Volume 13 | Issue 10

 Abstract

Females constitute about 48.6% of rural population in India. Their empowerment is crucial for socioeconomic development of the country. Today, women are playing important roles in almost every sector and have left their mark in making of new India. Government of India has made significant impact in empowering rural women through economic inclusion, assuring social parity and ease of living. Role of rural women participation in workforce was estimated to be 24.8 percent and out of which 80 percent are engaged in agriculture and allied sector. Being an important demographic dividend, rural women empowerment can be an important contributor for economic reforms in achieving UN-millennium goals by 2030.

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Empowerment, sector, inclusion, participation, allied

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Rapimelt Tablet tablets are those that dissolve or disintegrate quickly in the oral cavity, resulting in solution or suspension. Almotriptan significantly reduced the number of Migraine Pain, their intensity score and their duration compared to the placebo both in MD and PPV. In the present study Rapimelt Tablet tablet for the treatment of Migraine was prepared by direct compression method using crosspovidone, Crosscarmellose and Indion 414, as superdisintegrants in a ratio of 6%, 9% and 12% respectively. FT-IR study shows that there is no significant interactions occur between drug and excipient. The tablets prepared were evaluated for various parameters like various density parameters, thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration time, wetting time and In-vitro dissolution time. All the parameters were found to be within limits. The developed formulation of Almotriptan batch F8 (9% Indion 414) showed good palatability and dispersed within 30 seconds as compared to other superdisintigrants

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Rapimelt Tablet, Almotriptan, superdisintegrants, Indion 414 and In-vitro dissolution time

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Atisara, or diarrhea, is one of the most common and potentially serious health concerns affecting infants and young children worldwide, contributing significantly to pediatric morbidity and mortality. In Ayurveda, this condition is classified under Atisara, a disorder of aggravated Doshas leading to excessive and frequent passage of liquid stools. Atisara is classified as a disease caused by derangement of agni (digestive fire), Doshas (especially vata), and improper dietary practices. In modern medicine, pediatric diarrhoea is often viral in origin but may also be caused by bacteria, parasites or food intolerance. This article reviews the Ayurvedic understanding of Atisara, its clinical features, modern correlations, and the integrated approach to its management in children.

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Atisara, Atisara, Infantile Diarrhea, Ayurveda, Grahi, Agnimandya, Pediatric Care

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Abstract: Introduction- The CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionised genome editing by enabling efficient, programmable, and cost-effective modifications of DNA across diverse organisms. Since its adaptation from bacterial adaptive immunity, CRISPR-Cas9 has rapidly transitioned from preclinical models to early human clinical trials, establishing itself as a transformative platform in modern therapeutics. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated its potential to correct disease-causing mutations, model complex pathologies, and accelerate drug discovery. Methodology- Clinical applications are already underway in blood disorders such as sickle cell disease and ?-thalassemia, where the FDA-approved therapy exagamglogene autotemcel (CASGEVY(TM)) represents the first CRISPR-based treatment. Additional trials, including EDIT-101 for Leber congenital amaurosis and NTLA-2001 for transthyretin amyloidosis, underscore its versatility across genetic and metabolic diseases. CRISPR is also being explored in oncology, infectious diseases, and rare disorders, while next-generation systems such as Cas12, Cas13, base and prime editors, and epigenome regulators are broadening its capabilities. Despite remarkable progress, challenges remain regarding off-target effects, delivery efficiency, immune responses, long-term safety, and ethical concerns, particularly in the context of germline editing. Conclusion -Advances in delivery platforms, high-fidelity nucleases, and computational tools are addressing these barriers, while integration with AI, nanotechnology, and synthetic biology promise to expand the precision and applicability of genome editing. In short, CRISPR-Cas9 is at the vanguard of genetic medicine as a tool for both study and treatment. Its clinical translation offers the unprecedented potential for one-time, curative therapies, but realising this promise will require not only technical refinement but also equitable access, global governance, and ethical responsibility.

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1)CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing 2)Therapeutic gene editing strategies 3)Clinical genome editing applications 4)Base and prime editing 5)Epigenome and transcriptome editing 6)Gene therapy delivery systems 7)Off-target editing effects 8)Sickle cell disease therapy 9)?-thalassemia gene therapy 10)Cancer immunotherapy using CRISPR 11)Rare genetic disease treatment 12)Personalised precision medicine approaches

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Persistent rural-urban disparities in access to higher education and high dropout rates remain critical challenges in Mizoram's government colleges. Students from rural areas often encounter barriers such as limited academic resources, economic constraints, and inadequate institutional support, resulting in lower enrolment and higher dropout rates compared to their urban counterparts. This study investigated enrolment and dropout patterns in government colleges of Mizoram over five academic years, i.e., 2019 to 2024. The objectives were to determine the total student enrolment, analyse the distribution between rural and urban areas, and compare these patterns across the specified years. Additionally, the study examined the overall dropout rate and computed separate dropout rates for rural and urban students, followed by a comparative evaluation. Data were obtained from secondary sources, including the All-India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) and state-level statistical abstracts. Descriptive statistics, trend analysis, and comparative measures were applied to assess enrolment dynamics and dropout patterns. The findings highlighted continuing inequities in access and retention, reinforcing the need for targeted policy measures to bridge rural-urban gaps and reduce dropout rates in Mizoram's government colleges.

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Higher Education, Mizoram, Rural Enrolment, Urban Enrolment, Dropout Rate, Enrolment Disparity.

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This study examines the recent, major reforms in the Goods and Services Tax (GST) framework in India (referred to as "GST 2.0") and analyzes their immediate and projected impact on the Indian automobile sector. The latest changes, effective from September 2025, represent a significant tax rationalization by simplifying the previous multi-rate structure (including 12% and 28% slabs plus cesses) into a clearer framework, primarily featuring 5%, 18%, and a new 40% rate for luxury goods. The reform's most profound impact is on affordability and demand stimulation in the mass-market segments. GST on small cars (under 4m, specific engine capacities) and two-wheelers (<=350cc) has been reduced substantially from 29-31% to 18%. This tax cut is designed to lower on-road prices, boost first-time buyers, revive the entry-level segment, and particularly drive consumption in rural and semi-urban markets, as evidenced by initial reports of surging bookings during the festive season. The latest GST reforms However, even with simplification, there are several potential disadvantages, particularly for specific sectors, businesses, and consumers during the transition phase. The long-term sustainability of this growth and its full translation into higher Input Tax Credit (ITC) utilization and fresh capacity investments warrant continuous monitoring.

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GST, Manufacturing, Auto sector, indirect tax.

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Post-Independence India remains segregated based on sociocultural differences, which over time have only been exacerbated by the surge of technological advancements and globalisation. Despite this rapid development rate, individuals within the borders defined by differences in income, education, healthcare, and employment opportunities share different realities. These realities could be as basic as the inability to afford stationery for school or as complex as facing social isolation due to their perceived social status, like caste. These realities, alongside background, economic status, opportunities, and social class, all influence people's outlook of themselves, often resulting in the Confidence Gap . Confidence is powerful as it governs the way individuals perceive themselves and their potential, how they interpret problems and seize opportunities. Thus, playing a major role in facilitating career advancements. It also impacts the way individuals interact with one another and their willingness to engage in conversation with less-known individuals. Therefore, it also impacts social (both professional and personal) relationships. The 'confidence gap' or the difference between individuals' abilities and the confidence within their abilities, emphasises how people from low-income areas and women tend to believe in themselves less . This concept is mainly moulded by the rhetoric of the West, and primarily applied in the context of gender, which covers the influence of gender and social stereotypes on one's self-conviction. The patriarchal setup of society results in women having lower self-confidence due to societal pressures which set an expectation for them to remain "perfect", while men are provided with more room to make mistakes. This results in women often avoiding new opportunities due to the fear of failure. This difference in confidence is also prevalent among students (as well as teachers) from rural and urban areas within India. The influence of their backgrounds, ability to speak English, and socioeconomic status can all sway their confidence, which often results in their perceiving themselves as inferior compared to individuals from urban areas. This can lead to limited exposure to socio-economic opportunities and development, which in turn only further exacerbates the divide between urban and rural individuals. The education system, being one of the primary systems through which students are first exposed to the concept of confidence, plays a major role in shaping the self-belief of students . As confidence stems from the environment, with a more stable and reassuring schooling environment, as well as a home environment wherein education is prioritised, students often tend to have better confidence. Additionally, teachers play a major role as students tend to take after them. Thus, showcasing a direct correlation between the education system and the confidence of students.

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Humanities

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Background: Age-related declines in sensory, motor, and cognitive domains adversely affect daily functioning in older adults. Eye-hand coordination and reaction time, both vital to independence and mobility, deteriorate with aging, potentially predisposing individuals to disability, accidents, and reduced quality of life. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between eye-hand coordination and reaction time in the geriatric population using standardized assessment tools. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 80 community-dwelling older adults aged 60-69 years, recruited through purposive sampling. Eye-hand coordination was assessed using the Beery Visual Perception (VP) scale, whereas reaction time was measured through the Deary-Liewald Reaction Time (DLRT) task administered via the CogniFit application. Participants meeting independence and cognitive orientation criteria were included. Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to analyze the association between the two variables using SPSS v.27. Results: The sample included 52 males (65%) and 28 females (35%). Findings revealed that a majority of participants scored low on eye-hand coordination (74%) and exhibited slow reaction times (65%). Pearson analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between eye-hand coordination and reaction time (r = -0.675, p < 0.001), indicating that slower responses were associated with reduced coordination capacity. Conclusion: The study provides evidence that age-related motor and cognitive decline jointly deteriorate eye-hand coordination and reaction time in older adults. These impairments negatively affect independence, safety, and quality of life. Incorporating physical activity, cognitive training, and early screening into geriatric health strategies may help mitigate these challenges.

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Eye-Hand Coordination; Reaction Time; Aging; Gerontology; Cognitive Decline; Psychomotor Performance

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This study explores the bilateral trade dynamics in renewable energy between India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), focusing on its role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly clean energy access and climate action. Both countries have made significant progress in renewable energy, driven by supportive policies, technological advancements, and global sustainability commitments. This research investigates the key factors influencing renewable energy trade, including economic growth, renewable energy capacity, trade facilitation measures, and international agreements that shape bilateral trade flows. The period from 2019 to 2024 has seen significant global disruptions, policy shifts, and technological innovations, impacting trade relations. This study utilizes econometric analysis to assess the relationship between the aforementioned variables and renewable energy trade between India and the UAE. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to strengthen renewable energy cooperation, promote technological innovation, and support the transition to sustainable energy, aligning with India's Vision Viksit Bharat@2047.

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Bilateral trade, renewable energy, India-UAE relations, Sustainable Development Goals, Viksit Bharat@2047, policy shifts.

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The Internet of Things(IoT) is revolutionizing the healthcare sector, linking better, faster solutions in a fast-evolving and fast-paced era. The following paper illustrates the design and assessment of a Smart Glove Monitoring System for individuals with Down syndrome. The wearable system combines various sensors such as flex sensors, heartbeat and SpO? modules, GPS, and fall detection to ensure ongoing health monitoring and gesture-based interaction. Through the use of IoT through NodeMCU, the system sends real-time health and location information to a cloud platform, enabling caregivers to monitor and react quickly in emergency situations. The glove also has pre-recorded voice reminders triggered by finger gestures, which enable the non-verbal users to communicate simple needs. Experimental results show smooth heart rate and oxygen saturation monitoring, precise gesture recognition within five seconds, and effective GPS tracking in open spaces. Even though indoor GPS accuracy and fall detection dependability need enhancement, the system shows great promise as a low-cost assistive technology improving safety, autonomy, and caregiver assistance for individuals with Down syndrome.

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Offering an indepth examination of Mahesh Dattani's Tara (1990), this paper explores how the play depicts the intersections of gender and disability in modern India. At its centre are twins Tara and Chandan, surgically separated shortly after birth; their family's decision to attach the third leg to the boy underscores persistent patriarchal son preference. Grounding the analysis in intersectionality--an analytic framework devised by Black feminist scholars to study the interplay of identities such as gender, race, class and disability, the study contends that the play indicts patriarchal norms and ableist perceptions. Recognising this approach is crucial because early feminist discourse often neglected disability; through his portrayal of a disabled girl, Dattani demonstrates how interlocking oppressions intensify disadvantage. The narrative also draws on the social model of disability, revealing that impairment arises from social responses rather than inherent limitations. Tara endures dual discrimination as a woman and a disabled person, yet she declares her own worth and meets derision with sharp wit. Her resilience underscores the presence of agency in hostile environments. The discussion locates the play within the Indian socioeconomic milieu, where disability intersects with class and caste and underscores Dattani's critique of customs that privilege male, able bodies. By integrating insights from intersectional feminism and disability studies, the paper argues that Tara functions as more than a domestic tragedy; it becomes a plea for dismantling patriarchal and ableist structures and for affirming the humanity of disabled women. The drama continues to resonate with contemporary debates on gender equity, disability rights and social inclusion, demonstrating the capacity of theatre to stimulate reflection and inspire change.

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intersectionality; gender; disability; Indian theatre; Mahesh Dattani

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The drawbacks of traditional job recommendation systems built upon static keyword matching have created a need for more intelligent and adaptive recruitment processes. In this paper, we introduce a novel AI job recommendation framework utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) to summarize resumes and identify skills gaps. Our method allows the automatic identification of candidate information and dynamically determines the fit between a candidate's resume and the skills needed for a job role by analyzing the user's own skills and the job requirements. Further, we are able to provide quick and transparent recommendations with vector similarity search technology-backed databases. The well over half of respondents in our study expressed excitement about summarizing resumes and analyzing skills using AI, demonstrating the potential of this system to assist in recruitment by providing easy-to-understand, timely, and personalized recommendations, without the need for human intervention.

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AI-Based Job Recommendation, Large Language Models, Resume Summarization, Skill Gap Detection, Vector Similarity Search, Explainability, Personalized Recruitment, Real-Time Recommendation, Scalable Database, Candidate Profiling, Recruitment Automation, Natural Language Understanding.

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A Resolving Set R?V is called Resolving Dominating Set of a connected graph "G" if every node in R^'(i.e V-R)is adjacent to some other node in R. A Resolving Dominating Set is called Resolving-Set Dominating set (R-SD set) if every set U^'?R^' there exists a non-empty set Z?R such that the subgraph of ?U^'?Z?is connected in "G" .The Resolving -Set Domination number ?_RSD ("G") is the minimum cardinality of overall Resolving -Set Dominating set in G. In this research paper, we introduce this parameter to some standard graphs and existing of bounds of the graph.

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Resolving Set, Resolving Dominating Set, Resolving -Set Dominating set, Resolving -Set Domination number, Graphs.

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Throughout history, the feminine gender has been recognized as the cornerstone of both families and society as a whole. Women play a pivotal role in pro-creating, nurturing shaping their families and transmitting their tradition and cultures across generations, thereby strengthening their families. Regrettably, women have faced numerous instances of grave injustice at all levels, regardless of their age, community and racial background. This situation persists due to pre- dominantly patriarchal nature of the Indian culture, where women often remain silent about their suffering either accepting them as a part of their lives or being reluctant to complain. This makes them vulnerable to exploitation. Regardless of their territorial boundaries, cultural background, or educational status, individual may encounter varying degrees of violence. A report by the United Nations Organization reveals that women constitute nearly half of the world's population, yet their work accounts for two third of the global workforce. However, they receive only one- tenth of the world's income and their ownership of property is less than a hundred percent of the world's total. Consequently, women are victims of various forms of inequality and discrimination. In response to these challenges The Legislature have enacted numerous laws to ensure women's due place and share in the society. Nevertheless, millions of women remain ignorant or unable to fully exercise their rights and freedoms which are legally guaranteed. It is imperative that these legal enactments should not be merely symbolic. The significance of the study is that there has been a significant increase in the official reported number of crimes against women, particularly wives in marital households in India. Violence against women is not a novel phenomenon and is prevalent across various socio- economic and age groups. Consequently, it appears to be an inherent aspect of human lives. In India, particularly over the past three decades, there has been a pronounced response to such escalating instances of violence against women by advocating for legislative actions. While our Constitution guarantees the Rights of Education to women (Article 14 and 15) and article 21 upholds the human dignity for both men and women, the complete protection of women from exploitation and harassment cannot be guaranteed. Consequently, the researcher had delineated the following objectives for the study: Analyze the evolution of women's status from the historic period to the present day. Identify the concept of domestic violence that led to the enactment of the Act. Critically examine the various enactments in India regarding domestic violence over time.

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Women, domestic violence, Legislature, The Constitution of India, The United Nations.

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Dream is a psychological act that is made of desires and experiences, and is usually associated with individual subjective consciousness. Technically the occurrence of dream is in sleep, but often people dream even when they are awake. These dreams are more like an accumulation of hopes and wishes. Fulfilment of such hopes and wishes is very much dependent upon the socio-economic factors of reality. The conditions and degree of fulfilment of dreams are decided by the class and the race of the people who dream. I wish to say that in a society divided by racism dreams are colored, as the complexion of the skin, whether it is white or black, determines their fulfilment. To this purpose I have selected two major American plays, Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, to show how the American Dream, a pivotal spirit in the economic advancement of America in the 20th Century, made the dream of prosperity of the black people more difficult than the backward section of the white people.

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American Dream, Coloured Dream, Dream, Racism, Capitalism, etc.

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Kazuo Ishiguro's fiction presents a world of subdued emotions, fragmented recollections, and moral introspection. His characters inhabit spaces where silence speaks as profoundly as words and where memory serves as both refuge and burden. This article examines the complex relationship between Silence and Memory in two of Ishiguro's most significant novels A Pale View of Hills (1982) and The Buried Giant (2015). While the former explores the inner trauma and repressed guilt of an individual confronting personal loss, the latter expands these themes to collective memory and cultural amnesia in a post-war society. Through a study of Ishiguro's narrative silences, unreliable recollections, and ethical ambiguity, this paper argues that silence in his works is not absence but a form of communication that reflects the human struggle between remembering and forgetting. Ishiguro's fiction suggests that true peace, whether personal or collective, depends on how one negotiates between the necessity of memory and the mercy of silence.

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Kazuo Ishiguro, Silence, Memory, Trauma, Forgetting, Identity, Collective Memory, Narrative Ethics

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This paper studies Precarious labour conditions in Abdulrazak Gurnah's Paradise and Gravel Heart through a critical engagement with Marxist and postcolonial theory. It analyzes how both novels portray the commodification of human labour under colonial and neoliberal systems, highlighting the emotional and existential toll on individuals subjected to invisible and systemic forms of servitude. Yusuf's role as a rehani in Paradise reveals how debt bondage functions within pre-capitalist yet structurally exploitative economies, while Salim's experiences as a racialized migrant in Gravel Heart expose the quiet violence of low-status labour in postcolonial Britain. The analysis draws on Karl Marx, Immanuel Wallerstein, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak to elucidate the ideological mechanisms that normalize such labour exploitation and marginalization. Ultimately, the paper argues that Gurnah presents labour not merely as economic toil, but as a deeply embodied and identity-defining experience shaped by historical displacement, colonial legacy, and global capitalist systems.

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Abdulrazak Gurnah, labour, rehani, working class, migrant

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Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including high specific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. Now a days the particulate reinforced aluminium matrix composite are gaining importance because of their low cost with advantages like isotropic properties and the possibility of secondary processing facilitating fabrication of secondary components. Aluminium alloys are widely used in aerospace and automobile industries due to their low density, better wear and corrosion resistance, low thermal coefficient of expansion and other good mechanical properties as compared to conventional metal and alloys. The excellent mechanical properties and relatively low production cost make them a very attractive for a variety of applications both from scientific and technological viewpoints. The present investigation has been focused on the literature survey of the metal matrix composites produced by different methods. The aim is involved at developing metal matrix composite to combine the desirable attributes of metals and ceramics.

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Metal Matrix Composite,AA6063,Corn Cob,Silicon Carbide

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The JARVIS platform exemplifies a sophisticated integration of cutting-edge technologies within a modular AI-powered desktop assistant framework. It features a responsive graphical user interface (GUI), accurate voice-command recognition, and seamless integration of artificial intelligence for multimodal interaction. The assistant supports dynamic voice command execution, real-time chatbot communication via the OpenAI API, and intelligent automation of desktop tasks such as launching applications, setting reminders, and retrieving information. Additionally, the system incorporates wake-word detection and speech synthesis for continuous hands-free operation. Its modular architecture ensures scalability and extensibility, enabling intuitive humancomputer interaction through natural language processing and system-level control. The JARVIS assistant represents a robust and accessible solution for intelligent personal desktop automation.

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AI Desktop Assistant, Voice Command Recognition, Wake Word Detection, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Graphical User Interface (GUI), Speech Synthesis, OpenAI API, AI Chatbot Integration, Real-Time Automation, Task Scheduling, Python, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), System Control, Smart Assistant, Personal Automation, Multimodal Interaction, Continuous Voice Processing.

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Teachers' Perception, ICT Integration, Student Attitude, Digital Pedagogy, Mixed-Method Study, Regression Analysis, Thematic Analysis

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