Volume 12 | Issue 11

 Abstract

Abstract Sleep holds significant importance for maintaining health and aiding in illness recovery. Its deprivation impacts all human organ systems, from cognitive function, social interaction, and work capacity, to cellular regeneration and immune function. Therefore, sleep plays a crucial role in our body and maintaining health and well-being. Given its importance and close relationship with the neurodevelopment and growth of children and adolescents, this topic is highly significant in Paediatric and Adolescent Health consultations. The Family Mental Health care provider, due to their proximity and understanding of the individual within their family, has the prerogative to contribute to family literacy, empowering them, and significantly enhancing the quality of life and overall health. Sleep problems are prevalent among children and adolescents, yet they often go unrecognized and untreated in clinical settings. This underscores the critical role that family mental health nurses can play in addressing sleep-related issues in the paediatric population. Children with psychiatric disorders are particularly vulnerable to sleep disturbances, with as many as 80% reporting sleep disruption at some point during the course of their illness.

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Family Mental Health, Mental Health Nurse, Paediatric Population, Sleep recommendations, primary healthcare, sleep disorders, sleep assessment, childhood sleep.

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The Nash Equilibrium is a fundamental concept in game theory, describing a scenario in which each player's strategy is optimal given the strategies of all other players. Despite its significance, computing Nash Equilibria in many games can be non-trivial. This paper examines the use of fixed-point computation methods as algorithmic approaches to find Nash Equilibria. We provide a comprehensive overview of these methods, highlighting their theoretical properties, practical applications, and limitations. Through this investigation, we identify the most promising techniques and potential areas for further research in this exciting intersection of game theory and computational mathematics.

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Nash Equilibrium, Game Theory, Fixed Point Computation, Algorithmic Methods, Computational Mathematics.

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Rape survivors often face a long, painful journey toward healing, navigating not only the trauma of the assault but also the barriers of social stigma, inadequate legal support, and limited access to rehabilitation services. While laws like the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, 2018, 2019 & 2023 and the POCSO Act exist to protect survivors, these legal measures alone often fall short of providing the care and justice they need. This is where Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) step in, playing a crucial role in supporting survivors when the system is not enough. This paper will explore how NGOs provide essential support to rape survivors in India, from immediate crisis intervention to long-term rehabilitation. These organizations offer a lifeline providing legal assistance, counselling, shelter, and vocational training, while also working to raise awareness and challenge the deep-rooted stigma surrounding sexual violence. Despite their invaluable work, NGOs face significant challenges, including financial constraints, societal resistance, and bureaucratic hurdles. By examining the work of organizations like Prajwala, RAHI, and the Human Rights Law Network, this study will highlight the profound impact that NGOs have on the lives of survivors. Their work is not just about providing services it's about helping survivors regain their dignity, independence, and hope. The paper will conclude with recommendations for strengthening the role of NGOs by providing them with more resources and support to continue their critical work. Ultimately, this paper will underscore the importance of a holistic approach to justice and rehabilitation, one that goes beyond the legal system and puts the well-being of survivors at the Centre of the conversation.

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NGOs, rape survivors, rehabilitation, socio-legal perspective, India, human rights

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The literature on structural control systems, particularly in seismic and wind-prone environments, has advanced significantly. Various studies have explored the performance of high-rise buildings equipped with damping devices and other seismic control systems. Research has demonstrated that integrating viscous dampers, tuned mass dampers (TMDs), and other control mechanisms can improve structural resilience, reduce vibrations, and enhance occupant comfort. Wind tunnel experiments and computational methods have been effective in analyzing wind-induced responses in tall buildings, offering cost-effective solutions for urban high-rise designs. Moreover, seismic studies on buildings with irregular configurations highlight the efficiency of base isolators, viscous dampers, and hybrid systems in mitigating seismic damage, especially during mainshock-aftershock sequences. Optimization techniques, including metaheuristic algorithms and energy-based methods, have been successfully applied to enhance damper placement and performance in both regular and irregular structures. Furthermore, simplified design methodologies for integrating damping devices into reinforced concrete structures have proven effective in retrofitting older buildings and achieving compliance with modern seismic codes. Comparative studies on different damping systems, such as fluid viscous dampers and buckling-restrained braces (BRBs), emphasize the importance of selecting the right system based on the building's dynamic requirements. Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) has been used to evaluate the economic viability of control systems, showing that despite higher initial costs, devices like TMDs provide long-term savings through reduced repair and maintenance costs. Overall, these findings are based on a thorough review of 27 research papers, underlining the importance of innovative seismic and wind control systems in enhancing the structural integrity and safety of high-rise buildings in seismic and wind-prone areas.

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The literature on structural control systems, particularly in seismic and wind-prone environments, has advanced significantly. Various studies have explored the performance of high-rise buildings equipped with damping devices and other seismic control systems. Research has demonstrated that integrating viscous dampers, tuned mass dampers (TMDs), and other control mechanisms can improve structural resilience, reduce vibrations, and enhance occupant comfort. Wind tunnel experiments and computation

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Intra vertebral disc prolapse is a very common problem and has a ubiquitous distribution. Among the galaxy of causative factors, both spinal and extra spinal seems to be the cause of lumbar disk disease leading to the symptom of low backache. Bad posture plays a very significant role in the genesis of this disease. So much is the contribution of bad posture towards this problem that one can categorically conclude that low backache is all about disk degeneration predisposed by poor posture. Eighty percent of the population is affected by this symptom at some time in life in which 78% is male & 89% is female.1 Impairments of back and spine are ranked as the most frequent cause of limitation of activity in people younger than 45 years. The cost to the society and the patient for treatment, compensation, etc. is very high. Symptoms of the condition is related with kati Pradesh which is main seat of vata dosha. In Ayurveda, Vasti therapy has been described for the treatment of vata dosha and if problem is at kati Pradesh, vasti therapy becomes prime line of treatment. Disc prolapse is not a single time phenomenon and if look into the pathophysiology of disc prolapse, first stage is Nucleus degeneration due to lack of nutrition where Sneha Vasti can be given. The Second & third stage comprises of disc protrusion or extrusion cause by nucleus displacement & in this condition, Brihmana Vasti such as Ksheera & Mamsa rasa vasti can be prescribed. The fourth stage is of fibrosis where calcification occurs & Lekhan type of vasti can be prescribed.

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Katigata Vata, Disc prolapse, Back pain

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The relationship between movies and the culture of the people involves complicated dynamics. Movies are an integral part of mass media, and also determinant and constituent of culture and attitudes of the audience. This study analyses the movie Maamanan and the application of concepts and theories of media are discussed. This movie was again an attempt by Mari Selvaraj to question the deepened roots of caste system and the injustice rendered to the minorities. The application of 'Two - Step Flow Theory' is decoded in the film. In 1944 Paul Lazarsfeld, (1901-1976) an American Social Researcher, Bernard Berelson (1912 -1979) and Hazel Gaudet was introduced The Two-Step Flow of Communication in the book named "The people's choice: How the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign. New York: Columbia University Press". The theory states that mass media content first reaches the OPINION LEADERS, people who are active media users who consume, collect, interpret the information and then disseminate, diffuse the information to the less active media consumers. This also deconstructed the dominant notion prevalent at that time, which assumed that media had a direct influence on people. Some cultural behaviour or group of people is dangerously deviant and poses a threat to society is exposed in the film.

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Complicated Dynamics, Culture and audience, Caste system, Opinion leaders, Media consumers, Cultural behaviour.

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Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have emerged as powerful tools for poverty alleviation and empowerment in rural India, fostering grassroots development through collective action. This study explores the transformative role of SHGs in Maharashtra and Odisha, focusing on their impact in addressing socio-economic disparities, promoting financial independence, and empowering women as community leaders. While Maharashtra demonstrates the potential of SHGs in mitigating agrarian distress and bridging urban-rural divides, Odisha highlights their effectiveness in uplifting marginalized tribal communities and addressing gender inequalities. The structured approach to SHG formation and capacity-building strengthens local governance, fosters resilience, and enhances livelihoods. Despite challenges like governance inefficiencies and financial constraints, SHGs continue to thrive as catalysts for inclusive development. By leveraging local resources and adopting a participatory approach, SHGs can transform developmental challenges into opportunities, offering a replicable model for sustainable rural development and contributing to India's vision of equitable growth.

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Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Rural Development, Women Empowerment, Financial Inclusion, Livelihood Enhancement, Grassroots Governance, Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development.

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The Research Paper deals with the obstacles and triumphs of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986. The Act has numerous legal ramifications as it has encountered numerous difficulties during its enactment, despite its accomplishment of enabling Muslim women to seek maintenance. Every section of the Act has been critically analysed in this article, along with any legal ramifications. Its reach extends to the protection of Muslim women, and the key inquiry that runs through the research project is whether or not this specific statute will apply to maintenance claims. This paper has discussed arbitrary legislative control and bigotry in democracies. This article aims to explain the scope of maintenance under this act and maintenance under the criminal procedure, and it offers recommendations for improving the provisions of the legislation addressing "Divorced Muslim wife is not entitled to get maintenance beyond Iddat Period. "

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MAINTENANCE RIGHT OF MUSLIM WIFE: THE MUSLIM WOMEN (PROTECTION OF RIGHTS ON DIVORCE) ACT, 1986

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This study delves into the transformative landscape of digital marketing, focusing on pivotal elements such as content formats, emerging trends, influencer marketing, and engagement tactics. It highlights the superiority of visual and interactive content in enhancing audience interaction and reach, underpinned by recent advancements such as AI, machine learning, and voice search optimization, which are reshaping marketing strategies. The research further examines the strategic role of micro-influencers, emphasizing authenticity and transparency as key to effective brand-audience relationships. Engagement techniques like personalization and the strategic use of user-generated content are discussed for their ability to deepen consumer connections and bolster brand loyalty. This comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights for marketing professionals aiming to refine their digital strategies, ensuring they are both trend-aware and adaptable to the dynamic shifts in consumer behavior and technological progress

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Digital Marketing, Influencers, User-generated content

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 Abstract

Background: Most of the activities of daily living (ADLs) require the use of arms that leads to dyspnoea and early cessation of upper extremity(UE) activities in patients with COPD, therefore upper extremity training (UET) is a significant contributor to decreasing dyspnoea in COPD patients. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of UET in improving the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and ADLs that involve UE in patients with COPD. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used in this review. PubMed and google scholar databases were searched to identify review articles and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults with COPD who underwent UET, compared with those who underwent other types of exercise or no exercise, to assess the impact on HRQoL and ADLs that involve UE. Results: Five studies, met the inclusion criteria. The results of selected studies showed that UET is safe, and can significantly improve HRQoL and ADLs that involve UE in patients with COPD. However, there were inconsistencies in results, especially regarding the perception of symptoms during ADL. The small number of studies included and their methodological quality doesn't allow for firm conclusions. Conclusions: The findings of this review revealed that UET is a safe therapeutic approach, and can improve the HRQoL and ADLs that involve UE in patients with COPD, but results are unclear. Further investigation through well-designed RCTs is needed to determine the effectiveness of UET in improving the performance of HRQoL and ADLs that involve UE in COPD patients.

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Upper extremities; upper extremities exercise training, COPD; ADLs, Exercise therapy

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Science fiction has recently gained popularity among other genres, thanks to characters like Tony Stark's Iron Man armour and the technologically advanced nation of Wakanda. In actuality, science fiction has accompanied human development from the beginning of the period of science and technology. This Research Paper studies attempts to highlight the actual impacts of science fiction on human society and technological evolution in defining the modern world and securing the way to a bright future by analysing in depth the usual subgenres with instances and comparisons between sci-fi works. This explanation's outcome could aid in our understanding of science fiction's broader significance and its connection to contemporary culture.

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Science,impact, Future, Human Society

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PCEA and other churches experience conflicts due to diversity of opinion in deciding duties of the clergy, order of worship, allocation of mission funds and church participation in corporate social responsibilities. Emotional intelligence is expected to enable people to be in harmony with themselves and with other people. An emotionally intelligent person is supposed to be aware of self, self-regulate, motivated intrinsically, and empathetic and has social skills (Cherry, 2018). The current study's purpose was to establish a relationship between emotional intelligence and church conflict management among woman's guild leaders in the PCEA church Kiambu County, Kenya. The study objectives were be; to establish the prevalence of church conflict among woman's guild leaders in PCEA, to determine the relationship between self-awareness and church conflict management among WG leaders, to examine the relationship between social skills and church conflict management among WG leaders and establish the relationship between empathy and church conflict management among WG leaders. The study used correlational research design. Dependent variable indicators were: ability to communicate openly in case of dispute, active listening, reviewing options and win-win solutions. A sample of 220 woman's guild leaders who were selected from a target population of 415 PCEA Woman's guild leaders. Multistage sampling was used to sample the population. Self-administered questionnaires designed for WG leaders were used in the collection of quantitative data. Interview schedule was used to collect qualitative data from WG chairpersons. Each questionnaire was divided into sections A-E based on research objectives. The instruments' face, and content validity were achieved through expert advice. Internal consistency reliability was enhanced through pilot study involving 5WG leaders from Nairobi County whose results did not form part of the main study. The questionnaire had a Cronbach coefficient alpha 0.87 and the interview guide 0.74. Quantitative data was then analyzed by use of descriptive statistics namely mean, mode, percentage and frequency and inferential statistics were presented using tables guided by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis which transformed qualitative data to quantitative based on study objectives which were then presented in terms of frequency and percentage. The study findings showed that Woman's Guild leaders' self awareness, was 3.31% of WG leaders had poorly developed self awareness, 4.97% WG leaders had developing self awareness, 17.13% had fairly developed self awareness while 2.76% had perfectly developed self awareness. Most WG leaders had well developed self awareness 71.83%. The total mean points were 3.66 which when rounded off to the nearest whole number which was 4. This leads to the conclusion that WG leaders on average have well developed self awareness. The study recommended that Church counselors needed to assimilate regular testing of Emotional Intelligence indicators such as Self Awareness when conducting their usual counselling sessions in order to avert church conflict. Permission to undertake this study was sought from Kenyatta University and others like, NACOSTI and Kiambu County local government. Findings obtained from this study will be useful in managing church conflicts among Woman's guild members through emotional intelligence training and interventions. The findings will be of significance to Presbyterian Church of East Africa in understanding relationship between emotional intelligence and church conflict management among her members. Academic documentation from the study will be used for reference by those interested in understanding EI and church conflict management.

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Independent variable of this study were emotional intelligence which include: self-awareness, social skills and empathy. Dependent variable will be church conflict management indicated by ability to communicate openly in-case of a dispute, ability to review options so as to find solutions that benefit everyone, actively listening to everyone's opinion without interrupting and ability to end with win-win solution.

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Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune condition characterized by excessive collagen deposition, resulting in fibrosis of the skin and various internal organs. Gastrointestinal involvement is common in SSc, particularly esophageal manifestations such as esophagitis and dysphagia, which significantly affect the patient's quality of life. This is a case report of a patient aged 35-years, who was diagnosed with systemic sclerosis, a disease complex along with Esophageal dysmotility, Reflux esophagitis, Gastritis with dysphagia & persistent vomiting. He is also presented with complaints of whole-body stiffness, joint pain, stony hard swelling on B/L thighs and legs, thickening of skin all over the body, Ayurveda offers a holistic framework for managing chronic diseases with emphasis on Panchakarma (Basti Chikista) and lifestyle modification. The patient received treatment over a period of 1 to 1.5 years, with intervals of 3 to 4 months between each session. The patient underwent Basti Karma with Manjishtadi Kshara Basti, Tiktaka Ksheera Basti, Abhyanga, Various type of Swedana (Sudation) like Patra Pinda & Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda and other local therapies, resulting in improvement in swelling and stiffness in both upper and lower limb joints, a reduction in joint pain and dysphagia, and an overall improvement in health, enabling the patient to carry out daily and professional activities. This case report outlines the successful management of diffuse systemic sclerosis by analyzing the complex disease structure through the lens of Ayurvedic Principles in treating it with Ayurvedic medicine and therapeutic procedures.

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SSc, Systemic Sclerosis, Ayurveda Basti Chikitsa

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The fast expansion of subsurface bored tunnels in India for metro trains has raised the dilemma of how to design tunnel structures to prevent failure in an effective manner. As lining is one of the main components of a bore tunnel and its cost is directly proportional to its size, it is essential to construct the lining in an economical manner. Due to the enhanced modelling flexibility, engineering practice on these models is numerical. However, numerical models may be difficult to comprehend, in contrast to the simplicity of most empirical or analytical models. In this research, a basic model is utilized to analyze several tunnel lining design elements. Comparisons are made between these models and measurements and the findings of more intricate quantitative analysis. The objective is to demonstrate that tunnel lining behaviour may be comprehended using very basic models. Simple models have the benefit of being useful for early design and dominating mechanisms. Generally, empirical relationships and analytic solutions provide excellent insight into pertinent situations. In order to understand the interaction between the complicated geometry, geology, and building process, numerical models are required for the final design. In this work, a basic model is employed to analyses several tunnel lining design elements. The objective is to demonstrate that tunnel lining behaviour may be comprehended using very basic models. Simple models have the benefit of being useful for early design and dominating processes. In this work, a comparison was made between the traditional approach and ANSYS for the factor of security of tunnels section by introducing quantitative fiber. This study using ANSYS FEM revealed that fiber reinforcement, especially at 15%, significantly enhances tunnel lining stability by reducing deformation, elastic strain, and shear stress over time. Segments with higher fiber content demonstrated improved structural performance, underscoring the effectiveness of fiber in reinforcing tunnel linings.

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Subsurface bored tunnels,Tunnel lining ,design Metro train tunnels, Numerical models, Empirical models ,Analytical models.

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Agriculture is playing important role in growth of economy in India. India is the biggest country for crop production and major contributor of country's economy and provide food for millions of people and animals. This research work were conducted at various agricultural sites of Kanpur Nagar , U.P. to evaluate the fertility status of agricultural soil. We aimed to study the physical and chemical status in agricultural soil. We collected 20 Soil samples from different region of agricultural soil. The soil samples were analyzed for their physico - chemical properties. Soil samples were collected from different depth at 0-10 cm, 10-25 cm and 25-40 cm. The result revealed that soil colour varied from different in dry condition and wet condition. The texture was dominantly sandy, loam, alluvial and clay soil. Chemical properties that is PH, electrical conductivity (EC), and organic carbon. The pH ranged is 7.5 - 8.4 and EC found range 0.60 - 0.90 ds/m, while organic carbon was ranged from 0.30- 0.75 %. The study show the physico - chemical properties of Kanpur region of U.P., India. Understanding of these properties are crucial for sustainable agriculture, preservation of ecosystem health because agriculture contributes 17-18% India GDP, and 13% of total export.

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Key Words- Agriculture, economy, pH, Electrical conductivity, Ecosystem

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Research on sleep deprivation's effects on cognitive functioning, with a particular emphasis on false-triggering, forgetfulness, and distractibility, has been conducted. Online data collection was done using a convenience sample method. We used a total of 53 questions in our questionnaire, which included 28 questions from a sleep quality scale (by Hyeryeon Yi, Kyungrim Shin, and Chol Shin, 2006) and 25 items from a cognitive failure assessment questionnaire (by Donald Broadbent and his colleagues, 1982). 90 employed individuals, 48 women and 42 men, between the ages of 21 and 60, participated in the study. The results indicate that people with more sleep deprivation show significantly higher levels of forgetfulness, distractibility, and false triggering. The t-test was used to analyze the data, and it also indicated statistically significant differences across all three cognitive functions with p values. These findings align with existing literature on the detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance and underscore the importance of adequate sleep for maintaining cognitive function.

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Keywords: sleep deprivation, cognitive functioning, forgetfulness, distractability, false-triggering, and employed individuals.

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This study examines the electronic banking satisfaction among the customers of the public and private banking sector to compare their electronic service quality. This research study on focuses the respondents of the banking sector located in Ahmedabad city only. In this research, hypotheses were developed with the help of secondary sources. The objective of the study is to find out consumer satisfaction with respect to e-banking and perception. After the literature review, a Likert scale-based questionnaire was developed for surveying consumers. Various electronic banking services factors like ATM/debit cards, cash debit machines, NTFS/RTGS/IMPS, online banking, credit cards, e-response/messaging, mobile banking, online security and data security have been analyzed along with customer satisfaction. Primary data was collected through a random sampling technique. Collected data was analyzed using the statistical software R programming and visualized with jitter boxplot. The findings show that most of the customers from private bank are satisfied with the electronic services provided by the private banking sector which indicates the service quality of the electronic services. With high service quality, the level of satisfaction will also be high which means that the private banking sector is providing good quality to the customers as compare to public sector banks.

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Electronic Banking, E- Banking, Customers, Information and Communication Technology, ATM/Debit Cards, Cash Debit Machine, NTFS/RTGS/IMPS, Online Banking, Credit Cards, E-Response/ Messages, Mobile Banking, Physical Branches, Online Security & data protection

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Today, millions of children use computers daily. About 90% of school-aged children in the U.S. have access to a computer. Using computers and laptops helps in improving the motor skills of the kids and also helps in their cognitive development. This, in turn, improves the school readiness of the kids. However, too much of anything is bad. Like adults, excessive use of computers and digital media can cause Computer Vision Syndrome in children too. Extensive viewing of the computer screen can lead to eye discomfort, fatigue, blurred vision and headaches, dry eyes and other symptoms of eyestrain. These symptoms may be caused by poor lighting, glare, an improper work station set-up, vision problems of which the person was not previously aware, or a combination of these factors. Children can experience many of the same symptoms related to computer use as adults. Vision and eye problems are quickly becoming a common issue for people who work all day at a computer. Rather than one specific eye problem, computer vision syndrome (CVS) encompasses a host of eye discomforts associated with using a computer or other electronic screen for extended periods. With the popularity of video games, handheld devices and tablets, children are at high risk of being affected by CVS.

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computer vision syndrome, dry eyes, childhood

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The increasing frequency of lost personal items presents a need for efficient recovery solutions. This research explores a system using QR codes and the Geolocation API to streamline the return of lost items. By scanning a QR code attached to a lost item, a finder can instantly share their location with the owner. The proposed system automates location sharing, ensures privacy through user consent, and provides a simple, effective means of item recovery. This study assesses the system's technical performance, user experience, and privacy considerations.

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QR code, Lost item recovery, Geolocation API, Location tracking, User consent, Item return system, Real-time location sharing

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This research examined the relationship between grit and flourishing in young adults, focusing on potential gender differences. Using a sample of 100 participants (50 males, 50 females) aged 18-25, it employed the Short Grit Scale and the Flourishing Scale. The analysis revealed a low but positive correlation between grit and flourishing (r = .300, p < 0.05), indicating that perseverance and sustained interest contribute to psychological well-being. No significant gender differences were found in grit and flourishing levels. The study suggests that resilience-building interventions can enhance well-being across genders, with future research recommended to include more diverse traits and samples.

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Grit, Flourishing, Well- Being, Gender

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