI Prudential exhibits more operational efficiency and agility, which has improved profitability ratios recently. Publicly available research indicates that private insurers, such as ICICI Prudential, are outperforming public insurers in terms of customer satisfaction, technological adaptability, and claim settlement speed; however, LIC continues to have a higher overall claim settlement ratio, which reflects its long-term credibility. Additionally, research using the CARAMEL model (Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Revenue, Management efficiency, Earnings, and Liquidity) shows that while both insurers perform well within regulatory requirements, their strategic approaches are different. While ICICI Prudential excels in innovation, technology-driven services, and a diverse product mix, LIC is strengthened by its capital base and traditional trust. According to academic research, the Indian life insurance market is gradually transitioning from savings-oriented to protection-oriented products due to rising consumer financial literacy and digital awareness. The comparative analysis concludes by highlighting the fact that, despite using different operational models, both LIC and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance considerably contribute to the expansion of India's insurance industry. While ICICI Prudential's success is ascribed to its customer-centric innovations, product diversification, and digital transformation, LIC's strength is found in its extensive distribution reach, brand legacy, and trust. When taken as a whole, they show how India's changing life insurance market strikes a dynamic balance between conventional trust-based and cutting-edge technology-led methods. According to this study, future expansion will also depend on how well both insurers adjust to technological developments, regulatory changes, and shifting consumer preferences in a market that is becoming more and more competitive.

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financial performance, customer satisfaction, LIC, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance, comparative analysis, life insurance sector, India

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This paper proposes and evaluates methods for predicting human ABO and Rh blood groups from fingerprint images. The hypothesis is that physiological correlations between fingerprint ridge patterns, sweat gland distribution, and genetic markers can be exploited to estimate blood group labels using image-processing and machine learning techniques. We present a pipeline combining fingerprint preprocessing, handcrafted feature extraction and deep learning to classify fingerprint samples into blood group categories.

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Blood Group detection based On Fingerprint

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Education is a fundamental instrument for social and economic development, and its effective delivery depends not only on national policy frameworks but also on robust local implementation mechanisms. In recent decades, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of decentralization in governance, particularly in the education sector. This study explores the implementation of educational schemes and policies through local government structures, such as Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), and School Management Committees (SMCs), with a focus on their role in enhancing access, equity, and quality in primary and secondary education. The research delves into major schemes like the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Mid-Day Meal (MDM), Right to Education Act (RTE), and Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA 2.0), examining how these are translated into action at the grassroots level. Using secondary data from national educational databases such as UDISE+, ASER, and policy documents, along with case studies and qualitative insights from existing literature, the study identifies both enabling factors and persistent challenges in local implementation. Findings suggest that while local bodies are instrumental in mobilizing resources, engaging the community, and addressing context-specific needs, their effectiveness is often hampered by inadequate training, limited financial autonomy, bureaucratic delays, and overlapping responsibilities. Moreover, the gap between policy formulation and implementation often leads to sub-optimal outcomes, especially in underserved urban and rural areas. The study concludes that strengthening the capacity of local governance institutions, ensuring timely fund disbursement, enhancing accountability, and promoting participatory planning are essential for achieving the intended goals of educational policies. It advocates for a multistakeholder approach where teachers, parents, local leaders, and civil society collectively contribute to improving educational outcomes. This paper aims to inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners on how local governance structures can be optimized for more effective and inclusive educational service delivery.

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Local Governance, Decentralization, Implementation, Education, Equity

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One of the most interesting aspects of libraries in the 21st century is that while their focus has shifted from the management of information, it is now more concerned with broader goals of social service and environmental awareness. This article focuses on sustainable librarianship which incorporates the ethics of environmentalism into the work, services, and librarian profession. Areas of study include the environmental impact of library operations, sustainable collection development practices, planning of green library buildings, and the library's role in the environmental education of local communities. It also discusses how libraries can further the United Nations SDGs, including through the design of ecologically sustainable buildings, ethical information practices, and environmental advocacy. Librarians need to take responsibility for implementing sustainable practices within their organizations, and to promote education on environmental issues to their clientele. It follows then that if the philosophy of environmental ethics can be realized in the delivery of information services, libraries may drive sustainability and ethics in society.

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Sustainable librarianship, Environmental ethics, Green libraries, Sustainability, Environmental education, Sustainable Development Goals, Information services.

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This project presents a Dynamic Wireless Charging System (DWCS) for electric vehicles using inductive power transfer. The system enables EVs to charge while moving through mutual inductive coupling between coils placed under the road and on the vehicle. Experimental results show a pulsating DC output of around 12 V and 3 A, with an efficiency of 75-85%, and an optimal charging speed of 3-4 m/s. The study demonstrates that dynamic wireless charging can reduce EV downtime, extend driving range, and support continuous on-road power. This technology offers a promising step toward smart and sustainable transportation by integrating clean energy, automation, and contactless charging infrastructure.

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Dynamic Wireless Charging, Electric Vehicles, Wireless Power Transfer, Inductive Power Transfer, Mutual Inductance, Charging Efficiency, Transmitter Coil, Receiver Coil, Smart Transportation Systems, Renewable Energy Integration.

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Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune dermatological disorder characterized by non-scarring hair loss on areas scalp, face, and body due to CD8+NKG2D+ T-cells, driven inflammatory cytokines like IFN-g, attack hair follicles .This is the case of Female aged 56 treated individual Genetic constitutional homoeopathic medicine for 3 months with significant improvement of patchy hair loss on the scalp with long lasting improvement without recurrences and complication

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Homoeopathy, Alopecia areata , CD8+NKG2D+ T-cells , Genetic constitutional Similimum, Lycopodium.

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This study has been undertaken to investigate the determinants of stock returns in Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) using two assets pricing models the classical Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory model

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KSE, APT

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Abstract This paper presents EchoLens: Vision Through Sound, an intelligent, low-cost assistive system designed to enhance mobility and safety for visually impaired individuals. The system integrates multiple sensors--ultrasonic, flame, water, temperature, and fall detection--interfaced with a PIC microcontroller. It provides real-time audio feedback through a voice processor and wireless monitoring via the Internet of Things (IoT) using an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module and the Blynk application. The stick detects obstacles, environmental hazards, and health conditions, issuing immediate alerts through both speech and remote notifications. Experimental results demonstrate accurate detection of obstacles up to 4 meters, fast response time, and reliable connectivity with mobile applications. By combining embedded control, sensor fusion, and IoT technologies, EchoLens improves user autonomy, reduces risk in unfamiliar environments, and bridges the gap between assistive hardware and smart communication systems. The project contributes toward inclusive innovation by transforming conventional mobility aids into interactive smart devices for social and health empowerment of the visually challenged.

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Assistive technology, IoT, ultrasonic sensor, PIC microcontroller, visually impaired, embedded systems, voice feedback.

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This study investigates the relevance and potential of terracotta modular tiles in modern interior design, focusing on their thermal behavior, acoustic performance, aesthetic flexibility, sustainability, and cultural continuity. Terracotta, a time-tested natural material, offers passive cooling, moisture regulation, sound absorption, and visual warmth, making it increasingly valuable in climate-responsive architecture. The research analyzes how modular terracotta tiles--ranging from flat panels to Jali-type perforated units--enhance indoor environmental quality while supporting low-energy design strategies. Drawing from existing scientific, technical, and architectural literature, the study evaluates terracotta's performance and explores its renewed importance in sustainable construction. Findings suggest that terracotta modular tiles provide a balanced integration of functionality, craftsmanship, and environmental responsibility, making them suitable for diverse contemporary interior applications.

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Terracotta, Modular Tiles, Interior Design, Passive Cooling, Acoustic Comfort, Sustainable Materials, Architectural Innovation ________________________________________

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Each and every beautiful and hazardous motion that we see with our eyes has its center part produced in the mind through the sound waves and also expressed by means of figures and gestures. Music is inherent in natures, sure going waves of the oceans and relating rivers, murmuring, springs, birds singing in forests and gardens and the resembling cloud. All these reflect the eternal musical notes in their varied form. We the living being goes through the very soft and hard natural motions.

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Effect of Raga Therapy In Managing Individual Level Disaster

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A pre-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on the knowledge of 100 nursing students (B.Sc. Nursing 3rd year, 4th year, and Post Basic Nursing 2nd year) at Kular College of Nursing, Kishangarh, Khanna, Ludhiana, Punjab. The study was conducted from 10 June 2021 to 10 July 2021.

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SPIROMETRY TEST , RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

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Migration significantly influences or paves way for acculturation. Colonial Assam often saw deceptive or coerced migration of people from throughout India to work as labourers in the newly set up tea plantations of Assam. Naturally, this historical record of migration of people from different cultural backgrounds settling within the confined spaces of tea plantations result a complex process of acculturation. Their distinctive cultural aspects, and blend of their ancestral traditions to adaptation to the new environment (Assam) fostered to form a close-knit community within the Assamese society. There are a few novels in post-independence Assamese literature that provide crucial insights into the toilsome lives and evolving cultural landscapes of tea garden worker's community in Assam. Seuji Pator Kahini (1959) by Birinchi Kumar Barua shines as a pioneering literary voice illuminating the lives of people in Assam's tea plantations. This research paper will analyse the depiction of acculturation among the characters in Naharani tea estate, specifically noting how migration serves as the primary catalyst for acculturation in the novel, taking into account relevant historical facts. Also, John W. Berry's theoretical framework of acculturation will be used to analyse the novel Seuji Pator Kahini (1959).

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migration, acculturation, colonial Assam, tea plantation.

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This project focuses on the thermal performance analysis and optimization of a 3D printing hot end, a critical component in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) systems. The objective is to enhance heat dissipation, improve temperature control, and study the influence of nozzle design and process parameters on material flow and print quality. Thermal simulations were carried out in ANSYS to analyse heat dissipation with and without active cooling mechanisms, such as fans and air ducts. The study also explores how changes in nozzle material and geometric characteristics, including the diameter-to-height (D/H) ratio, impact thermal resistance and flow uniformity. Process parameters such as extrusion temperature and cooling rate were examined to understand their effect on thermal gradients and energy efficiency. Actual 3D-printed parts were produced using the optimized parameters and nozzle designs to validate the simulation results and demonstrate significant improvements in surface finish, mechanical strength, and dimensional accuracy. The improvised hot end features enable faster and more reliable printing, with the capability to process high-performance thermoplastics

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FDM, Hot End, Thermal Optimization, ANSYS Simulation, Nozzle Design, Heat Dissipation, High-Performance Thermoplastics

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Abstract: This paper critically examines the nuanced representation of Indian womanhood in Sudha Murty's "Something Happened on the Way to Heaven," with a central focus on the motif of silent strength. The collection, composed of true-life narratives, brings to light the resilience, dignity, and quiet perseverance of Indian women as they confront varied societal expectations, personal challenges, and entrenched patriarchal norms. Rather than dramatizing rebellion, Murty's women draw upon inner reserves of patience, self-respect, and compassion to navigate conflicts between tradition and modernity, family duty and self-actualization. Their journeys underscore the transformational power of silent endurance--whether in the face of domestic strife, professional setbacks, or social marginalization. By portraying characters who resist simplistic binaries of oppression and liberation, Murty highlights the courage embedded in everyday negotiations, affirming that feminist agency in India is often articulated through subtle, steadfast acts rather than overt defiance. This research positions Murty's stories as significant contributions to discourses on gender, individuality, and empowerment in contemporary Indian literature, illustrating how the silent strength of Indian women reshapes both their personal destinies and the broader social fabric.

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Keywords: Indian womanhood, silent strength, resilience, gender roles, tradition, modernity, empowerment, patriarchy, compassion, agency, family, self-identity, endurance, societal expectations.

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The traditional medicinal system includes numerous plants with significant therapeutic and pharmacological properties, serving as a valuable source of novel bioactive compounds. Among these, Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre, commonly known as 'Karanj', is widely distributed across the world. It has been acknowledged in various traditional medicinal systems for its effectiveness in treating a range of human ailments. The plant primarily contains flavonoids and fixed oils as its major phytoconstituents. Traditionally, different parts of Pongamia pinnata have been used to manage several conditions such as bronchitis, whooping cough, rheumatism, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, gonorrhea, and leprosy. Over the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted on this plant, highlighting its medicinal significance. Moreover, the oil extracted from Pongamia pinnata serves as a potential source of biodiesel, offering a renewable, eco-friendly, and non-toxic alternative to conventional fuels. This review aims to provide updated and comprehensive insights into the phytochemical composition, pharmacological properties, traditional uses, and biofuel potential of Pongamia pinnata.

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Pongamia pinnata, Karanj, Biofuel, Medicinal plant, Sustainability, Environmental protection.

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Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, dysregulated cytokine signaling, and recurrent erythematous, scaly plaques. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the disease, covering its etiology, immunopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and current therapeutic strategies. Genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, immune dysregulation--particularly involving the IL-23/IL-17 axis--and lifestyle factors collectively contribute to disease onset and progression. Clinical manifestations range from localized plaque lesions to severe systemic involvement, including psoriatic arthritis and metabolic syndrome. Standard treatments include topical agents, phototherapy, systemic drugs, and targeted biologics, each offering varying degrees of efficacy depending on disease severity. The review also highlights the growing role of herbal and natural ingredients with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties as complementary therapies. Recent advances such as biologics, small-molecule inhibitors, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, gene-modulating therapies, and AI-driven personalized management are transforming therapeutic outcomes and represent promising future directions. Overall, psoriasis management is shifting toward integrative, personalized, and mechanism-based approaches aimed at achieving long-term remission and improving patient quality of life.

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Psoriasis; immune-mediated disorder; keratinocyte hyperproliferation; cytokines; IL-17; IL-23; biologics; nanotechnology; herbal therapy; phototherapy; systemic therapy; psoriatic arthritis; personalized medicine.

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Fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) have had a significant rise in demand over the past decade, establishing themselves as a rapidly expanding sector within the pharmaceutical business. Oral drug delivery continues to be the favored method for administering a variety of medications. Recent advancements in technology have compelled scientists to create FDTs that enhance patient compliance and ease. Upon oral introduction, these tablets dissolve or disintegrate in the absence of supplementary water, facilitating the absorption of active medicinal substances. The formulation's popularity and use led to the advancement of several FDT technologies. FDTs are solid unit dose forms that disintegrate or dissolve swiftly in the mouth without the need for chewing or water. FDTs, or orally disintegrating tablets, are particularly beneficial for youngsters and the elderly who experience difficulty swallowing conventional pills and capsules. This review examines lyophilization, molding, sublimation, and compaction processes for fast-dissolving tablets (FDT), along with strategies to improve FDT characteristics, including spray drying and the incorporation of disintegrants. The discussion includes taste-masking technologies, experimental measures of disintegration time, and dissolution.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDTs), Oral Drug Delivery, Superdisintegrants, Patient Compliance, Disintegration Mechanism, Effervescent Excipients, Rapid Drug Release, Bioavailability, Formulation Evaluation, Pharmaceutical Technology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition