Volume 11 | Issue 10

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carburizing, carbon steel, hardness, martensite, soaking time.

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The maintenance of the rule of law, which is essential for the existence of an ordered society, depends on providing legal assistance to the poor and vulnerable. Poor uneducated guy is denied equal access to justice up until and until he receives legal assistance. The judiciary has recently shown a keen interest in offering legal aid to the disadvantaged as a step towards having the legal system serve the underprivileged and the destitute. The Indian Constitution guarantees an impartial and independent judiciary, and courts are empowered to uphold the constitution and protect peoples' rights regardless of their socioeconomic circumstances. The constitution mandates that the judiciary has a duty to defend the rights of the underprivileged as well as the rights of society as a whole since the goal of the constitution is to deliver justice for everyone and because the directive principles are an essential component of the constitution. Through its substantial judicial interventions, the judiciary has forced and directed the legislature to create the necessary laws to deliver justice to the doorsteps of the most vulnerable members of society. One illustrative example of how the Indian court has acted as the forerunner of Indian people' rights, particularly those of the poor, is public interest litigation. It inspired those with a sense of responsibility to work for the poor's justice. The Supreme Court significantly loosened the rules as a result. The Lok Adalat system has been introduced as one of the ways to give free legal assistance and swift justice at the doorsteps of the poor, in addition to public interest litigation and judicial activism, with the goal of making justice cheap and simple. The author of this post emphasises the significance of free legal assistance in a constitutional democracy like India, where a sizeable portion of the population has yet to experience the constitutional guarantees of even the most basic fundamental rights being fulfilled for them.

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Fundamental right, Legal aid, directive principles, justice

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The study of land use pattern has been significant to understand the socio-culture and economic growth dynamics. Land is a vital Natural resource on which all the human activities are depend up on it. Landuse is a man made dynamic process in which human uses land resource in to full fill their various needs. Land utilization is a process of exploiting to land use. Landuse is verymuch essential for a number of planning and management. The total study area of South Bihar is 43.09 lakh hectare out of which 24.6 lakh hectare (57.1 percent) land is Net area shown which is big proportion of total land area. Non agricultural use of land is 17.1 percent follow land 12.18 percent forest, Grazing land 12.18 percent, barren land 0.64 percent, usar and non agriculture land is 7.1 percent. Average net area shown is 57.1 percent out of 17 district in the study area in 2016-17. The study area covers 43.34 percent and 37.93 percent of the total Geographical area and population of Bihar. Planning for the Socio-culture and economic development of South Bihar region has need better systematic and scientific management and appraisal of the land resource of the region.

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Land Utilization Problems and Planning in South Bihar

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This is a poignant and impactful theme that captures the devastating consequences of child marriage and the urgent need to address it as a human rights crisis. It is also rightly cited as ‘Marriage steals childhood’ by UNICEF Executive Director. Child marriage refers to the marriage or union of a child under the age of 18, violating their rights to education, health, and freedom. The refined title emphasizes the loss of innocence that children experience when forced into early marriages, highlighting the gravity of the issue. Child marriage is not only a violation of basic human rights but also perpetuates a cycle of poverty, inequality, and gender based discrimination. It denies children their right to education, exposes them to physical and emotional harm, and restricts their personal development and opportunities for a better future. Addressing child marriage requires a comprehensive approach that involves legal reforms, community engagement, and awareness campaigns. It is crucial to work towards empowering girls, providing them with education, and fostering an environment that supports their rights and aspirations. By framing child marriage as a human rights crisis, the study prompts action and underscores the need for urgent intervention. It compels individuals, communities, governments, and organizations to recognize the severity of the issue and join forces to protect the rights and well being of children worldwide. 1 It compromises the development of girls and boys. Moreover, it often results in early pregnancy, poor health, little education and social isolation. Education is a powerful tool in preventing child marriage. By improving access and eliminating gender disparities in education, we can reduce the likelihood of girls marrying at a young age. Every child deserves the chance to reach their full potential. Let’s create a society that supports all children to say ‘Yes’ to education and to say big 'No' to child marriage, emphasizing these messages during awareness campaigns to raise awareness about the violation of human rights. Now is the critical moment to prioritize girls education, raise community awareness, and safeguard children from the scourge of child marriage. Let us ensure that children can embrace their childhood and envision a society where no girl falls victim to any form of abuse, particularly child marriage. Let us grant children the freedom to live their lives to the fullest. Several studies found that the practice of child marriage to be the worst and in need of urgent attention in order to meet the country’s development goals.There are reasons cited by several studies that few people does not have enough awareness of the consequences of child marriage and there is also a big need to invest more in child rights, child development, girls education and girls empowerment. Moreover, due to lack of social awareness, some parents and community people remain unaware of the adverse effect of child marriage. Overall, this study encapsulates the gravity of child marriage and calls for collective efforts to end this harmful practice, ensuring that every child can grow up free, safe, and empowered to fulfil their potential.Hence an attempt is taken to analyze scientifically about a study on child marriage, a violation of human rights among women in rural community and strategies to end the practice.

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Child marriage, Stolen Innocence, Combating Child Marriage, Human Rights Crisis, Collective efforts

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ABSTRACT Biomedical waste arising during the corona pandemic stands as a challenge to the whole world .The covid 19 outbreak has left its impact on the health, environment, social and economic sectors .The absence of a strategy for disposing of covid 19 related biomedical wastes is still a threat. Improper practices such as dumping of pandemic biomedical waste in municipal dustbins, water bodies ,open spaces etc. leads to the spread of diseases .The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) had in March 2020 issued specific guideline (revised in July 2020)for handling, treatment and disposal of such waste at healthcare facilities ,quarantine centers ,homes, sample collection centers, laboratories, urban local bodies and CBWTFs. CPCB also released Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in February 2021for disposal of pandemic waste through incineration in common hazardous waste treatment storage and disposal facilities. Present study illustrates the practice of biomedical waste disposal responding to the novel corona virus.

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KEY WORDS: Biomedical waste, Management, Corona Pandemic

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Agriculture is the economic backbone of any nation. The leftovers of these crops can have capabilities to produce energy and also partially satisfy energy demands. India is noted for being the world's largest producer and consumer of pigeon peas. Pyrolysis is a possible method for turning trash into renewable charcoal and biofuels in the current situation. To evaluate the potential for pyrolysis of the Pigeon Pea Stalk (PPS) (Cajanus Cajan) and its physicochemical parameters were considered. The current review provides a comparison of the physicochemical characteristics of PPS and others biomass in term of proximate and ultimate analyses, lignocellulosic content and thermogravimetric analyzer, which will aid researchers in selecting the most appropriate biomass for pyrolysis process.

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Pigeon pea stalk, TGA, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis

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This article examines the accessibility of private rental housing in Addis Ababa for government personnel. The primary focus of this study is to examine the extent to which public sector employees can obtain a private rental apartment and the factors affecting accessibility. The study used a cross-sectional survey methodology and a cross-sectional triangulation research strategy to reach this conclusion. We collected quantitative data from 422 respondents using a questionnaire. Quantitative data were coded and analyzed using factor analysis in the PLS-SEM model. We analyze the constructs that affect the accessibility of private rental housing in Addis Ababa for public sector personnel. We divided the accessibility data into LSNA (Neighborhood Accessibility of the Housing Unit) and LSSE (Safety and Social Environment). All independent variable constructs were significantly related to accessibility as determined by factor analysis. This study's finding contributes to a broader society, as our research shows that renting offers more flexibility for those with uncertain future housing needs.

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Private Rental Housing, Accessibility, Public Sector Employees, Neighborhood Accessibility of the Housing Unit, Safety and Social Environment

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Currently, along with the development of technology, cloud computing is also developing. Today Cloud Computing has created a new record in user services, through which the user can access his data at any time and at any place, as well as access information to technology services on the basis of payment and use. Nowadays, due to the flexibility of cloud in every sector, all organizations are transferring their business to cloud, as well as all service providers are building new data centers to serve their users. Along with this, it is also necessary to give that the cost of the works and proper use of the resources can also be done because if the resources are empty and they are not being used, then it is mandatory to make proper arrangements for that too. In the presented research paper, many techniques and information have been given to improve the utilization on the basis of load balancing, scheduling tasks, resource management, quality of service, and workload management. Load balancing in cloud computing allows all data centers to be protected from overloading and under loading virtual machines, which is a challenging task in cloud computing. Therefore, it is imperative for researchers and developers to design and implement a suitable load balancer for a parallel and distributed cloud computing environment. The presented research provides a state-of-the-art review of the issues and challenges associated with load balancing techniques.

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Load balancing, cloud computing, resource allocation, task scheduling, virtual machine, workload management, optimization.

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Patient safety is a growing concern and opportunity for individuals interested in enhancing health care delivery. Because of the widespread use of medications, life expectancy is rising, and the elderly and those with comorbidities require polypharmacy, raising the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). According to studies, the rate of DDIs is high in both outpatients and hospitalised patients. It is more common among the elderly, children under the age of five, and women. DDIs are also common in individuals with chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease such as heart failure and hypertension, and cancer. To reduce the risk of DDIs, physicians should collect a detailed medication history, prescribe suitable and low-dose medicines, and eventually consult with a clinical pharmacologist as a critical approach to ensure patient safety. This article examines the available facts on this issue in order to assist in selecting the proper medications and prescribing the most effective with the lowest DDIs for patient safety.

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Adverse drug reaction , Drug -drug interaction, Polypharmacy, Geriatric

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Mulk Raj Anand is an Indian novelist, a short story writer, and a critic, writer in English. He was one of the first writers who extended Punjabi and Hindustani phrases into English. In his works, he always reflects the sense of realism and sympathetic portrait of the poor in India. Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao and R.K. Narayan are frequently referred to as the ‘founding fathers’ of the Indian English novel. Anand’s works reveal his deep understanding of socio economic problems. During World War 11, he worked as a broadcaster and scriptwriter in the film division of the BBC in London. After the war, he settled down in Mumbai. Anand made his name with the novel Untouchable. The utmost influence upon Anand was of Gandhi ji, who shaped his social conscience and how his journey as a prominent writer began.

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Prominent, Reflect, Analyzing, Character, sympathetic, socio economic problems

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The cam shaft and its associated parts control the opening and closing of the two valves. The associated parts are push rods, rocker arms, valve springs and tappets. It consists of a cylindrical rod running over the length of the cylinder bank with a number of oblong lobes protruding from it, one for each valve. The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft through timing gears cams are made as integral parts of the camshaft and are designed in such a way to open and close the valves at the correct timing and to keep them open for the necessary duration. A common example is the camshaft of an automobile, which takes the rotary motion of the engine and translates it in to the reciprocating motion necessary to operate the intake and exhaust valves of the cylinders. In this work, a camshaft is designed for multi cylinder engine and 3D-model of the camshaft is created using modeling software solid works. The model created in solid works is imported in to ANSYS. After completing the element properties, meshing and constraints the loads are applied on camshaft for three different materials namely aluminum alloy, forged steel and cast iron. For that condition the results have been taken has displacement values and von miss's stresses for the static state of the camshaft. After taking the results of static analysis, the model analysis and harmonic analysis are done one by one. Finally, comparing the three different materials the best suitable material is selected for the construction of camshaft.

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Camshaft, model analysis, 3D-model and harmonic analysis

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Oil spills are a very dangerous occurrence for marine ecosystem is affected and the marine life-forms' existence gets unnecessarily threatened. Oil destroys the insulating ability of fur-bearing mammals, such as sea otters, and the water repellency of a bird's feathers, thus exposing these creatures to the harsh elements. Without the ability to repel water and insulate from the cold water, birds and mammals will die from hypothermia, as a result, it becomes important to employ various oil spill cleanup methods. In our system we may automatically detect & cleaning the oil in the sea water by using a modern technique. In this paper, we present a CNN architecture for semantically segmenting SAR images into multiple classes. The proposed CNN is specifically designed to run on remote embedded systems, which have very limited hardware capability and strict limits on power consumption. Even if the performance in terms of results accuracy does not represent a step forward compared with previous solutions, the presented CNN has the important advantage of being able to run on remote embedded systems with limited hardware resources while achieving good performance. The presented CNN is compatible with dedicated hardware accelerators available on the market due to its low memory footprint and small size. So that the amount of data that needs to be transmitted to ground and processed on ground can be substantially reduced, which will be greatly beneficial in significantly reducing the amount of time needed for identification of oil spills from SAR / real-time images and send SMS alert. And IoT devices equipped with GPS modules are deployed in strategic locations to monitor for oil spills. These devices are capable of collecting GPS location data.

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CNN architecture, SMS alert, Ecological disasters and SAR images

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Microscopic image analysis plays a significant role in initial leukemia screening and its efficient diagnostics. Since the present conventional methodologies partly rely on manual examination, which is time consuming and depends greatly on the experience of domain experts, automated leukemia detection opens up new possibilities to minimize human intervention and provide more accurate clinical information. This paper proposes a novel approach based on conventional digital image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms to automatically identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia from peripheral blood smear images. The proposed model eradicates the probability of errors in the manual process by employing deep learning techniques, namely convolutional neural networks. The model, trained on cells' images, first pre-processes the images and extracts the best features. This is followed by training the model with the optimized Dense Convolutional neural network framework (termed DCNN here) and finally predicting the type of cancer present in the cells. The model was able to reproduce all the measurements correctly while it recollected the samples exactly 94 times out of 100. The overall accuracy was recorded to be 97.2%, which is better than the conventional machine learning methods like Support Vector Machine (SVMs), Decision Trees, Random Forests, Naive Bayes, etc. This study indicates that the DCNN model's performance is close to that of the established CNN architectures with far fewer parameters and computation time tested on the retrieved dataset. Thus, the model can be used effectively as a tool for determining the type of cancer in the bone marrow. To overcome the greatest challenges in the segmentation phase, we implemented extensive pre-processing and introduced a three phase filtration algorithm to achieve the best segmentation results.

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Lymphoblastic, Convolutional Neural Network, microscopic images and Leukemia

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Meyp??u is the physical manifestation of emotions. The feelings and emotions of the experiencer are portrayed through bodily expressions. Uvakai or Love is the most important and indispensable Meyp??u of akam genre poetry, binding the other seven meyp??u-s to create a holistic homogenous platter of emotions. These different shades of emotions converge, diverge and intersperse with Uvakai meyp??u, namely Nakai, A?ukai, I?ivaral, Maru?kai, Accam, Perumitam and Veku?i. To sum up, a combination of these different meyp??u-s in relation to the most important Uvakai meyp??u, offers ample scope to be presented on stage as part of the Bharatanatyam repertoire.

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To preserve and manage the environment, ecological indicators can be used to monitor ecosystems. A chosen few species or groups of species can be used as proxies for more general trends because it is impractical to monitor every component of an ecosystem. The biological components chosen for this function are known as bioindicators. Bioindicators are creatures that are used to keep an eye on the environment's health, the presence of pollution and how it affects ecosystems, the development of environmental cleanup efforts and the testing of new substances, as well as to spot changes in the environment's natural features.

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Biodiversity; Bird population; Nanjarayan lake; Climate change; Conservation; Ecosystem.

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Keywords: Tofacitinib, UV Spectrophotometer, Melting Point, Assay Method, Validation, Accuracy, Linearity, Ruggedness, Precision.

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Abstract : The research on the chemical characterization of super heavy elements in the field of radiochemistry is fundamental and intriguing area of research. Understanding these elements can provide valuable information into the structure, properties and behavior of these elements. Transactinides (atomic no >104 are newest members of the periodic table. Recently, the seventh row of the periodic table was completed by the addition of latest addition of last artificial element oganesson (Og, Z =118). In this paper we will discuss the characteristic and properties of this heavy element.

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synthetic element,short half life

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Brain tumors are common, requiring general medical providers to have a basic understanding of their diagnosis and management. The most prevalent brain tumors are intracranial metastases from systemic cancers, meningiomas, and gliomas, specifically, glioblastoma. Central nervous system metastases may occur anywhere along the neuroaxis, and require complex multidisciplinary care with neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and medical oncology. Meningiomas are tumors of the meninges, mostly benign and often managed by surgical resection, with radiation therapy and chemotherapy reserved for high-risk or refractory disease. Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor, with a limited response to standard-of-care concurrent chemoradiation. The new classification of gliomas relies on molecular features, as well as histology, to arrive at an "integrated diagnosis" that better captures prognosis. This manuscript will review the most common brain tumors with an emphasis on their diagnosis, oncologic management, and management of medical complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are important in diminishing the morbidity and mortality rates in the latter group and in providing better palliative management in the former. Advances in neuroradiology, particularly the development of CT, have made early diagnosis possible, given clinical awareness of the syndromes of brain tumour on the part of the physician. New methods of accurate CT-controlled surgery for glioma have also been introduced. Advances in adjuvant methods of radiotherapy, with radiation sensitizers or interstitial implantation, and of chemotherapy by tailoring the drug regimen to an individual patient and by targetting agents specifically to brain tumour, are being sought while the feasibility of fresh modes of immunotherapy has been tested. These developments hold some hope that results for malignant glioma may improve in the forseeable future.

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Introduction, risk factors, pathology ,diagnosis, treatment, reasearch

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In an era characterized by the unprecedented growth of data, Python has firmly established itself as the leading programming language and toolset for data science. This abstract delves into the mutually beneficial relationship between Python programming and data science, shedding light on their central roles in unearthing valuable insights from the ever-expanding realm of data and driving innovation across diverse domains. This abstract serves as an entry point for exploring the transformative potential of Python within the dominion of data science. It emphasizes Python's role as a bridge between raw data and actionable insights, facilitating the extraction of knowledge that empowers individuals and organizations to make data-informed decisions. In an increasingly data-centric world, Python programming and data science stand as vital pillars of innovation, ushering in a new era of discovery and progress.

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Python ,Data Science,NumPy

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In the era of digital communication, social media platforms have become vital, facilitating global connectivity. However, they also confront severe challenges, such as the proliferation of hate speech and offensive content. Hate speech poses substantial risks by targeting individuals or groups based on attributes like religion, race, or gender. Addressing this issue necessitates a combination of technological, community-driven, and policy-oriented solutions. Due to the lengthy posts, it would be beneficial to identify the specific span of text containing hateful content to assist site moderators with removing hate speech. This paper investigates the application of machine learning and deep learning techniques, specifically Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks, for automating the identification of hate speech and offensive content. Using BiLSTM in conjunction with GloVe embedding's, we achieved a considerable F1-score of hate span detection, marking a significant improvement over previous methods. Our automated system represents a critical step toward a safer and more inclusive online environment. By seamlessly integrating machine learning and deep learning, it enhances our ability to detect and combat hate speech effectively. This research underscores the importance of technological advancements in addressing complex social challenges within the digital realm. While significant progress has been made, ongoing efforts in technological innovation, community engagement, and policy development are necessary to create a more respectful and harmonious online space.

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hate speech, hate span, embedding's, Bi-LSTM

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