Volume 12 | Issue 10

 Abstract

Abstract: The experiment aimed to study the effect of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) on plant height and root nodule formation in soybean plants grown in media amended with different levels of SMS, compared to a control group grown in unamended soil. The results showed a significant positive impact of SMS on both plant height and root nodule formation in soybean. Plants treated with 20 g of SMS demonstrated the greatest increase in height and root nodule development, followed by those treated with 25 g and 15 g, respectively. These findings suggest that SMS can serve as an effective amendment for enhancing plant growth.

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The present research studies detail anthelmintic activity of Drynaria quercifolia (L) J. Sm., a medicinal plant on Capra hircus (L). The present fern spp. was authenticated through taxonomic studies. Study also involved survey of endoparasites to understand prevalence of major endoparasites in different agroclimatic zones of Western Maharashtra, India. To facilitate invitro research studies, new methods have been experimentally tested and reported for indicating the efficacy of D. quercifolia (L) J. Sm., extracts on helminthes. Survey conducted for assessing prevalence of endoparasites in goat's confirmed the prevalence of endoparasites (Nematodirus spp., Trichuris spp., Eimeria spp. and Haemonchus contortus) under Western Maharashtra condition of India. H. contortus was most prominent; therefore further invitro and invivo studies were restricted to these species as representative parasites in C. hircus for studying the anthelmintic activities of D. quercifolia. The present investigation may form the basis for development of knowledge and formulation of drugs for preventing the endoparasites infection in C. hircus and can be used as a model for developing approach for livestock health improvement. Considering this usefulness of the same plant product having multipurpose medicinal values, D. quercifolia rhizome may be used as ecofriendly herbal low cost remedy available among the village people, a remedy for perennial problem of infections in C. hircus and to prevent the losses thereof. Present work also opens up paths to many more studies for further exploration, for example- the extracts to be tested against spectrum of vectors and pathogens, active compounds to be isolated which will lead this research in finding active drug molecules.

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plant D. quercifolia (L) J. Sm., C. hircus, Endoparasites (Nematodirus spp., Trichuris spp., Eimeria spp. and Haemonchus contortus).

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This paper gives an idea of effective techniques to be used to teach science in classes at senior Secondary levels. Observation, identification, description, experimental inquiry and theoretical justification are integral part of Science. Science induces the thirst of search of knowledge and exposing general truths. It helps to make sense to understand about the world and enables to develop technologies and improve our lives and other issues. Science encourages creativity, develops analytical thinking, scientific curiosity, improves communication skills and foster scientific literacy. It is necessary to study science to make technical advancements and progress. The role of a teacher and planning / strategy play an important role in succeeding science. By adapting various methods a teacher can achieve and help his students to gain success in Science. Proper planning, adapting appropriate teaching techniques, following proper time management, making study groups and providing motivation to his students are some steps to achieve it. The first and most important step is to plan the content of the syllabus, the format of the exams, the experiments, and any additional lectures or exercises. It is definitely desirable to use effective teaching methods in order to attain the best results in the classroom. Time management skills are necessary for lab trips, managing extra classes, covering topics in class, and finding motivation for dejected students. Study groups can be created by an effective and competent teacher to improve teaching and learning. Student levels should be represented in study groups. A successful educator is one who serves as a strong motivator. He must work on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, negative and positive motivation, rewarding success in class, and remedial socialisation for dejected kids.

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Experimental investigation, Theoretical explanation, Analytical Thinking, Scientific inquiry and curiosity, Integral Lecture Method, TEB-> SEB-> SEE model, Study groups, Negative and Positive motivation, Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation, Remedial socialization

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The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between attitudes, empathy, innovativeness, social factors, institutional factors, perceived feasibility, self-efficacy and social entrepreneurial intentions. Data for the study were collected from 700 students (350 from Namibia and 350 from India) and analysed using Pearson correlation and structure equation modelling in SPSS and Start version 4.0 software. The result of the study indicates that The study reveals a significant relationship between most items, except for innovative and attitudes, which have a weak correlation. Social factors and institutional factors have a strong correlation, except for innovation and empathy. The study also reveals that self-efficacy and empathy positively influence students' attitudes towards social entrepreneurship, while innovation negatively affects attitudes. Institutional factors and perceived feasibility have no significant impact on attitude. However, positive attitudes are less likely to be expressed due to perceived barriers like lack of resources, societal skepticism, or high risks, which can diminish intentions. There is a need for targeted interventions and support to foster a positive attitude and intention towards social entrepreneurship.

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Attitudes, Empathy, innovativeness, self-efficacy, perceived feasibility, Institutional and social factors

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a complex, inherited neurological disorder affecting peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and sensory impairments. Despite advances in conventional medicine, homeopathic approaches have gained attention for their holistic and patient-centered methodologies. This article explores the potential role of homeopathy in managing CMT, comparing it with the biomedical model. The article reviews the vitalist principles of homeopathy, specifically how they align with genetic theories such as gene expression and epigenetics. It highlights how homeopathy's concept of miasms--deep-seated imbalances--parallels epigenetic modifications seen in conventional medicine, where environmental factors trigger gene expression changes. The comparison reveals overlaps between the two models, suggesting a complementary approach to managing CMT. Furthermore, the article discusses current treatments and the role of PXT3003, a pharmacological treatment for CMT, alongside homeopathic remedies aimed at balancing the vital force. The possibility of integrating homeopathy with modern treatments presents a promising approach for improving quality of life in CMT patients

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CMT, vitalist principle, peripheral neuropathy, genetic expersion

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Human life, which is the best creation of god, has got two aspects: The biological and sociological or cultural. While the former is maintained and transmitted by food and reproduction, the latter is preserved and transmitted by education. It is again through education that he promotes his intelligence and add his knowledge with which he can move the world for good and for evil according to his wishes. Education in fact, is one of the major "life processes" of the human beings "just as there are certain indispensable vital processes of life in a biological sense. So education may be considered a vital process in a social sense. Education is indispensable to normal living, without education the individual would be unqualified for group life. Education, in its broadest sense, may be defined as a process designed to inculcate the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to enable individuals to cope effectively with their environment. Its primary purpose is to foster and promote the fullest individual self realization for all people.

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Socio-economic Status, Facilities. problems faced BBMP schools

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Kerb is an integral part of road infrastructure and performs several important functions, including providing stability to the edges of the road and providing effective drainage. Their performance can significantly influence the behaviour and service life of a road. With the more and more smart cities coming into existence the kerb stone can play a vital role in traffic management. The project deals with the development of smart kerb stone which can calculate the traffic density using sensors present on the kerb stones as well as automatically schedule the signals based on the traffic density. The smart kerb stone can also detect the pedestrians and activate the pedestrian signal for the safety of them. The proposed system is automatically night lit to show the directions to people. The proposed research work consists of development of automatic emergency vehicle lane system with hydraulically activated lane which will automatically detect the emergency vehicle in the path and activate the lane for immediate exit of the emergency vehicle from the traffic. The proposed project of smart kerb stone provides with different features for managing traffic as well as emergency vehicle detect and automatic exit system.

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Kerb, Traffic Density, Sensors, Night Light, Emergency Vehicle Detect, etc.

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In the history of American prose fiction, William Sydney Porter, popularly known as O. Henry, occupies a significant place as his stories certainly made their appearance in consequence of the prolonged and incessant cultivation of the genre. He became one of the most read authors in the world, after Mark Twain and Edgar Allan Poe, and bears the title "Master of Short Story". Some writers have called him the twentieth century Balzac and American Maupassant because of his stories with surprising endings. The objective of the paper is to examine Cabbages and Kings (1904), a novel made up of interlinked nineteen short stories set in a fictitious Central American country called the Republic of Anchuria. Its plot details the adventures and misadventures of various Latin American dictators and patriots and American consuls and outcasts. It represents one of his most sophisticated, integrated, and insightful portraits of life and thought at the turn of the century. The stories which comprise Cabbages and Kings represent some of O. Henry's most sophisticated attempts at grappling with the complex issues surrounding United States involvement in Latin America. At times supportive of American actions and rhetoric, O. Henry also questions and even mocks the nation's ability to carry out its noble intentions. Thus, in these stories, the intentions themselves become suspect and leave undecided the question of Unites States' involvement in Latin America.

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Short Story, Latin America, O. Henry, Portraits of Life, Sophisticate

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This research article examines the thematic interaction of faith, survival, and the human spirit in Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger. The novel explores the stark realities of class, corruption, and social mobility via the experiences of its protagonist, Balram Halwai, within the context of a swiftly modernizing India. As Balram faces the systemic inequalities of the Indian social hierarchy, his internal conflict embodies a wider dialogue on existential belief and perseverance. The study analyses Adiga's depiction of faith, not as conventional religious belief, but as a catalyst for human survival and aspiration. Furthermore, it examines the structural and thematic components that influence Balram's quest for independence and identity within a profoundly fragmented society. This study elucidates The White Tiger as a significant critique of the resilience of the human spirit in the face of contemporary socio-political adversities in India through a comprehensive examination of its core topics.

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Faith; Survival; Human Spirit; Class Struggle; Corruption; Aravind Adiga; The White Tiger; Social Mobility; Modern India; Identity

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The present study aims to investigate the place of affective domain in the present education system as perceived by higher secondary school students. The higher secondary school students' affective domain based on their demographic variables. The sample consists of 200 higher secondary school students in Tenkasi district. In the present study, the investigator used stratified random sampling technique. The investigator used the self made tool "Identify the perception of Affective Domain Scale" for collecting the data. The statistic techniques such as 't' test and Anova test used for data analysis. The result of the study revealed that the types, nature and locality of the school influence higher secondary school students' affective domain.

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Affective domain, higher secondary school students, present education.

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Premchand ke sahitya me wridh vimarsh

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Premchand ke sahitya me wridh vimarsh

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This experimental study investigates the Impact Of Modern Teaching Techniques on English Language Skills, utilizing a Non-Randomized Solomon Four Group Design to assess their effectiveness compared to traditional methods. The sample consisted of 200 homogeneous students, divided into four groups: two control groups (C1 and C2) receiving traditional teaching methods, and two experimental groups (E1 and E2) taught using modern techniques. Pre-tests were administered to groups E1 and C1, while all groups underwent post-testing. The study employed several assessment tools, including the Soft Skills Scale (SSS), an English Aptitude Test, and an English Language Interest Inventory, with a focus on key language components such as phonetics, tenses, grammar, and workplace etiquette. Findings revealed that the Traditional Teaching Method positively impacted Listening, Reading, and Writing Skills in the Control Group, while having no significant effect on Speaking Skills. Conversely, Modern Teaching Techniques significantly improved all aspects of English language skills--Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing--in the Experimental Group. These results highlight the effectiveness of modern teaching approaches in enhancing English language proficiency and suggest that educational institutions should consider integrating innovative methods into their curricula to foster improved language acquisition among students. The study underscores the need for ongoing research into teaching methodologies that support language learning in diverse educational contexts.

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: Experimental study, Control group, Experimental Group, English language skills, Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing.

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The wireless technology demands efficient antenna which could radiates at multiple frequencies. The 2x2 MIMO system has been developed, analyzed, designed and presented. The FR4 material has been utilized as a substrate to consider the proposed structure for cost effective industry applications. The slots are created over the top surface of the presented antenna. This will increase the current distribution and exhibits the optimum radiation. The partial ground plane is created to achieve the Ultra Wide Band (UWB) response from the presented MIMO system. When a couple of radiators are positioned nearer to each other, there is a mutual coupling effect which significantly drop down the antenna performance. To reduce this effect, isolating geometry has been engineered and united with the ground plane. The output parameters such as ECC, CCL and MEG were received and presented. The values of output parameters and reflection coefficient make the antenna suitable for WiMAX, WLAN and C band communications.

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MIMO, wireless communications, UWB antenna

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Ksharasutra is a widely used Ayurvedic technique for treating fistula-in-ano and hemorrhoids. Traditionally prepared using Snuhi ksheera, Apamarga Kshara, and Haridra, the preparation has evolved with advancements such as Guggulu and Papaya-based Ksharasutras. These innovations aim to enhance therapeutic outcomes, reduce discomfort, and provide year-round accessibility. This review discusses traditional and alternative preparation methods, their clinical efficacy, and the role of modern formulations in enhancing Ksharasutra therapy and also historical evolution of Ksharasutra, its development through centuries, multifaceted mechanisms underlying Ksharasutra's effectiveness, including mechanical strangulation, chemical cauterization, and localized drug delivery and its modern application.

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Ksharasutra, Guggulu, Fistula-in-ano, Hemorrhoids, Parasurgical, Ayurveda

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Web of Things (IoT) with profound learning (DL) is definitely developing and assumes a critical part in numerous applications, including clinical and medical care frameworks. It can assist clients in this field with getting a benefit as far as upgraded touchless verification, particularly in spreading irresistible illnesses like Covid sickness. To beat these issues, IoT-based keen control clinical validation frameworks utilizing DL models are proposed to improve the security element of clinical and medical services puts actually. This work applies IoT with DL models to perceive human appearances for verification in savvy control clinical frameworks. We use Raspberry Pi (RPi) on the grounds that it has minimal expense and goes about as the principal regulator in this framework. The subsequent step is the characterization step which should be possible utilizing a help vector machine (SVM) classifier. Just ordered face as veritable prompts open the entryway; in any case, the entryway is locked, and the framework sends a notice email to the home/clinical spot with identified face pictures and stores the recognized individual name and time data on the SQL data set.

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Face (M/F), Recognition, Bot, IoT, SQL data set, vector machine, validation, camera module.

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Abstract This paper explores the transformation of India's tax system since the early 1990s, driven by significant changes in tax policies across various countries. It evaluates the introduction of novel direct and indirect tax structures, examining their impact on revenue and fairness. The analysis also highlights the accomplishments and challenges encountered during their implementation. In conclusion, the paper underscores that, despite eight years of reform efforts, enhancing India's tax system remains a formidable task.

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Keywords: tax reform, india taxation, revenue impact

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In the subject of archaeology, especially in South Asia, Sir Alexander Cunningham (1814-1893) is considered a trailblazer by many. The foundation for the methodical investigation and conservation of old Indian legacy was established by his services. After being appointed as the first Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in 1861 and serving in that capacity until 1865, Cunningham's extensive career began. Under his direction, the ASI began systematically exploring and cataloguing India's archeological sites, laying the groundwork for an exacting standard of archaeological practice. By using exacting survey methods and creating an organized monument inventory, Cunningham's methodology helped discover and categorize a large number of sites and objects. His work was essential in locating and interpreting important Buddhist sites, such as the well-known Sarnath and Bodh Gaya, which are essential to comprehending the historical progression of Buddhism. Apart from his fieldwork, Cunningham made major contributions to the academic debate on South Asian archaeology through his scholarly publications, such as "The Ancient Geography of India" and other studies. He also pushed for the conservation of heritage places long before contemporary conservation procedures were formalized, which has contributed to their preservation and protection. This is an instructive study with an exploratory research approach. The current study examines Cunningham's contributions to the discipline of archaeology. Finally, the conclusion of this study enhance our knowledge of Cunningham's methodologies and provide valuable insights into the understanding the contribution in the field of archaeology.

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Alexander Cunningham, Archaeology, Methodology, Contribution

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In the world, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumour in women and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Around the world, the prevalence of breast cancer is steadily rising. This is why it appears vital to search for novel therapeutic approaches as well as predictive and prognostic indicators, even in the face of advancements in its identification and treatment, which translate into improved mortality rates. Depending on the molecular subtype, different treatment plans apply. Treatment for breast cancer is interdisciplinary and involves systemic therapy as well as locoregional therapy (surgery and radiation therapy). Chemotherapy, antiHER2 therapy for HER2positive disease, hormone therapy for hormone-positive disease, and, more recently, immunotherapy are examples of systemic therapies. More than 15% to 20% of all cases of breast cancer are triple negative. Because of its high invasiveness and poor responsiveness to treatment, it poses a therapeutic challenge and is hence of great study interest. Anticipated treatment approaches for breast cancer seek to tailor care to each patient and adjust the dosage and intensity of care according to the cancer's biology and early response to treatment. The article gives an overview of the literature on breast carcinoma--a disease impacting women across the world.

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Risk Factor ,Classification , Sign and Symptoms ,Diagnosis ,Treatment.

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Gentrification, characterized by the influx of affluent residents and investments into historically marginalized neighborhoods that lead to the displacement of original residents, is a pressing urban issue. The findings of this research highlight the potential of predictive modeling to inform targeted interventions and support sustainable urban development. By identifying at-risk neighborhoods, policymakers can implement measures to mitigate displacement, promote affordable housing, and preserve cultural diversity. However, challenges such as data availability, model interpretability, and ethical considerations remain significant. Predictive modeling, particularly through machine learning, offers a promising approach to understanding and anticipating gentrification trends in U.S. cities. By analyzing various data points, these models can identify key indicators associated with gentrification, allowing policymakers to develop proactive strategies My study employs a supervised learning model, specifically Logistic Regression, to predict gentrification in select U.S. cities. The model achieved an accuracy rate of 72.5%, demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying areas susceptible to gentrification. Key variables influencing the model's predictions included income levels, educational attainment, housing vacancy rates, proximity to amenities, and crime rates.

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Gentrification, Predictive Modeling, Machine Learning, Urban Planning, Policy Interventions

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Pratishay, commonly referred to as rhinitis in modern medicine, is a prevalent condition characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa. This article explores the Ayurvedic understanding of Pratishay, its etiological factors, classification, symptoms, and treatments. Ayurveda, a holistic system of medicine from India, emphasizes the balance of doshas (body energies) and the importance of lifestyle and diet in maintaining health. This paper highlights the role of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas in the manifestation of Pratishay and discusses various Ayurvedic remedies, including herbal formulations, dietary modifications, and lifestyle changes. Emphasis is placed on preventive measures and the integration of modern scientific understanding with traditional practices. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of Pratishay, facilitating a better understanding of its management through Ayurveda.

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Pratishay,rhinitis,doshas.

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