Volume 13 | Issue 10

 Abstract

Face swapping has become an important area of research in computer vision. It is driven by uses in entertainment, privacy, virtual reality, and digital forensics. This review summarizes progress from ten recent studies focusing on GAN-based, diffusion-based, and hybrid models. These studies tackle issues like high fidelity, keeping identities intact, handling occlusions, pose invariance, and scalability. Early GAN-based models such as SimSwap, FaceShifter, and FaceDancer introduced new techniques like identity injection, adaptive embedding fusion, and occlusion-aware refinement. These methods aim to balance transferring the source identity with preserving target attributes. High-resolution techniques like MegaFS used hierarchical latent encoding and StyleGAN2 synthesis for megapixel swaps. In contrast, low-resolution and occlusion-focused methods applied cross-resolution contrastive learning and special inpainting pipelines. Diffusion-based techniques, including DiffSwap, DiffFace, and unified inpainting frameworks, have improved stability, control, and image realism. They achieved this through identity guided sampling, 3D-aware masking, and CLIP feature disentanglement. Together, these advancements show significant development in creating realistic, high-resolution, and attribute-consistent swapped faces. However, there are still challenges with extreme pose variation, detailed preservation, and real-time efficiency. This review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches and suggests future research directions for creating reliable, ethical, and controllable face swapping systems.

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 Keywords

Face swapping, identity preservation, attribute preservation, generative adversarial networks (GANs), diffusion models, high-fidelity synthesis, occlusion handling, pose invariance, hierarchical latent encoding, 3D-aware masking, inpainting, high-resolution image synthesis, real-time processing, controllable face editing.

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Personalized medicine is causing a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical technology by moving drug development away from the traditional "one-size-fits-all" approach and toward therapies tailored to each patient's specific needs. Advances in genomics, molecular diagnostics, and digital health have enabled the identification of genetic variants, biomarkers, and disease pathways that impact the safety and effectiveness of medications. By applying these insights to pharmaceutical technology, researchers can develop new biopharmaceuticals, companion diagnostics, and targeted drug delivery systems that maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. To make customized medicine a reality, pharmaceutical innovation is crucial. Site-specific release is made possible by nanotechnology-based delivery systems, and RNA-based therapies and monoclonal antibodies are excellent illustrations of the precision that can be attained with modern drug development. Artificial intelligence and machine learning enhance predictive modeling, enable adaptive clinical trial designs, and expedite drug repurposing to reduce expenses and development delays. Therapy paradigms in neurology, cardiology, cancer, and rare diseases are already being altered by personalized approaches. Despite its potential, personalized medicine faces challenges. Expensive costs, intricate regulations, and unequal access limit adoption. The use of genetic data still raises ethical and privacy concerns. Additionally, healthcare systems need to adapt to incorporate advanced diagnostics, personalized treatment plans, and real-time patient monitoring into clinical procedures. The convergence of digital health, genetics, bioinformatics, and pharmaceutical technology will create unprecedented opportunities in the future. The management of diseases could be drastically changed by gene editing technologies like CRISPR, immunotherapies, and personalized vaccinations. Collaboration between academic institutions, industry, and regulatory agencies will be necessary to fully realize the transformative potential of personalized medicine and ensure equitable access and improved outcomes for a range of patient populations.

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Personalized medicine, pharmaceutical technology, drug development, pharmacogenomics, nanomedicine, individualized therapy, biomarkers.

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A study to evaluate the influence of comprehensive pre-operative nursing interventions on post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery at a selected hospital.

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Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiac Surgery

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The forecasting of stock market trends has advanced with a sequence of paradigms from statistical schemes, machine learning algorithms, and deep learning architectures; nevertheless, issues remain with the effective representation of seasonal patterns and external influences. This research examines the ways in which current schemes handle cycles of a periodic kind--directly with the help of decomposition or indirectly with the use of deep architectures--and the importance of external factors like sentiment analysis, macroeconomic indicators, and time-based indicators. The notable finding is the disconnected form of these schemes, wherein the seasonal factors and external influences are often examined independently. The discussion integrates these findings and highlights the need for unified schemes wherein seasonality-aware modeling may combine with nonlinear learning schemes and structured external inputs. As a next step, a seasonal-aware framework with external integration is outlined.

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Stock market prediction, Seasonality, Time series forecasting, Exogenous features, Sentiment analysis, Deep learning.

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Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is an essential micronutrient pivotal for red blood cell formation, neurological function, DNA synthesis, and energy metabolism. Deficiency of this vitamin is widespread, particularly among vegetarians and vegans, and can lead to megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, neuropathy, cognitive decline, infertility, and pregnancy complications. Ayurvedic principles correlate these symptoms with conditions such as Rakta Kshaya, Manda Agni, and Dhatu Kshaya. Both impaired absorption and inadequate dietary intake are major contributors. Ayurveda offers an integrative understanding of these mechanisms through the lens of Agni (digestive fire), Ahara (diet), and Dhatu Poshana (tissue nourishment).

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Ayurvedic Insights into Vitamin B12 Deficiency: An Integrative Perspective on Absorption, Consumption, Gut Health, and Herbal Interventions

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Reproductive rights include the rights or freedom guaranteed to women in relation to reproduction and reproductive health. It is a multifaceted concept that encompasses various terms, including reproductive choice, reproductive rights, procreative liberty and reproductive justice. At its core, reproductive autonomy recognizes the significance of individuals and couple freedom to choose the number and spacing of their children. This research paper especially focus on women's liberty and autonomy in making decisions about their bodies, health and well- being. The Constitution of India acknowledges these rights as fundamental rights. These rights are crucial for ensuring that individuals, particularly women, have control over their reproductive choices. This research paper further discusses the law changed when the Supreme Court in Suchita Srivastava & Anr. V. Chandigarh Administrator recognized the right to reproductive autonomy as fundamental right, and also discusses the recent judgement K.S Puttaswamy V UOI by the Supreme Court has given the much clarity to the jurisprudence on women's right to bodily autonomy and privacy. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2021. aimed to improve access to safe abortion in India. Protecting women's dignity, autonomy, bodily integrity and privacy. This paper will thus seek to explore the evolving jurisprudence on reproductive rights and the growing call for the liberalization of such rights, outline the concept of gender justice with reference to the role played by the Supreme Court of India to meet global legal standards of rights of women, and an analysis of the aforesaid case wherein the court dealt with the social stigma on unmarried women. The paper also seeks to delve into the philosophical discourse and ethical dilemmas women have to endure as regards their reproductive autonomy and its challenges in a multicultural society.

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Keywords: Abortion, Equality, Medical Termination, Privacy, Reproductive rights.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Online marketing has grown to be an essential part of people's daily lives over the past decade, influencing how consumers interact with brands and make purchasing decisions. This evolution has prompted businesses to focus on digital channels to connect with their target audiences more efficiently. In response, organizations are dedicating substantial resources to online marketing tools that strengthen their digital presence and broaden their audience reach. These tools encompass social media networks, search engine optimization techniques, and sophisticated data analytics aimed at gaining deeper insights into consumer behaviour and enhancing engagement. The digital transformation of markets influences not only short-term sales but also the long-term strategic direction and growth potential of a company. Adapting to this change is essential for businesses to maintain competitiveness and respond effectively to evolving consumer behaviours. This study paper explores the assertion that digital marketing strategies and techniques have an impact on the lifestyle goods that potential customers have purchased. Investigating the impact of various marketing strategies and tactics aimed at persuading consumers to buy lifestyle products presents a wealth of evidence regarding the market's movement into a digital environment. In order to get a thorough understanding of the study, information from 120 respondents was obtained. The Chi square test, a Likert scale analysis, Garratte ranking, and the F test are a few examples of data analysis procedures are used.

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Lifestyle, Lifestyle Products, Digitalization, E-Marketing, Digital Marketing, and Marketing Management.

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The present study examined the relationship between sleep quality and emotional regulation in young adults, with a focus on gender differences. A total of 50 participants (40 females and 10 males), aged between 18 and 30 years (M = 26), were recruited through community and online platforms. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), both administered in English without modifications. The survey took approximately 10-15 minutes to complete and ensured informed consent and confidentiality. Results indicated that the average sleep duration among females was 5-6 hours, while males reported 8-9 hours with additional naps. Females also showed higher rates of sleep medication use and nighttime phone activity, contributing to shorter and more disturbed sleep. Statistical analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between PSQI scores and cognitive reappraisal (r = -0.42, p < 0.01), and a positive correlation between PSQI scores and expressive suppression (r = 0.36, p < 0.05), supporting the hypothesis that poor sleep quality is associated with lower adaptive and higher maladaptive emotional regulation. Gender comparisons showed females were more vulnerable to sleep-related emotional dysregulation. The study concludes that adequate sleep plays a vital role in emotional stability and mental health among young adults, with women being particularly at risk due to lifestyle and behavioral factors. These findings highlight the need for sleep hygiene interventions and awareness programs targeting young adult populations.

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Sleep quality, Emotional regulation, Young adults, PSQI, ERQ, Gender differences

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Two renowned Indian poets, Jayanta Mahapatra and Keki N. Daruwalla, explore the subject of identity crisis in depth in their poetry. This article examines the various facets of identity crises as they are expressed in their poetic works. One of India's most prominent modern poets, Jayanta Mahapatra, examines the complexity of identity crisis in the setting of cultural, regional, and personal upheaval. His poetry capture the conflict between his Odia roots and the English language he writes in. He discusses the gap between his native tongue and the language he has adopted, frequently employing vivid imagery to express the feelings of alienation and longing that come along with the search for one's identity.Another well-known Indian poet, Keki N. Daruwalla, approaches the issue of identity crisis from a distinctive angle and frequently goes into political and historical backgrounds. His poetry are renowned for their examination of the effects of colonialism and the turbulent post-independence landscapes of India. The ambiguities of national identity are addressed in Daruwalla's writing, particularly in the wake of political turmoil and societal change. His poems expose the dark depths of a country in transition and throw light on romanticized ideas of national identity. To depict the subtleties of identity crises, both poets use complex symbolism, evocative metaphors, and lyrical language. They weave together embroidery of identity-related issues by drawing on their own experiences, historical moments, and cultural environments. Readers experience a visceral reaction to their poems as they attempt to make sense of the complex webs of identity, belonging, and relocation. The tremendous influence of identity crisis on the poetry of Jayanta Mahapatra and Keki N. Daruwalla is shown in this article. Their poetry illuminates the struggles, conflicts, and reflections that characterize the human search for self-understanding in a world that is undergoing rapid change by acting as a mirror to the complicated and constantly changing nature of identity.

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Identity, Modern, Regional, Native, Belonging, Conflict

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Moringa oleifera, Phytochemical test ,GCMS and Anti- Coagulant activity

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Sustainable entrepreneurship is vital for addressing social, economic, and environmental challenges in emerging economies. Incubation foundations have emerged as key catalysts in nurturing startups by providing resources, mentoring, and networks essential for sustainable growth. This paper explores the strategic role of incubation foundations in empowering sustainable entrepreneurship within emerging economies. Drawing from contemporary literature, empirical evidence, and theoretical frameworks, the study elucidates how incubators facilitate innovation, resource mobilization, and ecosystem development to support environmentally and socially sustainable ventures. Challenges faced by incubators in emerging regions are analyzed, followed by policy recommendations for optimizing incubation impact.

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Incubation, economies, entrepreneurship, sustainable, startups

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The novels of Jane Austen have long been celebrated for their sharp social critique, but when read through the lens of ecofeminism they reveal a deeper commentary on the dual oppression of women and the exploitation of land. In Regency England, property laws such as entailment and primogeniture reduced both women and land to commodities, controlled and circulated within patriarchal structures. Austen exposes this dynamic by showing how her heroines are positioned within these systems of possession, and how their autonomy emerges in contrast to it. Pride and Prejudice illustrate the brutal logic of entailment that disinherits the Bennet sisters, while Mansfield Park links the domestic hierarchy of women's subordination to the colonial exploitation of plantation land abroad. In Sense and Sensibility, the dispossession of the Dashwood women underscores how survival depends on male-centred inheritance, and Emma provides a rare case of female control over land, complicated by the heroine's privileged position. Across these works, gardens, walks, and natural spaces become symbolic refuges for women, representing harmony, freedom, and balance against the rigid structures of ownership. Austen's heroines may not disrupt patriarchal property laws, but they resist and negotiate them in ways that echo ecofeminist ethics of care, interdependence, and relationality. By aligning women's voices with nature, Austen critiques not only the injustices of her age but also anticipates later debates about the cultural logic that treats both women and the environment as resources to be possessed. Reading Austen ecofeministically broadens our understanding of her relevance, revealing her as a writer who subtly yet powerfully questioned the flapped politics of gender and land.

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Gender, Nature, Patriarchy, Property, Inheritance, Ecofeminism

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The rising prevalence of Locomotor system diseases is limiting social and professional activities. Sciatica, a locomotor disease, refers to the low back pain radiating to lower limb in a dermatomal distribution. The prevalence of Sciatica ranges from 1.2% to 43%. The presentation of Sciatica shows close resemblance with Gridhrasi which is one of the Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi. It starts from Kati - Prishta (pelvic region and lumbosacral) radiating to Jangha Paada (thigh, feet) with impairment of lifting the leg. In Ayurveda, Vaitarana Basti has been mentioned by Acharya Vangasena in the management of Gridhrasi. In this article, an attempt has been made to review critically the role of Ksheera Vaitarana Basti in Gridhrasi, considering its therapeutic potential, application, and efficacy, based on classical texts and contemporary research.

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Gridhrasi, Review, Sciatica, Vaitarana Basti

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The N??ma?ikka?igai, an eminent work of Tamil neethi (ethical) literature, occupies a distinctive place in the moral-philosophical discourse of classical Tamil society. Composed primarily by Vilambi N?gan?r in the venpa meter, its 106 verses encapsulate moral ideals in compact fourfold expressions, likened to a jewel strung with four gems. This study examines the conceptualization of aram (virtue) within the text, foregrounding its role as the foundation of human life and social order. Core themes--including love (anbu), family life (illvaazhkkai), charity (eegai), discipline (ozhukkam), compassion, and non-violence--are analyzed to demonstrate their ethical universality and continued applicability. The text emphasizes purity of thought, self-restraint, and communal harmony as prerequisites for meaningful existence. By situating these values within the broader trajectory of Tamil moral philosophy, this article argues that N??ma?ikka?igai not only reflects the ethical consciousness of its time but also offers enduring guidance for contemporary individual integrity and collective well-being.

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N??ma?ikka?igai, Tamil literature, ethics, virtue (aram), moral philosophy, Vilambi N?gan?r

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Chinua Achebe's seminal novel Things Fall Apart (1958) provides a profound exploration of traditional Igbo society in pre-colonial Nigeria, with a particular focus on the rigid constructs of masculinity and gender roles. This research paper examines how expectations of masculinity within Igbo culture profoundly shape the protagonist Okonkwo's character, actions, and ultimate tragic fate. Drawing on themes of strength, aggression, and patriarchal dominance, the study analyzes Okonkwo's hyper-masculine persona as a reaction to his father's perceived weakness, illustrating how societal pressures lead to his isolation, exile, and suicide. The discussion extends to the broader implications of these gender dynamics, including the subjugation of women and the clash with colonial influences that exacerbate Okonkwo's downfall. The paper employs a qualitative methodology rooted in literary criticism, incorporating feminist and postcolonial perspectives to interpret the text. Findings reveal that while Igbo masculinity emphasizes physical prowess, titles, and yam cultivation as markers of manhood, it also harbours inherent contradictions, such as the reverence for female deities like the Earth Goddess, which Okonkwo's rigid adherence ignores, leading to his demise. Suggestions for future research include comparative studies with Achebe's later works or other African literature to trace evolving gender representations. This analysis underscores the novel's critique of toxic masculinity and its enduring relevance in contemporary discussions on gender equity.

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Masculinity, Gender Roles, Igbo Culture, Okonkwo, Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Postcolonial Literature, Feminist Criticism

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A series of Cobalt(II) complexes with Schiff bases derived from triazole-containing ligands have been synthesized and investigated for their physico-chemical properties. The ligands were prepared by condensation of triazole derivatives with selected aldehydes, and their Cobalt(II) complexes were obtained by direct reaction with cobalt(II) salts. The synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy. The IR spectra confirmed coordination through the azomethine (C=N) group and the triazole nitrogen donor atoms, while the electronic spectra together with magnetic moment data indicated octahedral geometry around the cobalt(II) ion. Thermal analysis revealed good stability of the complexes with stepwise decomposition patterns. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed quasi-reversible Co(II)/Co(III) redox couples. The combined results demonstrate that triazole-based Schiff bases act as efficient chelating ligands for cobalt(II), affording stable complexes with distinctive structural and electronic features, which may find potential applications in catalysis, materials chemistry, and bio-inorganic systems.

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Triazole derivatives, Spectroscopic characterization, Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Electronic spectra (UV-Vis), Magnetic susceptibility and Chelating ligands.

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The rising academic pressure and lifestyle challenges have significantly increased stress among college students. Stress negatively affects mental health, academic performance, and overall well-being. This study investigates the role of yoga as a stress management tool, emphasizing its effectiveness in reducing stress and enhancing mental health. Sixty college students were assessed using the Tiwari Stress Assessment Questionnaire (TSAQ)before and after an eight-week yoga intervention. Results revealed a significant reduction in stress levels for both male and female students. The findings are supported by concepts from "???? ??????? : ???????????? ??????" (Tiwari,R.K. 2025), which highlight stress not only as a psychological challenge but also as an opportunity for adaptation when managed effectively.

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Yoga, Stress Management, Mental Health, College Students, Psychological Well-being, Tiwari Stress Assessment Questionnaire (TSAQ)

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An appointed court receiver, acting as a fiduciary representative of the court, is tasked with managing, protecting, and preserving disputed property during a legal dispute to safeguard the interests of all parties. Their core powers and duties include bringing and defending suits related to the property, managing its assets, collecting rents, presenting accounts to the court, and securing the property against mismanagement or damage. The appointment is a discretionary power of the court, granted when it is "just and convenient," and ensures the property's status quo is maintained until a final judgment is rendered.

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Court Receiver, Powers, Duties, Civil Procedure Code, Property Management, Litigation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition