Volume 12 | Issue 11

 Abstract

In India, medical devices are regulated by the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) under the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), a part of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. While several medical device companies operate in India, only 7% of implants--classified as Class III medical devices--are manufactured domestically. With an import dependency of 75%, the European Union is the largest supplier.High-risk goods like orthopaedic implants, cardiac stents, and diagnostic equipment are frequently imported from the US. Orthopaedic implants, designed to replace or support damaged bones and joints, are defined as devices that help prevent musculoskeletal deformities and injuries. The regulation of imports aims to equip healthcare professionals to use these devices effectively, which in turn will enhance patient compliance and improve their quality of life. Additionally, various fiscal initiatives are in place to encourage the research, development, manufacturing, and import of medical devices in India, including specific standards for orthopaedic implants. The regulatory frameworks of European and international standards organizations differ in their approach, and new areas of work are also being developed to further strengthen these standards.

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 Keywords

Medical Devices, Regulations, Drug controller general of India(DCGI), Central drugs Organisation of India(CDSCO), Class III medical devices, Implants, Orthopaedic Implants, Regulatory Framework

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This dissertation, titled "Status of digital payment post demonetisation," investigates the impact of India's 2016 demonetisation policy on the adoption and usage of digital payment systems. The study addresses the key issue of whether demonetisation has led to a sustainable shift towards digital transactions and identifies the factors influencing this transition. The research analyzes pre- and post-demonetisation digital payment trends, user demographics, and transaction volumes, supplemented by qualitative insights from stakeholders. The findings indicate that while demonetisation triggered a significant increase in digital transactions, with the Unified Payment Interface (UPI) clocking over 4 billion transactions per month, the long-term shift towards a less cash economy has been limited. Despite the initial surge in digital payments, cash in circulation has increased by 57.5% since 2016, contradicting the policy's objective of reducing cash transactions. The study also highlights that the digital payment adoption was likely to occur regardless of demonetisation, given the existing trend of increasing digital transactions. The significance of these findings lies in understanding the effectiveness of policy interventions aimed at promoting digital economies and the unintended consequences on various economic sectors, particularly the MSMEs and informal sectors which were severely impacted. The broader implications suggest that policy makers should consider more nuanced and multi-faceted approaches to foster a sustainable transition to digital payments, rather than relying on drastic measures like demonetisation.

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 Keywords

Demonetisation, UPI, Digital payments

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Introduction: Menstruation is a normal physiological cycle, common to all the female in the reproductive age group. PMS is not real life threatening but it can seriously alter the quality of life of many women and affect their productivity and mental health. The number of women seeking treatment for premenstrual symptoms is on the rise. Approximately 80-90% of women experience some symptoms in the premenstrual period at some point in their reproductive years. Methods: The present study is a pre-experimental, one group pre-test post-test design was used for the study. Using the purposive random sampling technique, 100 adolescent girls were selected and the data was collected by administering the Structured Knowledge Questionnaire on premenstrual syndrome during adolescence period. After collecting data, the planned teaching programme (PTP) was administered to the subjects on the same day and on 8thday, a post-test was conducted using the same Structured Knowledge Questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Finding shows that pre group of female students 41 (41.0%) had poor knowledge score, 35 (35.0%) had Average knowledge score and 24(24.0%) female students had poor knowledge pre-menstrual syndrome. Additionally, after that the implement of PTP, post group of female students 34 (34.0%) had poor knowledge score, 21 (21.0%) had Average knowledge score and 45(45.0%) female students had post knowledge pre-menstrual syndrome. Discussion and conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that the planned teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of the adolescent girls regarding life style changes in the prevention of premenstrual syndrome during adolescence period. Educating the adolescent girls, will help them to become more aware about their own health and also helps for early detection and treatment.

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Pre-menstrual syndrome, Planned Teaching Program, Female students

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This research investigates the effectiveness of a comprehensive awareness program aimed at raising awareness about substance abuse among children from marginalized communities in Lucknow. Conducted over 53 days in collaboration with Pehchaan NGO, the study involved various interactive and educational activities designed to enhance understanding and resistance to substance abuse. Pre-test and post-test evaluations were done to measure changes in awareness and knowledge about substance abuse. The findings reveal significant improvements in the children's understanding of substance abuse and their ability to resist peer pressure, highlighting the importance of engaging and educational interventions.

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Substance Abuse, Children, marginalized communities, education, awareness, prevention

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Digital marketing has revolutionized how brands promote themselves and engage with consumers, with YouTube and Instagram emerging as key players. This study examines the marketing strategies and impact of these two influential platforms.YouTube stands out as a platform for video content, enabling brands to create engaging narratives that resonate with viewers. Through various formats such as tutorials, product demonstrations, and collaborations with influencers, businesses can reach a broad audience and benefit from the platform's diverse user base. Its advanced algorithms facilitate targeted advertising, enhancing brand visibility and encouraging consumer interaction.On the other hand, Instagram prioritizes visually appealing content and encourages user participation, making it an excellent choice for building brand image and fostering community. With features like Stories, Reels, and shopping capabilities, brands can create interactive experiences that drive engagement and sales. The platform's emphasis on influencer partnerships further strengthens brand messages, appealing to consumers' desire for authenticity.This abstract highlights the distinct strengths of YouTube and Instagram in the realm of digital marketing, emphasizing the importance for brands to effectively leverage both platforms to boost engagement, expand reach, and increase conversion rates. The analysis underscores the need for content that aligns with the unique characteristics of each platform to optimize marketing outcomes in the digital era.

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Social Media Marketing,Visual Marketing,Content Strategy,Targeted Advertising,Marketing Analytics,Brand Identity

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This study explores the association between perfectionism and demographic factors, specifically gender and socioeconomic status (SES), among young adults. Employing the Big Three Perfectionism Scale--Short Version (BTPS-SF) and the modified Kuppuswamy SES Scale, we evaluated 85 participants aged 18-26, comprising equal gender representation. The results indicate significant gender-related variations in self-critical perfectionism, with females scoring slightly higher than males. Similarly, participants from higher SES backgrounds displayed elevated levels of perfectionism, suggesting a possible link between socioeconomic pressure and perfectionistic tendencies. These findings emphasize the impact of demographic variables on perfectionistic behavior, which has important implications for mental health interventions targeting young adults.

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: Perfectionism, Gender differences, Socioeconomic status, Self-criticism, Adaptive perfectionism, Maladaptive perfectionism.

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Brian Hunter has been called by the media as the 'rogue trader who got away with it' (Goodman). Accused of energy market manipulation, Hunter earned as much as $100 million a year and earned 15 percent of his profits in an "eat-what-you-kill" bonus arrangement as head natural gas trader at Amaranth. Under him what appeared to be a profit streak led Amaranth to shift from their diversified focus to energy trading. But on 23 September 2006, Amaranth Advisors lost almost 65% and eventually closed up. The loss was because of rogue trading and a 'complete breakdown in risk control' (Amaranth Advisors). Hunter's bonuses, like those of many like him, are linked with how much they can rake in, perhaps in a short period of time, and thus the issue of implementing bonus caps is not surprising. Where there may be moral hazard between a material risk taker, and the shareholders for whom they invest, there will be plausible reasoning for the imposition of bonus caps.

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Finance Sector

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This research paper studies the impact of packaging design on consumer purchasing behaviour, specifically focusing on beauty and wellness products. This study dives into how the packaging of beauty and wellness product items influences what consumers like you choose to buy and investigate how various aspects of packaging--such as consistency in branding, customisation, and sensory engagement affects consumer purchasing decisions. This study is based on both primary and secondary data and a questionnaire tool is used to achieve the research objectives. The study shows that innovative packaging has the most influential effect on consumer buying behaviour compared to the other packaging elements. This study provide valuable insights for brands to enhance their packaging strategies who are in this industry and helps them to understan d how to make their products stand out on the shelves.

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Packaging Design, Consumer Behaviour, Customised Packaging, Branding, Beauty and Wellness Products

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This article aims to dive deep in the concept of freedom of press and media which is an important facet of right to freedom of expression and speech envisaged in the Indian constitution in light of reasonable restrictions. The main objective of this article is to analyse the reasonable restrictions provided under the Indian constitution in the contemporary era and how are they being misused, at the same time the challenges which are faced by the people in media thus bringing out a balance among the two. Media consciousness in the current arena is important to maintain an equilibrium between the democratic values and the responsible disclosure of information. With the growing technology and advancement of digital age the accessibility to information has increased at the same time the reliability and credibility of such information has decreased due to political legal and ethical problems. The historical context and evolution of the right to freedom of press can be traced in various international laws and amendments. This article concludes that the right to freedom of press although not explicitly mentioned anywhere it can be implied from article 19(1) of the Indian constitution creating a notable impression in the landscape of Indian jurisprudence. There are ample challenges posed and the press not being free in the real sense there is still some gap left for the legislature to bridge with the help of comprehensive legislation while maintaining constitutional integrity and democratic values.

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constitution, freedom of press, media consciousness

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At present, unmanaged application of pesticides is having an impact on the environment, agriculture, and livelihoods all over the world. Excessive consumption of pesticides to improve agricultural yields and ensure adequate food supply is causing a number of serious issues with the environment. Managing the use of pesticides effectively and cleaning them up is one of the most difficult challenges to overcome. The effectiveness of the existing pesticide biodegradation approaches, involving various microorganisms and enzymes, is restricted. Therefore, a new approach is required to protect the ecosystem from the severe environmental threat. Due to their distinctive characteristics of being small and having a large surface area, nanomaterials have gained interest in a variety of fields in recent years. In a variety of bioremediation procedures, nanotechnology has been considered to be a promising and successful technology. It also offers several important advantages for enhancing environmental technologies through the application of nanomaterials with effective performance. This review article aims to demonstrate the significance, impact, and important applications of nanomaterials in the bioremediation process for the efficient removal of harmful pollutants like pesticides.

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pesticides, environmental issues, biodegradation, Nanotechnology, nanomaterials

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Social media has become a powerful tool for communication and information sharing in the age of technology, particularly when it comes to stock market investment. But this development has also opened the door for a rise in investment frauds driven by social media. This study explores how scammers use social media's reach, confidentiality, and speed to share information in order to commit financial frauds. This study analyses prominent scam techniques, such as pump-and-dump schemes, fake recommendations, fraudulent investment platforms, phishing, false promises of high returns, and misrepresenting recognized financial institutions. Using a mixed-methods approach that includes case study analysis of reported scams in India and social media group interaction analysis, the study finds common scammer tactics include phishing, Ponzi schemes, and urgency-based manipulation. The findings highlights warning signs and psychological manipulation techniques used to lure victims, emphasizing the need for awareness and enhanced regulatory efforts to protect investors.

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Social Media, Stock Market, Investment Scams, Investor Awareness, Investor Protection,Financial Fraud, Cyber security, Fraud Detection Technique, Financial Regulation

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ABSTRACT This study explores the access and utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) among the Paniya tribes in Wayanad, Kerala. Despite foundational access, significant challenges such as high costs, unreliable infrastructure, and limited digital literacy hinder effective ICT adoption. The research, based on a mixed-methods approach, indicates that while smartphones and mobile data are the primary modes of access, usage is predominantly for job searching and social communication, with limited engagement in educational and healthcare purposes. Logistic and multiple regression analyses reveal that education level and ICT training significantly impact the positive perception of ICT on quality of life. However, barriers like economic constraints and language limitations persist. Respondents suggested improvements like more affordable internet, training programs, and better infrastructure. The study highlights the need for targeted policies that enhance digital literacy, infrastructure, and cultural competence to bridge the digital divide and foster sustainable development within tribal communities.

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ICT Access, Digital Inclusion, Paniya Tribes, Socio-economic Development, Barriers to Technology

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EduTrade is a comprehensive platform designed to simplify and enhance the educational experience for students. It enables students to buy, sell, and exchange academic resources such as textbooks, notes, and study guides, providing a cost-effective way to acquire up-to-date materials. The platform also offers advanced features like an AI-powered chatbot for real-time assistance for concept clarification, allowing students to address doubts quickly and independently. Additionally, EduTrade includes a repository of previous year questions (PYQs) and faculty-provided notes, helping students prepare thoroughly for exams. Secure transactions are ensured through an integrated payment gateway, and community-driven ratings and reviews build trust, making EduTrade a reliable marketplace for educational materials. Edu Trade's unified approach has the potential to transform the way students access and share academic resources. Its secure, efficient design and comprehensive range of features make it an innovative solution that can significantly reduce educational costs, improve academic accessibility, and enhance student engagement. In conclusion, EduTrade is a powerful tool that aims to reshape the educational resource ecosystem, fostering a community-centered approach to learning while supporting students in achieving academic success.

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EduTrade, Academic resources, Students Platform, Reliable Materials, Educational access.

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The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has transformed numerous industries with its cutting-edge capabilities. This research paper offers an insight into an overview of AI, exploring its core segments like machine learning, neural networks, and natural language processing. It also explores the relevance of AI in the fashion industry, emphasising its impact on design and creativity, supply chain management, sales and marketing, and how it offers a sustainable approach to fashion. It also includes case studies of top fashion brands successfully integrating AI into their operations, improving efficiency and innovation. Despite its incredible potential, adopting AI in fashion presents challenges like data privacy concerns, high initial implementation costs, and the need for specialised skills. This paper also examines future trends such as accurate forecasting, increased personalisation, enhanced sustainable practices, and the emergence of AI-driven operations. Overall, it underscores the crucial role of AI in shaping the future of fashion.

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Artificial Intelligence, fashion, futuristic, technology, machine learning

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Speech enhancement, a crucial part of speech processing, reduces noise, reverberation, and distortions to increase the comprehensibility and clarity of voice signals. Although they have set the foundation, conventional methods such as Wiener filtering and spectral subtraction are frequently constrained in intricate and cacophonous settings. Recent developments in machine learning, especially deep learning, have completely changed this sector by providing more resilient, adaptable models that can deal with a wide range of noise circumstances. This review study looks at different machine learning-based methods for improving speech, with a particular emphasis on neural networks including recurrent and convolutional neural networks (RNNs). Their structures, optimization strategies, and superior performance over conventional approaches are all covered in this study. It also tackles the difficulties of computational efficiency on devices with limited resources, model complexity, and real-time processing.

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Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Deep Learning , Noise Reduction , Real-Time Processing , Resource-Constrained Devices

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Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) have persistently posed a significant challenge for public sector banks, with profound implications for financial stability and credit accessibility. Traditional methodologies employed for credit monitoring often lack the necessary adaptability and predictive capacity to effectively address the dynamic nature of evolving risks. This paper scrutinizes the deployment of machine learning (ML) techniques in the formulation and execution of a comprehensive framework aimed at enhancing NPA tracking. Drawing upon an extensive body of literature, the review delves into various ML models, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, the incorporation of alternative data and the ethical dilemmas associated with the adoption of AI-driven credit monitoring systems. Although existing research identifies certain gaps--such as the challenges of real-world implementation and a limited emphasis on explainable AI--this paper proposes future avenues for bolstering credit monitoring frameworks, thereby augmenting the resilience of public sector banking institutions. However, it is crucial to consider these factors holistically to ensure more effective strategies moving forward.

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Non-Performing Assets, Credit Monitoring, Machine Learning, Public Sector Banks, LSTM Networks, Alternative Data, Explainable AI

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Myasis is the term for the situation where fly maggots feed on and grow in living things tissues. Maggot infestation occurs when the larvae of the maggot infiltrate the skin and subcutaneous tissue. This case report presents a complete wound healing of a 65-year-old man who was brought with a history of trauma, non-wound healing over his right foot for a month and maggots found in the wound. His post meal and fasting blood sugar levels were elevated, according to the Blood Sugar Level [BSL] test. Complete wound healing was achieved in 7 days with help of local as well as systemic management of Ayurveda. Cleaning of the wound with Betadine followed by dressing with Turpentine oil was done regularly. For systemic management, Arogyavardhini Vati 250mg 2 tab twice a day, Khadiradi Vati 200mg 2 tab twice a day, Chandraprabha Vati 200mg 2 tab twice a day, Capsule Septilin 2 tab twice a day, Capsule crab 2 tab twice a day for 1 month prescribed orally for 7 days. This is a single case report presenting complete healing of a non-healing wound with a positive outcome in short term through Ayurveda management.

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Non healing wound; Ayurveda; Myiasis; Maggot

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The research on mucosal drug delivery systems is systematically reviewed in this study, which also looks at the systems' potential for drug administration in the future. MDDS have drawn a lot of interest lately due to their ability to increase medication absorption, boost therapeutic efficacy, and reduce adverse systemic effects. The material currently available on MDDS, including several mucosal routes such oral, nasal, ocular, pulmonary, and vaginal delivery, is critically assessed in this review. The benefits, difficulties, and most recent developments in mucosal drug administration are examined in this study, with an emphasis on systemic and local therapeutic uses. Mucosal administration is a desirable alternative for medications with poor gastrointestinal absorption or breakdown by digestive enzymes due to its quick onset of action and avoidance of first-pass metabolism. All things considered, this systematic review presents insightful information about the state of MDDS today as well as suggestions for further study and advancement in this area.

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mucoadhesion, bioadhesion, transmucosal, mucosal layer, permeability

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This initiative investigates how blockchain technology can improve the process of verifying identities. Conventional methods of identity verification, which frequently depend on central databases, are at risk of security incidents, manipulation of data, and single points of failure. This initiative utilizes the distributed, unchangeable, and open characteristics of blockchain to develop a more secure and robust system for identity verification. By adopting a system based on blockchain, the initiative seeks to remove the necessity for central oversight, thereby minimizing the chance of unauthorized entry and guaranteeing the reliability of user information. The system employs smart contracts for the handling of identity verification, ensuring that only confirmed identities are granted access to confidential resources. Moreover, the distributed structure of blockchain guarantees that user information is spread across various nodes, rendering it extremely difficult for intruders to modify or tamper with the data. The outcomes of this project highlight the transformative potential of blockchain in the realm of identity verification, presenting a more secure, open, and reliable option compared to conventional techniques. This strategy not only enhances security but also builds confidence among users in online interactions, making it especially beneficial for applications that demand extensive data security and integrity.

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Blockchain Technology, Identity Verification, Decentralized Authentication, Smart Contracts, Data Security, Iot Security

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This study addresses the rapid proliferation in public and restricted areas of mobile phones that has led to security, privacy, and operational challenges, especially in places like schools, hospitals and sensitive facilities. To address these challenges, this research focuses on developing an efficient and reliable mobile phone detection system that can detect active mobile phones within a designated range. This detector operates by identifying the radio frequency (RF) signals emitted by mobile phones during communication with cellular networks, by leveraging techniques such as RF signal monitoring, electromagnetic field detection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Radio Frequency (RF) signals, electromagnetic field detection, signal monitoring, signal interference, surveillance technology, device restriction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition