Volume 13 | Issue 10

 Abstract

This article undertakes a critical examination of subalternity in Na D'Souza's Kannada novel Dweepa (1993; English translation 2005), focusing on the intersecting axes of displacement, gender, ecology, and silenced agency. Drawing on Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's foundational inquiry into subaltern speech, Antonio Gramsci's theorisation of the subaltern as a class excluded from historical self-representation, Rob Nixon's concept of slow violence, and the feminist political ecology of Bina Agarwal, this study argues that D'Souza constructs subalternity not as a fixed condition of victimhood but as a dynamic, contested terrain in which marginalised communities negotiate the simultaneous erasure of their land, identity, ecological knowledge, and voice. The analysis proceeds through five thematic axes: the question of subaltern speech and structural silence; the nexus of land, displacement, and cultural memory; gender and double marginalisation; ecological dispossession as an expression of subaltern condition; and the possibilities and limits of subaltern resistance. The article contends that Dweepa makes a distinctive contribution to Indian regional subaltern fiction by rendering visible the mechanisms through which development discourse silences those it ostensibly serves, and that the novel's critical and cultural circulation -- including its celebrated 2002 film adaptation directed by Girish Karnad -- demands sustained scholarly attention in English-language postcolonial studies.

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subalternity, Na D'Souza, Dweepa, Kannada literature, displacement, slow violence, feminist political ecology, ecocriticism, postcolonial studies

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The rapid rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our books and screens isn't just a technology upgrade; it's a cultural shift that is fundamentally changing how stories are told. But as we hand the pen to algorithms, we have to ask: whose stories are they actually telling? This article explores a feminist critique of AI, arguing that these systems aren't neutral observers but are deeply influenced by the patriarchal biases baked into their code.

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Rewriting Gender: A Feminist Critique of AI in Literature and Media

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Education is one of the key drivers of socio-economic development. However, the Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Jharkhand continue to be persistently disadvantaged. This paper analyses literacy rates, enrolment patterns, dropout trends and access to higher education among STs in Jharkhand using Census 2011, UDISE+ 2023-24, AISHE and PLFS 2022-23 data. The findings show that there has been significant progress in literacy, especially among women, but glaring differences among the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) where literacy is still below 30 per cent. Primary level enrollment is nearly universal but drops off dramatically at secondary and higher education levels. Dropout rates are particularly high at the upper primary and secondary levels, reflecting structural barriers such as poverty, early marriage and inadequate infrastructure. Despite affirmative action and scholarships, Jharkhand's higher education infrastructure is still underdeveloped compared to the national average. The study highlights the importance of targeted and culturally appropriate interventions to bridge the educational gap and promote inclusive development.

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Dropout, Enrolment Ratio, Gender Disparities, Higher Education

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The caste system in India represents one of the most enduring forms of social stratification, perpetuating structural inequalities and systemic exclusion across generations. This paper examines the transformative strategies of B. R. Ambedkar in his struggle against caste-based discrimination, with a focus on achieving substantive social and political equality. It argues that Ambedkar's approach was not confined to social reform alone but constituted a comprehensive framework integrating legal, political, economic, and moral dimensions. Adopting a qualitative and analytical methodology, the study draws upon primary sources, including Ambedkar's writings, speeches, and contributions to the Indian Constitution, alongside contemporary scholarly literature. The analysis highlights key elements of his strategy: the call for the annihilation of caste through radical social reform, the pursuit of political empowerment via representation and electoral safeguards, the institutionalization of equality through constitutional provisions such as fundamental rights and affirmative action, and the advocacy of economic justice to dismantle material inequalities. Furthermore, the paper explores his decision to embrace Buddhism as a form of ethical resistance to caste hierarchy. The findings suggest that Ambedkar's multidimensional strategy has had a profound and lasting impact on India's democratic and legal framework, particularly in advancing the rights of historically marginalized communities. However, the persistence of caste-based discrimination in contemporary India underscores the limitations of formal legal measures in transforming deeply embedded social practices. The paper concludes that while Ambedkar's vision remains foundational to the pursuit of equality, its full realization requires sustained socio-political commitment, institutional reform, and cultural transformation.

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Caste System, Social Justice, Political Equality, Constitutional Morality

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During the COVID-19 epidemic, the sudden shift to online instruction drastically changed teaching methods and placed additional demands on educators. It is still crucial to comprehend how educators adjusted to this change in order to guide future digital integration in the classroom. In this context, teachers' motivation and the challenges they perceive in implementing online teaching play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of digital pedagogy. The present study examined gender and teaching experience differences in elementary teachers' motivation and perceived challenges toward online teaching, as well as the relationship between these two constructs. India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes the use of technology for inclusive and high-quality education, positions teacher preparedness as a crucial factor in the digital revolution of education. In order to improve learning possibilities and equity, NEP places a strong emphasis on the creation and distribution of high-quality digital content, multilingual access, and technological infrastructure.

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Online teaching, Teacher motivation, Teaching challenges, Gender differences, Teaching experience, ICT in education.

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Corporate Social Responsibility has evolved from a voluntary ethical practice to a critical dimension of sustainable business practice. It is a pathway to long term success and not merely ethical governance. The tea industry is one of the oldest and the prominent agriculture sectors in India, where CSR plays a vital role in the development of marginalized communities. India is the second- largest producer of tea in the world. The paper highlights the need for CSR in the tea garden and an attempt has been made to highlight how the selected company has been able to implement various projects under the CSR activities, how these initiatives have not only improved the brand image but brought positive changes for the society.

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CSR, The Plantation Labour Act,1951, The Company Act,2013, Welfare activities, Social Development, Social Responsibility.

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The Monpa tribe, inhabiting the high-altitude regions of Tawang and West Kameng in Arunachal Pradesh, is distinguished by a unique cultural synthesis of Mahayana Buddhism and indigenous Himalayan traditions. This paper examines the critical, yet often under-documented, role of Monpa women in the community's politico-economic landscape. Economically, Monpa women are the primary drivers of the domestic and agrarian economy. Beyond their role in high-altitude agriculture and animal husbandry, they possess exclusive mastery over traditional weaving and the production of indigenous paper and carpets-commodities that have historically been central to trans-Himalayan trade. There control over the "granary" and household assets grants them a level of fiscal agency that is distinct among Himalayan tribes. Politically, while traditional village councils (such as that tshogpa) where historically male-dominated, Monpa women have exerted significant "informal" political influence through religious institutions and community-based organization. With the introduction of the Panchayati Raj system, there has been notable transition from informal influence to formal leadership. However, their societal status was often secondary to men, with limited access to education and political participation. Through advocacy and support, NGOs have facilitated greater political participation and leadership opportunities for Monpa women, fostering and environment of gender equality and progressive change.

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THE POLITICO-EONOMY ROLE AND ITS CAHLLENGES OF MONPA WOMEN IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH

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The collapse of the Soviet Union and the socialist systems in eastern Europe had profound consequences for world politics. It meant the end of cold war confrontations. The ideological dispute over whether the socialist system would beat the capitalist system was not an issue any more. The end of the confrontation demanded an end to a massive arms race, the existence of military blocs and accumulation of nuclear weapons.

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India and Tajikistan: A Historical Overview of Bilateral Relations

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The verification of integrated peripheral devices within System-on-Chip (SoC) designs remains a critical yet challenging task due to increasing complexity, heterogeneity, and the need for rapid development cycles. This review explores the landscape of software-based chip verification environments, focusing on modular, adaptive, and coverage-driven methodologies. By analyzing existing frameworks and proposing a hierarchical verification model, this paper highlights advances in adaptive stimulus generation and formal verification integration that significantly enhance verification efficiency and effectiveness. Experimental results demonstrate substantial improvements in verification time, bug detection rates, and coverage completeness. The review concludes by outlining future research avenues, emphasizing AI-driven test generation, cross-domain verification, and scalable architectures as vital to addressing evolving SoC challenges.

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Software-Based Verification, Integrated Peripheral Devices, System-on-Chip (SoC), Adaptive Stimulus Generation, Coverage-Driven Verification, Formal Verification, Verification Environment Architecture.

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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has emerged as a transformative force reshaping the entire landscape of library and information services in India. Over the past three decades, Indian libraries have transitioned from traditional, manual processes to advanced, ICT-driven operations that prioritize accessibility, efficiency, and user-centered service delivery. This paper provides an extensive overview of the development, applications, and impact of ICT within Indian libraries while examining the infrastructural, financial, and policy-related challenges that continue to influence adoption. It further analyses major national initiatives, digital library projects, technological innovations, and strategic collaborations that have strengthened the digital information ecosystem. The paper concludes with a forward-looking perspective on future trends including artificial intelligence, data analytics, IoT, cloud ecosystems, and capacity-building programs. The analysis reaffirms that ICT remains central to enabling inclusive, sustainable, and globally connected library services in India.

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ICT, Information Technology, Library Automation, Digital Libraries, Indian Library System, Knowledge Management, Digital Repositories, E-resources, Library Consortia, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cloud Computing, Library Networks, Digital Literacy

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Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, commonly known as water hyacinth, is a prolific aquatic plant recognized for its rapid growth and ecological impact on freshwater ecosystems. Despite its invasive nature, this species has garnered significant scientific interest due to its rich phytochemical profile. The present study investigates the chemical constituents extracted from various parts of E. crassipes, solvent extraction and chromatographic techniques. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, and sterols. Advanced spectroscopic analyses (GC-MS, FTIR, and NMR) further identified specific constituents including phenylphenalenes, flavonoids derivatives, steroids and various phenolic acids. These compounds are known for their potential biological activities. This study underscores the value of E. crassipes as a sustainable source of bioactive molecules and encourages further exploration into its pharmacological and industrial potential. In this review paper, we want to draw attention to the important developments in the phytochemical investigation and screening of the chemical constituents identified from E. crassipes till date.

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Eichhornia crassipes, Chemical Constituents, phytochemical screening, mass spectra, GC-MS

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Skin diseases are being considered as a major health problem in children, as it leadsto discomfort and significant morbidity among them. Skin diseases have been comprehended underthe heading of Kushta in Ayurveda. Dadru Kushta is common skin infestation. Dadru Kushta is being aKshudra Kushta has Kapha Pitta dominance. Skin diseases are the major reason behind social stigma and it can affect the physical, psychological and social wellbeing of the patient. Dadru is one of the Kshudra Kustha as per the Charak Samhita and it's been considered under the heading of Mahakusthaas per the reference of Sushruta Samhita. Dadru shows the features of Raga, Pidaka,and Mandala. It is having predominance of Kapha-Pitta Dosha. Though it is highly contagious skin disease as per the reference of Sushruta Samhita it can be compared with fungal infections under the heading of Tinea corporis which is extremely common dermatophyte infection In modern science the clinical manifestation of Dadru isclosely similar to local fungal infection/tinea infection which is affecting up to 15% of population.Excessive severe itching and red patches are the common clinical manifestation which can be diagnosed by Darshana and Prashana Pariksha.This is a case study of 9 year female child brought by her parents to Balroga OPD having complaints of Raga (Erythema), Kandu (Itching), Pidka (Granular surface), Utsanna Mandal (Circular elevation of skin). Patient was diagnosed with Dadru (Tinea infection) and managed by Shaman Chikitsa i.e., external application of Malhara & Arogyavardhini vati. Treatment for 21 days along with Pathya-Apathya mentioned in Ayurvedic text was followed.The patient got speedy recovery from all the symptoms of Dadru within 15 days. Classical Dadru Chikitsa mentioned in Ayurveda text is effective in the management of Tinea infection.

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Dadru Kushta, Pitta Dosha, Kapha Dosha, Balroga,Tinea infection, Ayurveda.

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Background: Pregnancy is a dynamic period marked by profound physiological, psychological, and social changes that can predispose expectant mothers--especially primigravidae--to stress and anxiety. Excessive prenatal stress adversely influences both maternal well-being and fetal outcomes. Objective: This study explores the conceptual framework and significance of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) as a non-pharmacological strategy for stress reduction during pregnancy and presents the development of Relaxed Moms, a mobile health (mHealth) application designed to deliver guided PMR sessions and mindfulness-based interventions. Methods: The conceptual model of the Relaxed Moms application integrates evidence-based psychological theories, including Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT). A randomized clinical trial is proposed involving 120 primigravid women aged 18-35 in their second trimester, divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group will use the Relaxed Moms app for 10 weeks, while the control group will receive standard antenatal care. Stress and anxiety levels will be measured using the Stress Scale on Pregnancy and the Stirling Antenatal Anxiety Scale. Data will be analyzed using the unpaired t-test. Results (Conceptual): It is anticipated that the Relaxed Moms app will significantly reduce stress and anxiety among primigravid women by integrating guided PMR, mindfulness exercises, mood tracking, and psychoeducational modules. Conclusion: The integration of PMR through digital platforms offers a scalable, evidence-based, and accessible approach to enhancing maternal mental health. The Relaxed Moms application represents an innovative pathway to bridge clinical care and emotional well-being during pregnancy.

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Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), Primigravidae, Maternal Mental Health, mHealth Applications, Pregnancy Stress, Anxiety, Relaxed Moms App

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The impact of social media and mobile addiction on mental health among students: A comparative study across gender and socioeconomic status.

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The impact of social media and mobile addiction on mental health among students: A comparative study across gender and socioeconomic status.

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Abstract Asrigdara, described in Ayurvedic classics, is a condition characterized by excessive and irregular uterine bleeding, closely correlating with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) in modern medicine. AUB, is a growing global health concern among women due to altered food habits, stressful routines, and sedentary lifestyles. In Ayurveda, Asrigdara is primarily caused by the vitiation of Vata and Pitta doshas and is included under the broad category of Yonivyapadas. Conditions like Raktayoni, Rudhirkshara, and Apraja share clinical features with DUB. Ayurvedic management emphasizes the use of Kashaya Rasa (astringent taste) and Pitta-shamaka drugs, which exhibit hemostatic (Raktasthambhaka) action. Additionally, therapies and diets that enhance Rakta Dhatu (raktavardhaka) are employed to compensate for blood loss. Among Shodhana therapies, Basti Chikitsa is considered most effective for managing Asrigdara. Modern treatment modalities include hormonal therapy, anti-fibrinolytics, and surgical interventions like hysterectomy, which may have side effects or psychological impacts. Ayurvedic interventions offer a safer, non-hormonal alternative. Clinical findings suggest that Ayurvedic therapies, especially Basti, provide sustainable relief and improve quality of life without adverse effects. This article aims to explore both classical Ayurvedic literature and modern research studies to establish safe and effective management strategies for Asrigdara.

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Keywords: Asrigdara, Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, Ayurveda, Raktapradar, Dosha Shodhana, Rakta Sthapana, Hormonal Therapy, Tranexamic Acid

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Employee attrition prediction is essential in today's corporate environment. ATTRIX aims to predict whether an employee is likely to leave an organization and also provide HR teams with clear, interpretable reasons.It further gives actionable retention strategies through a rule based recommendation engine. The system is designed to be real time, fully explainable and deployed on the cloud for HR accessibility.

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Employee Attrition Prediction, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Explainable AI, Recommendation Engine, Workforce Retention.

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अयोध्या मात्र एक नगर नहीं है। अयोध्या भूत, वर्तमान एवं भविष्य, सभी कालों में, इस धरा पर धर्म, अर्थ और राजनीति का केन्द्र है। अयोध्या जीवन है, सभ्यता है, संस्कृति है। अयोध्या हमारे दैनिक जीवन के मूल में है और इस अयोध्या को महान और सर्वश्रेष्ठ बनाते हैं प्रभु श्रीराम, जिन्होंने सरयू तट पर बसी इस अलौकिक नगरी अयोध्या में माता कौशल्या के गर्भ से जन्म लिया और तभी से यह अयोध्या, अयोध्या से अयोध्यापुरी हो गयी। पवित्र अयोध्या भूमि ने अनेक महान राजाओं को जन्म दिया है जिनमें महाराज भगीरथ हुए जिनके तप, त्याग, प्रण से माँ गंगा पृथ्वी लोक पर आयीं, सत्यवादी महाराज हरिश्चन्द्र हुए जिनके सत्य के आगे देव भी हार गये। अयोध्या जैन धर्म के पाँच तीर्थंकरों की जन्मस्थली भी है जिसमें प्रथम तीर्थंकर भगवान ऋषभदेव जी भी हैं। ऐसे अनेक महान राजाओं-महाराजाओं एवं तपस्वियों की भूमि है अयोध्या। इसी अयोध्या में महात्मा बुद्ध ने 16 वर्ष बिताये। यह अयोध्या अनेक धर्मों के सृजन की भी भूमि है।

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साकेत, कोसल, अयोध्या, सरयू, सूर्यवंशी, मंदिर, धर्म, इक्ष्वाकु, मौर्य, शुंग, गुप्त, अवध।

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Abtract Title Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Green Coffee and Chlorhexidine Gel as a Local Drug Delivery in Periodontal Pocket in Chronic Periodontitis Patients": A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Introduction Green coffee beans are the normal coffee beans that haven not been roasted and are totally raw. phenolic chemicals present in coffee beans, such as chlorogenic acids (CGA), have many favourable effects like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective properties. Green coffee beans extract are found to be active against the periodontal pathogens Materials & Methods This study was carried out in 45 systemically healthy patients with mild to moderate chronic periodontitis having minimum pocket depth of 5-7 mm .Scaling and root planing(SRP) was done. Patients were recalled after 3-4 weeks for rechecking of periodontal findings. Persistent pockets of minimum 4-6 mm were considered for the further study. Selected patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: Group A- subgingival application of green coffee gel (15 patients) Group B- subgingival application of chlorhexidine gel(CHX)(15 patients) Group C- SRP only (15 patients). In selected sites, subgingival plaque sample was collected by a sterile curette and Colony Forming Unit(CFU) was assessed. Subjects were recalled after 7 days for removal of the periodontal dressing. Reassessment of the clinical parameters like Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Sulcus Bleeding Index.(SBI),Probing Pocket Depth (PPD),Relative Attachment Level (RAL) was done at 1 and 3 month . CFU was assessed after 3 months. In between these appointments the patients were ask to maintain the oral hygiene. No other chemical plaque control measures were used during the trial period. Results All patients reported for the follow-up and showed good compliance. In the entire group the healing was uneventful, with no signs of swelling, inflammation or allergy For PI, GI, SBI, PPD on overall comparison there was highly statistical significant (p<0.001) decline in respect to change during study period in Green coffee and CHX group Conclusion The results exhibited that treating chronic periodontitis patients with subgingival delivery of green coffee gel following SRP was just as effective as treating them with subgingival delivery of chlorhexidine gel

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Green Coffee Gel , Chlorhexidine Gel , Local Drug Delivery, Chronic Periodontitis ,Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

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The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, and the Limitation Act, 1963, are two crucial legislations governing cheque bounce cases in India. This paper explores the interplay between these two Acts, focusing on the limitation period for filing complaints under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. The research aims to provide insights into the legal framework and recent judicial developments, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

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Here are some key words for the report: 1. Limitation Act 2. Negotiable Instruments Act 3. Cheque Bounce Cases 4. Section 138 5. Limitation Period 6. Complaint Filing 7. Judicial Developments 8. Financial Transactions 9. Banking Law 10. Indian Legislation You can also consider adding some long-tail keywords like: 1. "Effect of Limitation Act on Cheque Bounce Cases in India" 2. "Limitation Period for Filing Complaints under Section 138 NI Act" 3. "Negotiable Instrument

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasingly recognized as a condition whose diagnosis, treatment, and management are shaped not only by clinical factors but also by cultural stigma, gender stereotypes, and socioeconomic status contexts. The review paper demonstrates how cultural stigma can affect diagnoses, access to treatment, and long-term management of autism through taboo, misattributions, and delays in seeking care. Similarly, gender stereotypes can result in masking and unfair gender expectations. In addition, the socioeconomic status in families with autistic children is examined by means of barriers in screening, cost of care, and persistent long-term inequalities, emphasizing the need for an intersectional lens. The study finds that the intersecting factors of cultural, stereotypical, and economic contexts systematically disadvantage autistic children and individuals. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the need for a holistic perspective that considers how these factors intersect and compound one another, systematically disadvantaging autistic individuals across global contexts. Recognizing these overlapping barriers underscores the importance of developing more inclusive diagnostic tools, equitable policies, and culturally responsive support systems in future research and practice.

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Autism , Psychology

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