Volume 13 | Issue 10

 Abstract

Sharad Ritu (autumn season) is characterized by an increase in environmental heat, dryness, and reduced humidity after the heavy rainfall of Varsha Ritu. These changes aggravate Pitta Dosha, especially in Rakta Dhatu, leading to disorders like hyperacidity, urticaria, skin eruptions, and hypertension. Ayurveda recommends Shodhana therapies such as Virechana and Raktamokshana during this period to purify Pitta and Rakta, thereby preventing seasonal and psychosomatic diseases. This review explores the rationale, environmental and psychosocial context, Ayurvedic pathology (Samprapti), and modern relevance of different Shodhana modalities and Swasthya Paricharya during Sharad Ritu.

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Shodhana Chikitsa, Shrad Ritu, Ritu Paricharya, Swasthya Paricharya, Seasonal Detoxification, Panchakarma, Virechana Karma, Pitta Prakopa, Dosha Shamana, Ritucharya according to Ayurveda

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Fungal infections pose a significant global health threat, particularly among immunocompromised individuals such as cancer patients, organ transplant recipients, and those with HIV/ m, AIDS. Despite advancements, current antifungal therapies face challenges including poor solubility, limited bioavailability, side effects, and rising drug resistance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evaluation parameters used in assessing antifungal formulation, focusing on their physicochemical, microbiological, and in vivo characteristics. Key quality control parameters such as appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, rheology, and drug content uniformity are discussed alongside advance analytical technique like HPLC, FTIR, DSC, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Microbiological assays including zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and time kill studies are also examined, along with in vitro drug release testing using Franz Diffusion, Dialysis, and Dissolution methods. In vivo evaluations such as skin irritation and therapeutic efficacy tests further ensure safety and performance. Emerging technologies such as nanoparticle, liposomal, and hydrogel based delivery system are explored for improving drug stability, targeting, and patient compliance. The review emphasize the importance of comprehensive evaluation in developing effective, safe, and stable antifungal formulations, highlighting future perspectives involving AI-driven formulation design and eco-friendly materials.

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Fungal infection, antifungal medication, stability studies, drug delivery system, physicochemical evaluation, chemical analysis, liposomes, nanoparticles, in vitro and in vivo testing microbiological evaluation

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"It's a man's world"- a phrase even if problematic from the beginning, has a seed of truth to it. In the realm of achievements and discoveries mostly the result of man, do the accomplishments of women receive equal celebration oftentimes? The massive accolades received by man, the books not only of his accomplishments but of his existence, outweigh the scale by an exponentially larger number than those by women. The paper seeks to bring to the foreground a couple of such women, borrowing from the premise of Virginia Woolf's monumental text 'A Room of One's Own', in which she talks about the differentiation of the sexes. Judith, the hypothetical sister of Shakespeare, she imagines as equally capable and aspiring, but raising the question of whether she might've survived the patriarchal system of society. Would she've been just as famous as her brother? Woolf seriously doubts it herself. This observation can be extended to the Indian artistic world. The subcontinent celebrates renowned male artists such as Raja Ravi Varma and Abanindranath Tagore, names so prominent that even those distantly familiar with art history cannot escape their presence. They are rightly credited with shaping Indian art and making history in ways that would have been vastly different without them. Yet, what about their sisters? Does anyone even faintly remember their names, their artistic practices, or whether they were allowed the same creative pursuits at all? Unlike Judith, they were not fiction, but reality, real women whose existence and contributions were ignored and erased over the years.

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Indian women artists, Indian art history, feminist critique

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The Karbi tribe of Northeast India represents a unique socio-cultural system rooted in an intricate clan and sub-clan organization. These paper explores the structural composition, social function, and cultural implications of the Karbi clan and sub-clan system, specifically within the institution of marriage , governance, and traditional beliefs. It attempts to explore the enduring relevance of these indigenous institutions in maintaining identity and social cohesion amid modern influences.

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Karbi, tribe, clan system, sub-clan, Kur, kur-so, exogamy, Northeast India, indigenous ,etc.

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The emergence of 3D printing (additive manufacturing) has transformed many sectors transparently, including pharmaceuticals where it can provide a precise method for producing complex and patient-specific dosage forms. This has great promise in personalized medicine, drug delivery tailoring, and improving patient adherence. Of all 3D printing technology, for example FDM, SLA and SLS etc., each of which has its own strengths and limitations, they have gained popularity in pharmaceutical research due to their utilization benefits. FDM is particularly accessible and affordable, while SLA if known for its.and SLS are capable of complex geometries with no additional supporting structures. Materials science has developed rapidly and is still developing, particularly in terms of biocompatible polymers, nanocomposite materials, as well as biodegradable materials, thus broadening the application field of 3D printing to drug formulation and implant design [1]. However, there are processes of optimization to be followed, ways to adhere in the regulations and materials and methods routines. Both academia and regulatory agencies need to work together to create a set of safety guidelines and guidelines capable of effectively integrate this new technology in the conventional production of pharmaceuticals. Overall, 3D printing holds significant promise to transform patient-centred treatment, promote customized therapies, and advance the future of pharmaceutical innovation.

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3D printing, additive manufacturing, personalized medicine, drug delivery, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), pharmaceutical dosage forms, regulatory challenges, patient compliance.

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Pantoprazole, Levosulpiride, Method Validation.

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The jurisprudence surrounding ex parte decrees in Indian civil law reveals a complex interplay between judicial efficiency and procedural fairness. Ex parte decrees pronounced in the absence of a defendant who, despite sufficient service of summons, fails to appear--serve a pivotal function by enabling courts to avoid unnecessary delays and ensure timely justice. However, this power is far from absolute; it exists as a necessary exception to the overarching principle that every litigant must be provided an opportunity to be heard. The grant of ex parte relief, though generally valid and enforceable as any other decree, presents fundamental questions about compliance with the principles of natural justice--particularly the right to a fair hearing (audi alteram partem) and freedom from bias (nemo judex in causa sua). While expedient decision-making prevents miscarriage of justice in urgent cases or where one party adopts delaying tactics, there remains an intrinsic risk of arbitrary adjudication or denial of justice for the absent party. Recognizing this, the CPC has embedded procedural safeguards, such as mandatory proof of adequate notice, judicial scrutiny at the time of granting ex parte decrees, and avenues for challenging or setting aside such decrees on limited but substantive grounds (improper service or sufficient cause for non-appearance). Contemporary judicial practice has also evolved robust remedial frameworks, empowering defendants to contest ex parte decrees through applications under Order IX Rule 13 and appellate mechanisms, thereby reconciling the flexibility of the ex parte process with the requirement of fairness and transparency. The Indian judiciary, through landmark judgments, continually reiterates that while ex parte decrees address judicial urgency, their use must remain exceptional, proportionate, and always subject to review to prevent their misuse or abuse as tools of harassment or unfair advantage. This research explores the statutory, doctrinal, and comparative dynamics of ex parte decrees, critically examining procedural safeguards, judicial trends, and leading case law to illuminate best practices for balancing judicial efficiency with the indispensable imperatives of natural justice.

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Ex Parte Decree, Natural Justice, Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), Audi Alteram Partem, Nemo Judex in Causa Sua, Order IX Rule 6, Setting Aside Ex Parte Decree, Judicial Efficiency, Procedural Safeguards, Fair Hearing

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The complexity and frequent updates of Indian tax regulations often create challenges for young professionals in managing accurate and timely tax compliance[4]. This research presents AI-Tax Advisor, an intelligent web-based system designed to simplify tax computation and planning. Unlike prior studies that explore AI in taxation primarily from a theoretical standpoint[1][2][3], this work demonstrates a fully functional implementation that integrates rule-based reasoning, machine learning models, and human-in-the-loop validation within a Flask framework. The system automatically parses Form 16 documents, computes tax liabilities, and generates detailed PDF reports through an intuitive interface. Experimental results show that the proposed solution achieves over 90% accuracy in data extraction while reducing computation time by nearly 60% compared to manual methods. Furthermore, the advisor offers personalized insights, enabling users to achieve an average 12-15% annual tax savings. This research highlights the practical potential of AI in modernizing and democratizing personal tax management in India.

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Indian Income Tax System, Web based - AI Tax Advisor, Rule Based Logic, Personalised Tax Report

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The Indian judiciary is undergoing a transformative phase through the e-Courts Mission Mode Project, initiated under the National e-Governance Plan. The project, executed by the Department of Justice (DoJ) and the eCommittee of the Supreme Court of India, aims to digitalize and streamline court operations across all judicial levels. As of 2025, the Phase III e-Courts rollout, approved with a budgetary outlay of INR7,210 crore, introduces artificial intelligence (AI), full digitization of records, cloud infrastructure, and inclusive legal access through e-Sewa Kendra. This research examines the project's evolution, challenges, benefits, potential future risks, and policy implications for ensuring digital justice that is both inclusive and sustainable.

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e-Filing, e-Courts, Access to Justice, Judiciary, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Inclusion

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The Devadasi culture in South India is a complex and multifaceted tradition with a long and contested history. Devadasi tradition is one of the prevalent cultures followed in South India. It traced its origin to the 6th Century Kesari dynasty followed by 7th Century Chera, Chola, and Pandya's rule in Tamil Nadu. This system has its footprints in Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. Though the devadasi tradition is officially outlawed, it still casts a long shadow This paper attempts to showcase the life and transformation of a young devadasi named Yashri. Kabbyashree Dasgupta carved the life of her protagonist Yashri and other devadasi's lives in India. The argument posits that social and religious norms along with economic and social pressures contribute to this practice. This system reinforces the control of upper-caste men and their dominance by exploiting the sexuality of lower-caste and 'Dalit' women. The symbolic meaning of 'devadasis' underscores the gender and caste dynamics of control and subordination. This paper explores the psychological impact of this devadasi system through the lens of Yashri and her traumatic experiences throughout her journey. Dasgupta's depiction of Devadasi women in her novel, Devadasi in Scarlet offers a rich source for analysing these archetypal characterizations. The characters in the novel are shown not merely as victims of social structures but as bearers of complex psychological legacies, which can be interpreted through Jungian archetypes. This paper explores how the Devadasi woman encounters in society are shaped by the interplay of Jung's archetypes and the collective unconscious. By analysing the psychological depth of the characters, the study aims to shed light on the unconscious dynamics that underpin the Devadasi tradition in South India.

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Dedication, Traumas, Prostitution, Religion, collective unconscious

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Bhagandara (fistula-in-ano) is a chronic anorectal disorder included among the eight major incurable diseases (Ashtamahagada) in Ayurveda, characterized by recurrent pus discharge, induration, and chronic sinus formation. Classical texts emphasize simultaneous cleansing (Shodhana) and healing (Ropana) action in the managment of fistula in ano. Ksharsutra therapy, a medicated thread has been extensively recognized for its role in the management of chronic fistula, offering both cutting and healing action. Nyagrodhadi Taila, derived from the Nyagrodhadi group of herbs, enhances healing, reduces inflammation, and accelerates tissue regeneration. This review highlights the formulation, pharmacology, Mode of action, and intervation of Nyagrodhadi Taila with Ksharsutra therapy in the management of Bhagandara, emphasizing the role of Ksharsutra as a minimally invasive, effective, and recurrence-reducing modality in management of Bhagandara.

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Bhagandara, Ksharsutra, Nyagrodhadi Taila, Fistula-in-Ano, Shodhana, Ropana

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Commonly, in civil trials, most cases need an expert's advice to resolve the disputed issue to dispute. Where the Court pendency is in huge numbers, so many property-related disputes are in the queue waiting for justice. If the Court deems it fit, in certain matters that are beyond its jurisdiction, then it may appoint a Court Commissioner to investigate or inquire into the said matter. This kind of case can be resolved with expert knowledge in a shorter timeframe. The appointed Commissioner should be independent, impartial and disinterested in the suit and the parties involved. Section 75 of the Code of Civil Procedure primarily addresses the commissions issued by the Courts. In some circumstances, other than the High Court for an examination of any person may be issued to any Court situated in a state. Before issuing any commission under this order (order XXVI of the Code of Civil Procedure), the Court may order such sum, if any, as it thinks reasonable for the expenses of the commission to be, within a time to be fixed, paid into Court by the party at whose instance or for whose benefit the commission is issued. To reduce the burden on the Courts, this kind of commission plays the most crucial role. Reports of the commission are very helpful during Court trials; they can also help in verdicts given by the Court, but the decision of the Court is final. The investigation report of the Court Commissioner will be used for reference purposes only while delivering a verdict on the said matter.

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1. High Court 2. Commissioner 3. Order 4. Investigation 5. Proceedings 6. Reports

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Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a debilitating mental health condition characterized by intense mood swings, encompassing manic highs and depressive lows. While conventional treatments combine psychotherapy and medication, the exploration of complementary therapies, particularly yoga, has gained prominence." This study, guided by a scarcity of empirical evidence, aims to rigorously evaluate the potential benefits and risks of yoga for individuals with BD Through a focus on self-identified yoga practitioners diagnosed with BD, we seek to gain insight into their experiences and understand the effects of yoga on this condition.

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Yoga, Bipolar disorder, Mood swings

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This study presents a comprehensive anatomical analysis of Ustrasana and Camel Pose, emphasizing its biomechanics and physiological effects. Ustrasana is a significant Asana within the framework of Gheranda Samhita and is recognized for its ability to promote physical and mental well-being. This study aimed to explore the anatomical structures engaged during the execution of Ustrasana and to mitigate injury risks by enhancing our understanding of its biomechanics. Detailed descriptions of the execution of the pose, joint actions, and engaged muscle groups are provided, underscoring the impact of the pose on spinal alignment, flexibility, and strength. Furthermore, Ustrasana has been shown to stimulate vital organs, enhance respiratory function, and activate Chakras, thereby contributing to overall physical and emotional health. These findings indicate that Ustrasana is particularly beneficial for counteracting the effects of modern sedentary lifestyles and musculoskeletal disorders. The research concludes with recommendations for safe practice and modifications for individuals with specific health concerns, highlighting Ustrasana's role in fostering a balanced mind-body connection and promoting holistic health.

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Anatomy, Asana, Ayurveda, Ustrasana

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Abstract The rapid expansion of financial technology (FinTech) has reshaped the global financial ecosystem by redefining access, efficiency, and risk dynamics within the banking sector. This study investigates the impact of FinTech innovation on financial inclusion and banking stability, focusing on how digital financial services, mobile banking, and alternative lending platforms influence both access to finance and systemic resilience. Using a panel dataset of developing and emerging economies from 2010 to 2024, the research employs dynamic panel regression and structural equation modeling to capture both direct and mediating effects. The findings reveal that FinTech adoption significantly enhances financial inclusion by lowering transaction costs, expanding credit access, and improving service delivery in underserved regions. However, excessive reliance on technology-driven financial intermediation may expose the banking sector to new forms of operational and cyber risks, thereby influencing stability. The results suggest a non-linear relationship where moderate levels of FinTech development promote stability through financial deepening, while excessive innovation without robust regulatory frameworks may heighten systemic vulnerabilities. Policy implications emphasize the need for adaptive regulation, cross-sector collaboration, and investment in digital infrastructure to balance innovation with prudential oversight. This research contributes to the growing literature on digital finance by providing empirical evidence and policy insights for sustainable FinTech-driven financial ecosystems.

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Keywords FinTech; Financial Inclusion; Banking Stability; Digital Finance; Financial Innovation; Emerging Economies; Mobile Banking; Financial Development

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This study's primary goal was to replace dangerous synthetic ingredients in anti-dandruff shampoo formulations with safe natural ones. Dandruff can only be adequately treated and controlled; it cannot be totally eradicated. A shampoo is a preparation that contains surfactant in a suitable liquid, solid, or powder form. When used as directed, it will remove skin debris, surface oil, and grime from the hair shaft and scalp without causing any negative effects to the user. Herbal-based substances such as Bringraj Extract, Hibicus Extract, Reetha Extract, Tulsi Extract, Amla Extract, Neem Extract, and other ingredients for base shampoo were used to make herbal anti-dandruff shampoos. Visual inspection, pH, viscosity, percentage of particles, skin irritation test, and other assessment parameters were applied to the shampoo formulations.

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Natural Herbs, Herbal Shampoo

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Plant extracts may be used to create nano based gel in an environmentally friendly manner. In addition to being more ecologically friendly, these techniques enhance the generated nanogel functional capabilities and biocompatibility. Herbs have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years, providing a good substitute or addition to traditional pharmaceutical drugs. Because of their large and complex content of biocompounds with various redox capabilities, which create a dynamic reaction environment for nanogel synthesis, plants with medicinal or traditional herbal uses are good candidates to be employed to produce nanogel. The properties of the nano based gel are significantly impacted by other synthesis parameters, including temperature, time synthesis, pH, and salt precursor concentration. The creation of nanoparticles, gel preparation, and nanogel characterization are some of the phases in the formulation and assessment process. On the global market, there is an increasing need for herbal formulations.

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Nano based gel, Herbs.

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Abstract Tagetes erecta is a crude drug known for its medicinal qualities. Enormous amounts of by products are synthesized in the medicinal usage of T. erecta flowers, including leaves that shall be used to develop novel eco-friendly phenolic extracts with extended value for the Pharma industry. To increase the phenol content in the leaf extracts, this study used a Box-Behnken design with Response Surface Methodology, considering three extraction methods (Soxhlet distillation, heat, and vacuum-assisted extraction), three cropping practices (without fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, and vermicompost), and three phenological stages (plants without buds, with buds, and in flower). Prodrugs from plants fertilized with vermicompost (Eisenia foetida, 10 t ha-1), collected during the blossoming stage and extracted via Soxhlet distillation, exhibited the highest phenol content (25.66 mg GAE/g). Further chemical characterization of the optimized extract (UV-Vis, UV-fluorescence, FTIR, GC-MS,HPLC)confirmedtheoccurrenceof polyphenols in the extract, including quercetin, chlorogenic, gallic, p-coumaric, 3-hydroxycinnamic, and caffeic acids. This underscores the significance of T. erecta leaf residues as a valuable source of bioactive molecules,associating the importance of integrating herbal practices and pharmaceutical extraction methods to enhance the phenolic content in leaf extracts from this species.

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Tagetes erecta, phenolic compounds; residues; optimization; FTIR,extraction, Quercetagetin.

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Gels are transparent to opaque semisolid containing gelling agent that merges or entangles to form a three-dimensional colloidal network structure. It is responsible for a gel resistance to deformation and its visco-elastic properties. Gels have better potential as a vehicle to administer drug topically in comparison to ointments because they are non-sticky, require low energy during formulation. Herbal Anti-microbial gel containing Propolis was successfully formulated and characterized. Firstly the Propolis extract was obtained by Soxhlet extraction. Herbal antimicrobial gel were formulated using carbopol-934 as gelling agent is used as preservative. Using Propolis extracts three formulations were formulated based on different formula and concentration. All these formulation were evaluated for visual appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, Homogeneity, Washability was determined for prepared anti-microbial gel. Propolis is a resinous substance that honey bees gather from a variety of plants. 1. INTRODUCTION

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FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GEL USING HONEY BEE PROPOLIS

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This paper presents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural settings. This study explores the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to create a dynamic, data-driven irrigation management system. The proposed system utilizes a network of soil moisture sensors, weather stations, and crop-specific data to continuously monitor field conditions. AI algorithms process this real-time data to generate precise irrigation schedules and recommendations, adapting to changing environmental factors and crop water requirements. The paper focuses the system architecture, sensor deployment strategies, and machine learning models employed for decision support. This research contributes to sustainable agriculture practices by offering a scalable solution for efficient water management in farming, addressing the critical challenge of water scarcity in agricultural production.

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Water conservarion, Smart Irrigation, Farming. IoT, Artificial Intelligence

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