Volume 13 | Issue 10

 Abstract

The current study focused on understanding the relationship between Daily Spiritual Experiences and Forgiveness among emerging adults. The study also aimed to analyze the extent of influence of Daily Spiritual Experiences in determining Forgiveness among emerging adults. The Convenience sampling method was employed to collect a sample of 200 participants among males and females between the age group of 18 and 25 years. Daily Spiritual Experiences was measured using the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (Underwood, 2011), and Forgiveness was measured using the Bolton's Forgiveness Scale (Amanze & Carson, 2021). The data for the study was assessed using Pearson Product Moment correlation, and Multiple Linear Regression through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 25.0). The results portrayed that there was a significant positive correlation between Daily Spiritual Experiences and Forgiveness among emerging adults. It also demonstrated a positive influence of Daily Spiritual Experiences on Forgiveness among the chosen sample.

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Spirituality, Daily Spiritual Experiences, Forgiveness, Emerging Adults

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Through her own gaze, a woman emerges not as a fragment of another, but as a complete creation in herself. Yet, throughout history, she has been cast primarily as a muse in artistic creation, her presence reduced to an object that adds lavanya (grace) or beauty to a painting. This perspective, shaped largely by the male gaze, disregards her inner realities, what she thinks, feels, and endures each day. As Neera Desai and Usha Thakkar note in their book, 'Women in Indian Society', when men are asked what their wives do, the common response is "nothing." Such a dismissal reflects how even visible labor remains unrecognized, let alone the invisible layers of emotion women conceal in order to meet societal expectations. Society has long written women into narrow scripts, casting them as caregivers, keepers of hearth and home, and arbiters of others' needs, while their own inner landscapes remain largely unread. The joys, fears, longings, and silences of women are rarely recorded, except in fragments glimpsed through the eyes of others. It is only when women themselves take up the pen, brush, or voice that these worlds fully emerge, vibrant and unmediated. This study seeks to disturb the authority of male-centred narratives, where "man," "him," and "his" masquerade as the universal, and to place "her" at the centre of discourse. This paper turns to the work of Amrita Sher-Gil, whose paintings capture women not as silent muses or icons, but as subjects in their own right, embodying moods, emotions, and truths that continue to resonate today. It aims to reclaim the unspoken, to give form to the silenced emotions and lived experiences of women, insisting that their stories, feelings, and perceptions are not peripheral annotations but vital, dynamic, and indispensable threads in the tapestry of human understanding.

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Feminine Subjectivity, Patriarchy, Artistic Representation, Lived Experiences

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This paper presents a detailed study on the behaviour of idempotent elements in the structural framework of stable and pseudo-stable near-rings. Idempotent elements play a central role in the decomposition and organization of algebraic systems, and their influence on the formation of ideals provides valuable insight into the internal properties of near-rings. The study of stability conditions within algebraic systems has been a central theme in understanding their internal symmetries and operational consistency. In this paper, we investigate stable and pseudo-stable properties in the context of near ring substructures. A near ring, being a generalization of a ring without the requirement of full distributivity or commutativity, provides a rich framework to analyze weaker forms of algebraic regularity. We define and explore the conditions under which substructures such as ideals, subnear-rings, and quasi-ideals exhibit stability under homomorphic images, endomorphisms, and composition mappings. The concept of pseudo-stability is introduced as a relaxed form of stability, wherein closure properties hold under specific mappings or restricted operations rather than universally. Comparative results between stable and pseudo-stable substructures are established, highlighting their interrelationships and dependencies on the structural constraints of the parent near ring. Illustrative examples and counterexamples are provided to demonstrate distinct behaviours within different classes of near rings. These findings contribute to the deeper understanding of near ring theory and open pathways for further exploration in algebraic systems exhibiting partial distributivity.

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Idempotents, central, decomposition, ideals, distributivity, Commutativity, sub near rings, homomorphism.

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Highway maintenance is crucial within transportation infrastructure because it directly affects the efficiency and safety of transit systems. Well-maintained highways reduce traffic, lower accident risks, and boost economic growth by ensuring the smooth transport of goods and people. As transportation needs change, using advanced maintenance strategies, like road maintenance outsourcing, has become vital for road authorities. These strategies help optimize resource allocation and improve service delivery. While these strategies offer potential benefits, research shows conflicting views on their actual effectiveness. Because of this, a full evaluation of how they're put into action is needed. Additionally, keeping up with highway maintenance is key as technology and traveler expectations change. An interactive and personalized approach can really improve the user experience and make travel decisions easier.

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Selaing and Stitching

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Background: Menopause marks the permanent cessation of menstruation and the end of a woman's reproductive capacity. It is a natural biological process, often accompanied by a variety of physical, psychological, and urogenital symptoms due to hormonal changes. Objective: This study aims to assess the quality of life of Indian postmenopausal women and compare their menopausal symptoms with those reported in other countries. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 398 women aged 45-55 years in urban and rural areas of Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh. Data were collected using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), which evaluates 11 common menopausal symptoms categorized into somatic, psychological, and urogenital domains. The MRS was translated into the local language for better understanding. Results: The most prevalent symptoms reported were muscle and joint discomfort (79.8%), depressive mood (70%), anxiety (69.4%), hot flushes (68.7%), and sleep disturbances (65.7%). Psychological symptoms were found to be the most severe, with 52.3% of women experiencing them at a high level and 11.6% at a very high level. Somatic complaints were predominantly moderate (43.7%), while urogenital symptoms were mostly low to moderate (41.0% and 36.6% respectively). Conclusion: The findings highlight that psychological symptoms are the most distressing among postmenopausal Indian women, requiring urgent attention. Somatic and urogenital symptoms, while common, are generally moderate. A comprehensive management approach focusing on mental health, physical wellness, and reproductive health education is recommended.

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Menopause, Menopause Rating Scale, Psychological Symptoms, Somatic Complaints, Urogenital Symptoms, Quality of Life, Postmenopausal Women, India.

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Urban flooding and groundwater depletion represent critical challenges in rapidly urbanizing regions Globally. Urban flooding is primarily driven by unplanned urban expansion, loss of natural water bodies and Green spaces, inadequate and outdated drainage infrastructure, high population density, poor solid waste management, and the effects of climate change, including increased rainfall intensity and altered rainfall Patterns. These factors collectively enhance surface runoff and overwhelm existing drainage systems, exacerbating flood events. Groundwater depletion results chiefly from over-extraction due to increased demand for industrial, domestic, and agricultural use, inefficient water management, contamination, and reduced natural recharge caused by impervious urban surfaces and deforestation. This imbalance between ground water withdrawal and recharge threatens sustainable urban water security. Addressing these intertwined issues demands innovative and integrated solutions like permeable pavements, effective storm water management, urban green infrastructure, and groundwater recharge strategies, aligning with sustainability and climate resilience goals.

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Rainwater Harvesting, Hexagonal Road Tiles, Storm water Management, Urban Drainage Systems, Sustainable Pavement Design, Water Filtration.

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This study investigates the impact of mindfulness practices on stress reduction, emotional regulation, and life satisfaction. Mindfulness, defined as present-moment non-judgmental awareness, has been shown to foster adaptive coping, reduce psychological distress, and enhance well-being. Using a cross-sectional design, a sample of 250 young adults was assessed with validated scales measuring mindfulness, perceived stress, emotional regulation, and life satisfaction. Correlational and regression analyses revealed that mindfulness is negatively associated with stress and positively associated with both emotional regulation and life satisfaction. Moreover, emotional regulation partially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and life satisfaction. These findings highlight the role of mindfulness-based practices in promoting resilience and overall life satisfaction.

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mindfulness, perceived stress, emotional regulation, and life satisfaction, cross-sectional design, Correlational and regression analyses and foster

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This study investigates the impact of digital marketing strategies on consumer purchase intentions in the Indian e-commerce retail sector. With the rapid expansion of online shopping platforms and increasing internet penetration, understanding the factors that drive consumer behavior has become crucial for businesses seeking competitive advantage. The research examines key variables including discount promotions, social media engagement, brand trust, customer satisfaction, and personalized marketing on purchase decisions. Using a descriptive research methodology, primary data was collected through structured questionnaires from 150 respondents across major Indian cities who actively engage in online shopping. Statistical analysis was performed using correlation and regression techniques to examine the relationships between independent variables and purchase intentions. The findings reveal that discount strategies and social media marketing significantly influence purchase intentions, while brand trust and customer engagement act as mediating factors in building long-term loyalty. Among all variables examined, social media engagement showed the strongest positive correlation with purchase intentions, followed by personalized marketing and discount promotions. The study provides practical insights for e-commerce businesses to optimize their digital marketing strategies and enhance customer retention in the competitive Indian market. The research contributes to existing literature by examining the Indian market context specifically and offers actionable recommendations for businesses operating in emerging digital economies.

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- Digital Marketing, E-commerce, Purchase Intentions, Consumer Behavior, Discount Promotions, Social Media Marketing, Brand Trust, Customer Engagement

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The presence of a child with an intellectual disability necessitates considerable adjustment on the part of parents and other family members. While some families demonstrate greater resilience in adapting to this reality, others encounter significant challenges. This study investigates and compares the needs of parents--both mothers and fathers--raising children with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities. Conducted at the State Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research (SIRTAR), Rohtak, Haryana, the research employs a purposive sampling method involving 24 parents of children aged 5 to 25 years, categorized by IQ levels (mild: 50-70; moderate: 35-50). Using the NIMH Family Needs Schedule and an interview-based approach, the study explores parental needs across cognitive, material, social, and emotional domains. Findings reveal that mothers consistently reported higher needs than fathers, particularly in areas related to child management and emotional support, while fathers expressed greater needs for vocational planning and access to government services. The study underscores the importance of early, individualized, and family-centered interventions that address both child-specific and broader familial needs. It concludes that assessing and responding to parental needs from the family's perspective is critical to improving developmental outcomes and enhancing parental capacity.

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Intellectual disability, parental needs, family support

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Breast engorgement refers to the painful swelling and firmness of the breasts that commonly occurs when they become overly full of milk, blood, and fluid. It often happens in the early postpartum period, typically 3-5 days after delivery, but can also occur later if feeding or milk expression is delayed. A descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the postnatal mother's knowledge concerning breast engorgement and its intervention in a selected hospital of Moodbidri Taluk, with the aim to create an information booklet. The study utilized a descriptive design and included postnatal mothers as samples. The results indicated that 45% of the mothers had poor knowledge, 50% had average knowledge, and only 5% had good knowledge. The mean score of knowledge was 40.63% and the standard deviation was 3.611. Among demographic variables, 32.5% of mothers were aged between 22-25 years group, 65% were joint families, 47.5% were Muslim religion, and 72.5% had a vaginal delivery. Additionally, 52.5% of the study participants were multiparous. The results of the study show the enhanced awareness and education strategies are required to bridge the knowledge gap. Preparation of an information booklet can be useful tool to educate postnatal mothers on identification, management, and prevention of breast engorgement. The research highlights the need for organized postnatal education to improve maternal health and breastfeeding outcomes.

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Postnatal Mothers, Breast engorgement, Knowledge, Health education, Information guidesheet

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Digital literacy encompasses and navigates technological information across the nation. It has evaluated the critical world with 21st century skills such as communication and use of online digital tools. It ensures safety for cybersecurity which is an enhanced data threat issue. Adapting to technologies makes creation of digital tools for content creation. There have been continuous collaboration and engagement of people through different mediums of communication that have embarked upon usage of digital platforms. This paper examines the critical role of digital literacy as a core 21st century skill essential for success in education, work and civic engagement. The paradigm shift to knowledge connects society to conceptualize literacy moving beyond technical proficiency. This develops sociological and ethical competencies across the globe. The definition of multifaceted digital literacy includes information and data literacy, communication among people, online content creation, safety and protection of data and digital citizenship. The digital competence adopts to rapid technological change. Also, there have implications to which digital literacy skills have perpetuated digital divide limiting economic development. Therefore, the need for digital literacy has been overcome by transforming changes and developmental strategies. It also improves the ability to how to use digital technology, how to collaborate with teachers and peers and how to engage with communities. Digital literacy equips young people from online to virtual communication initiating technological skills. By actively participating workshops, individuals acquire valuable skills to move ahead with the digital era. The schools and universities have equipped integration of digital literacy in curriculum. Hence, it is an opportunity for students to develop their skills through their academic studies. The importance of digital literacy empowers people to be vigilant enhancing the use of technology. The analysis of practical implications for educational policy ensures students to thrive digital landscape of the 21st century giving them ability to have essential technological knowledge.

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Digital Literacy, 21st Century Skills, Digital Citizenship, Information Literacy, Media Literacy

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Parenting style plays a crucial role in shaping young adults' emotional and behavioural development. It affects both how attachment patterns form and how aggression is expressed. This study examined how parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive), attachment styles (secure, avoidant, dismissive, anxious, and ambivalent), and aggression (physical, verbal, anger, and hostility) relate among young adult males and females aged 18-25. Data were collected from a sample of 100 participants. Tools were used: the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), the Attachment Style Questionnaire (APQ-SF), and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Results from Pearson correlation analysis indicated several statistically significant positive relationships (p < .001). Authoritarian parenting was moderately correlated with anxious attachment (r = .451), while ambivalent attachment was positively associated with avoidant (r = .491), dismissive attachment(r = .400), and physical aggression was both moderately correlated with dismissive(r=.347) and ambivalent attachment(r = .403). Verbal aggression correlated with both dismissive attachment (r = .343) and physical aggression (r = .689) whereas, anger moderately correlated with avoidant(r=.337) and strongly correlated with physical aggression(r=0.577). Moreover, hostility showed strong associations with physical aggression (r = .760) and anger (r = .641), as well as moderate correlations with authoritarian parenting (r = .328), avoidant (r = .352), and ambivalent attachment (r = .451) and lastly, dismissive attachment is strongly correlated with avoidant attachment(r=0.534). Overall, the results suggest that insecure attachment patterns and authoritarian parenting behaviours are closely tied to increased aggression and hostility. Encouraging supportive parenting and secure attachment may help reduce aggression among young adults.

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Parenting Styles, Attachment Styles, Aggression, Insecure Attachment, Young Adults.

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The widespread existence of smart phones in the classroom has radically changed the way college students cope with work and play. This article examines the intricate interplay between the use of smart phones and academic productivity. Smart phones provide a level of access to information, learning resources, and effective communication channels unlike any other, yet they also make available enormous sources of distraction via social media, entertainment, and incessant notifications. Conversely, habitual, uncontrolled usage, especially for multitasking and while studying, is highly linked to reduced concentration, more procrastination, and poorer academic achievement. The paper concludes by noting a research gap about the efficacy of specific interventions in promoting effective smart phone habits and recommending future study into pedagogical approaches embracing technology without sacrificing intense, concentrated work.

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College Students, Smart phone Use, Productivity levels,Digital Distraction, Educational Technology.

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Mindful management, classroom efficiency, student stress, academic achievement, educational psychology, stress reduction strategies

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A detailed study on the impact of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and Magnetic Clouds (MCs) on geomagnetic activity during the 24th solar cycle, from December 2009 to December 2019, has been conducted. The collected data on CMEs associated with geomagnetic storms, defined by a Dst index less than -50 nT, has been grouped into two categories: geoeffective events and non-geoeffective events. Most of the observed CMEs are of the halo type, and they are mostly found in the western hemisphere. Halo and partial halo CMEs are likely to be the main contributors to high-intensity geomagnetic storms. A weak anti-correlation (R=0.54) was found between the speed of CMEs and the Dst index for geoeffective events. However, a stronger correlation (R=0.51) was observed between CME speed and solar wind speed, while a moderate correlation (R=0.16) was noted between the Dst index and solar wind speed. The correlation between the Dst index and the southward component of the magnetic field (Bz) was found to be weak (R=0.17). The analysis showed that intense and prolonged southward magnetic field components along with high-speed solar wind are the key factors behind geomagnetic storms. It was also noted that geomagnetic storms are only weakly influenced by the speed of CMEs.

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Coronal mass ejections; Solar Wind; Interplanetary Magnetic Field; Geomagnetic Storms.

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Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, often resulting in hemiplegia, which severely impacts upper limb function and the ability to perform daily activities. Despite advancements in stroke rehabilitation, many patients do not achieve full recovery of arm function. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of manual therapy in improving upper limb motor function in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to assess whether manual therapy, when combined with standard rehabilitation care, leads to greater improvements in upper limb motor function, muscle spasticity, and functional independence compared to standard rehabilitation care alone. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 stroke patients with hemiplegia. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (manual therapy + standard rehabilitation care) or the control group (standard rehabilitation care only). Both groups were treated over an eight-week period. Outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-treatment, and at follow-up intervals. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements across all outcome measures. However, the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements compared to the control group. Post-treatment, the manual therapy group exhibited higher mean scores in the FMA-UE (67.10 vs. 57.13), ARAT (59.07 vs. 50.23), FIM (72.07 vs. 57.90), and reduced MAS scores indicating lower spasticity (63.00 vs. 55.47), all with P<0.001. Conclusion: The findings suggest that manual therapy, in conjunction with standard rehabilitation care, significantly enhances upper limb motor function, reduces muscle spasticity, and improves functional independence in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Integrating manual therapy into rehabilitation programs can optimize recovery outcomes for this patient population.

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Stroke, Hemiplegia, Upper Limb Motor Function, Manual Therapy, Rehabilitation, Randomized Controlled Trial

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India's ancient water management systems are a complex mixture of engineering skill, ecological equilibrium, and cultural devotion. Covering various geographic and climatic regions, these systems range from stepwells (baolis), tanks, johads, kunds, canals, and rooftop rainwater harvesting structures discovered and perfected over centuries to serve the household, agricultural, and religious requirements of societies. This research examines the various dimensions of traditional Indian water systems by viewing them through the filters of indigenous engineering, socio-cultural practices, and paradigms of sustainability. The study explores the structural and functional dynamics behind these systems, shedding light on how local materials, geomorphology, and hydrology were cleverly combined into decentralised, community-led designs. The stepped geometry of Gujarat's vavs, tank cascade systems of South India, and the Northeast's bamboo drip irrigation are examples of water technologies that show incredible resilience, flexibility, and affordability attributes that are becoming increasingly pertinent in the era of contemporary water crises and climate change. In addition to their engineering importance, these systems were integral to the socio-religious life of Indian society. Water bodies tended to be associated with temples, festivals, and rituals, which strengthened stewardship through cultural norms. Such blending promoted sustainable water use practice based on collective responsibility and spiritual ethos. Over the last few decades, though, numerous traditional water systems have gone out of use or been deconstructed as a result of urbanisation, abandonment, and centralised water infrastructure development. In a multi-disciplinary analysis involving field surveys, archival work, and interviews with stakeholders, this article weighs the ecological and cultural costs of such decline. It also provides nascent examples of resurgence frequently initiated by local communities and civil society groups where traditional systems are being renewed and hybridised with contemporary technology. The results posit in favour of the revalorization of India's water heritage in modern water governance and urban planning. By reconciling ancient knowledge with modern innovation, ancient Indian water systems present replicable models for sustainable and equitable water management in the age of Anthropocene.

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Indian Water System, Sacred Water Bodies, Groundwater, Sustainability, Artificial Groundwater Recharge.

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Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) is fast revolutionizing cybersecurity and presenting new moral conundrums. This is in addition to boosting detection, response, and prediction skills. An examination of the ethical environment that exists at the junction of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity is presented in this article. Efforts are being made to provide designers, operators, and lawmakers with a governance framework and rules that are both practical and ethical. It provides a list of the fundamental ethical dilemmas, which include privacy versus security, accountability, transparency, fairness, dual use dangers, and human oversight, and it investigates the ways in which currently widespread AI cybersecurity solutions either worsen or generate these conflicts. Creating a map of the ethical conundrums that are brought about by the deployment of AI in cyber security is the objective of this project.

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AI ethics, cyber security, accountability, privacy, bias

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Technology has revolutionized education by reshaping traditional teaching practices and fostering the acquisition of 21st-century skills. This paper explores how technology integration enhances learning objectives, promotes self-directed learning, and empowers learners for success in an increasingly digital world. The accessibility of information through the internet has expanded learning opportunities beyond classroom confines, nurturing a lifelong quest for knowledge. This research highlights the comparison between traditional and modern education, the need for technology in classrooms, the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education, the benefits and limitations of technology in education, and its applications. It also examines the negative impacts and the need for digital literacy.

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: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Digital Literacy

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Cancer is still a deadly disease around the world. Right now, conventional cancer treatments and modern immunotherapies are not specifically designed to target tumors. They struggle to tell the difference between cancer cells and healthy cells, which results in many unwanted side effects. Recent developments in nanotechnology, along with our improved understanding of cancer biology and Nano-bio interactions, have led to the creation of various Nano carriers. These Nano carriers aim to boost the effectiveness of cancer drugs while lowering the side effects by targeting tumor tissue, cells, or organelles specifically. However, most Nano carriers lack hierarchical targeting ability. Their effectiveness is often reduced due to poor tumor accumulation, ineffective cellular uptake, or incorrect subcellular localization. This review discusses current and future strategies for designing cancer Nano medicines that target tumor tissue, cells, and organelles. It also highlights recent progress in hierarchical targeting technologies that can combine these three targeting stages to improve treatment results. Finally, we touch on the challenges and future possibilities for bringing cancer Nano medicines into clinical use. The major modalities of antitumor drug resistance may be grouped into at least five categories: decreased drug influx, increased drug efflux predominantly via ATP-driven extrusion pumps frequently of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily, activation of DNA repair, metabolic modification and detoxification as well as inactivation of apoptosis pathways with parallel activation of anti-apoptotic cellular defense modalities (2009). Members of the ABC superfamily including P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs/ABCC) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) function as ATP- driven drug efflux transporters, which form a unique defense against chemotherapeutics and numerous endo- and exotoxins. These pumps significantly decrease the intracellular concentration of a multitude of endogenous and exogenous cytotoxic agents which are structurally and mechanistically distinct, thereby result-ing in MDR.

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Cancer therpy , Nanomedicine, Immuno-therpy, Nanomaterial, Nanocarrier, Therapeutics,

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